ASTM E1061-94(2000)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Direct-Reading Liquid Crystal Forehead Thermometers
Standard Specification for Direct-Reading Liquid Crystal Forehead Thermometers
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers direct-reading liquid crystal forehead thermometers designed to monitor trends or measure human forehead surface temperatures, or both.
1.2 Thermometers covered by this specification are generally available in continuous or intermittent reading modes. Thermometers meeting the requirements specified herein shall be considered as complying with this specification.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 5, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 1061 – 94 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Specification for
Direct-Reading Liquid Crystal Forehead Thermometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1061; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.4 color play, n—the predictable sequence of colors
exhibited by a liquid crystal formulation as it passes through its
1.1 This specification covers direct-reading liquid crystal
active temperature range. For example, as temperature in-
forehead thermometers designed to monitor trends or measure
creases, a formulation exhibits successive tan, red, green, and
human forehead surface temperatures, or both.
blue colors.
1.2 Thermometers covered by this specification are gener-
3.2.5 manufacturing lot, n—(1) in the case of continuous
ally available in continuous or intermittent reading modes.
manufacturing processes, a lot is a specifically identified
Thermometers meeting the requirements specified herein shall
amount produced in a unit of time or quantity in a manner that
be considered as complying with this specification.
assumes its having uniform characteristics and quality within
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
specified limits.
test method portion, Section 5, of this specification. This
(2) In the case of batch processes, a lot means a batch or
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
specifically identified portion of a batch assumed to have
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
uniform characteristics and quality within specified limits.
of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and
3.2.6 sequencing, n—a characteristic whereby the thermal
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
profiles of the liquid crystal formulations of a given thermom-
limitations prior to use.
eter follow each other in an orderly predetermined manner.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.7 specific color phenomena, n (using instrumental
methods of evaluation):
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.7.1 blue—that temperature at which the intensity of 470
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
nm light reflected by the liquid crystal is maximum, symbol-
etry
ized as T°470.
3. Terminology
3.2.7.2 green—that temperature at which the intensity of
520 nm light reflected by the liquid crystal is maximum,
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this speci-
symbolized as T°520.
fication, refer to Terminology E 344.
3.2.7.3 red—that temperature at which the intensity of 650
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
nm light reflected by the liquid crystal is maximum, symbol-
3.2.1 band width or span (D), n—the temperature difference
ized as T°650.
defined by the equation:
3.2.8 start of blue (SB), n—that temperature at which the
D5 SB 2 SR
liquid crystal first begins to reflect blue light, which is defined
3.2.2 band width or span (D), n—the temperature difference
as light having a wavelength of 491 nm.
defined by the following equation:
3.2.9 start of green (SG), n—that temperature at which the
D5 T°470 2 T°650 liquid crystal first begins to reflect green light, which is defined
as light having a wavelength of 575 nm.
3.2.3 center green (CG) or mid green (MG), n—that tem-
3.2.10 start of red (SR), n—that temperature at which the
perature which unifies the visual and instrumental evaluation
liquid crystal first begins to reflect red light, which is defined as
methods and is defined by the equation:
light having a wavelength of 675 nm.
SG 1 SB
3.2.11 thermal profile, n—temperatures at which specific
CG 5 MG 5 5 T°520
color phenomena occur in a liquid crystal thermometer.
See 3.2.7.2 for description of T°520.
3.2.12 visible start (VS), n—that temperature at which the
liquid crystal first begins to reflect visible light.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
4. Requirements
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.08
on Medical Thermometry.
4.1 General—Thermometers represented as complying with
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1994. Published April 1994. Originally
this specification shall meet all of the requirements specified
published as E 1061–85. Last previous edition E 1061–85(1991).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. herein.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 1061
4.2 Temperature Range—The liquid crystal forehead ther- address of producer or distributor).” The following abbreviated
mometer shall, as a minimum, meet all requirements of this statement is suggested when available space is insufficient for
specification over the temperature range of 32.0 to 38.0°C (90 the full statement: “Conforms to ASTM E 1061 (name and
to 100°F). Some color must remain visible up to temperatures address of producer or distributor).”
of 39.5°C (103°F).
5. Test Methods
4.3 Tolerance—Whenever a temperature for a specific color
phenomenon (3.2.3) is measured, the maximum permissible
5.1 General—The inspections and test procedures con-
deviation is 60.6°C (61.0°F), when tested according to 5.2 of
tained in this section are to be used to determine the conform-
this standard.
ance of Liquid Crystal Forehead Thermometers to the require-
4.4 Seq
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