ASTM D4190-08

Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Direct-Current Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful for the determination of element concentrations in many natural waters. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 15 separate elements. High analysis sensitivity can be achieved for some elements, such as boron and vanadium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable elements in water, which includes drinking water, lake water, river water, sea water, snow, and Type II reagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (DCP).
1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters.
1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1.
1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless the sample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted by a factor of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte concentration above the detection limit.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
TABLE 1 Solutions for Analysis   Element PSolutions for Analysis, μg/L 1 2 3   Al 50 100 190  Be 50 5001000  B  50 5001000  Cd1000 50 500  Cr 5001000 50  Co 50 5001000  Cu1000 50 500  Fe 5001000 50  Pb 500 2001000  Mn 800 50 300  Hg 5001000 200  Ni 50 300 800  Sr 600 50 300  V 1000 50 400  Zn  5001000 50

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2008
• ICS: 13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4190-03 - Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Direct-Current Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM D4190-15 - Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2015
• Referred By: ASTM D1971-16(2021)e1 - Standard Practices for Digestion of Water Samples for Determination of Metals by Flame Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption, Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, or Plasma Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4309-18 - Standard Practice for Sample Digestion Using Closed Vessel Microwave Heating Technique for the Determination of Total Metals in Water
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4190 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Elements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic
1
Emission Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
and total recoverable elements in water, which includes drink-
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
ing water, lake water, river water, sea water, snow, and Type II
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
reagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spec-
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
troscopy (DCP).
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
other waters.
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
E1097 Guide for Determination of Various Elements by
1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed
in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1. Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless the
3. Terminology
sample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted by
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
a factor of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
concentration above the detection limit.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.1 LCS, n—laboratory control standard.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.2.2 total recoverable element, n—a term relating to forms
standard.
of each element that are determinable by the digestion method
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
that is included in this test method.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Elements are determined, either sequentially or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
simultaneously, by DCP.
2. Referenced Documents 4.2 Matrix enhancement or suppression of the emission
2 signal can be minimized by the addition of 2000 mg/L of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lithium ion to all standards, samples, and blanks.
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
4.3 Dissolved elements are determined by atomizing a
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
filtered and acidified sample directly with no pretreatment.
4.4 If the sample is clear, total recoverable elements are
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
determined in the same manner as dissolved elements except
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
that sample is unfiltered and acidified.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
4.5 If there are large particles (non-colloidal) the total
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4190 – 03. DOI:
10.1520/D4190-08.
recoverableelementsaredeterminedonaportionofthesample
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
after a hydrochloric-nitric acid digestion (12.2 – 12.5). The
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
same digestion procedure is used to determine all total recov-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. erable elements in this test method.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D4190 − 08
5
TABLE 1 Solutions for Analysis
on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society
Solutions for Analysis, µg/L where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
Element P
12 3 used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
Al 50 100 190 sufficient purity to permit its use without lessening the accu-
Be 50 500 1000
racy of the determination.
B 50 500 1000
Cd 1000 50 500
8.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
Cr 500 1000 50
towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanreagentwaterconforming
Co 50 500 1000
to Type I of Specification D1193. Other reagent water types
Cu 1000 50 500
Fe 500 1000 50
may
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4190–03 Designation:D4190–08
Standard Test Method for
Elements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic
1
Emission Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope *
1.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable elements in water, which includes drinking
water, lake water, river water, sea water, snow, and Type II reagent water by direct current plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
(DCP).
1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters.
1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1.
1.4 Thistestmethodisnotapplicabletobrinesunlessthesamplematrixcanbematchedorthesamplecanbedilutedbyafactor
of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte concentration above the detection limit.
1.5
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
3
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water D1192Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits
2
D 1193Specification for Reagent Water Specification for Reagent Water
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D 4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
2
D 5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Solutions Samples
D 5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
E 1097 Guide for Direct Current Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry Analysis
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions— For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 1129.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 LCS, n—laboratory control standard.
3.2.2 total recoverable element, n—a term relating to forms of each element that are determinable by the digestion method that
is included in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1Elements are determined, either sequentially or simultaneously, by d-c plasma atomic emission spectroscopy.
4.1 Elements are determined, either sequentially or simultaneously, by DCP.
4.2 Matrix enhancement or suppression of the emission signal can be minimized by the addition of 2000 mg/L of lithium ion
to all standards, samples, and blanks.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD19onWaterandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.05onInorganicConstituentsinWater.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4190–99.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4190 – 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 11.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D4190–08
TABLE 1 Solutions for Analysis
Solutions for Analysis, µg/L
Element P
12 3
Al 50 100 190
Be 50 500 1000
B 50 500 1000
Cd 1000 50 500
Cr 500 1000 50
Co 50 500 1000
Cu 1000 50 500
Fe 500 1000 50
Pb 500 200 1000
Mn 800 50 300
Hg 500 1000 200
Ni 50 300 800
Sr 600 50 300
V 1000 50 400
Zn 500 1000 50
4.3 Dissolved elements are determined by atomizing a filtered and acidified sample directly with no pretreatment.
4.4 If the sample is clear, tot
...