ASTM D5877-95(2000)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Displaying Results of Chemical Analyses of Ground Water for Major Ions and Trace Elements-Diagrams Based on Data Analytical Calculations
Standard Guide for Displaying Results of Chemical Analyses of Ground Water for Major Ions and Trace Elements-Diagrams Based on Data Analytical Calculations
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods that graphically display chemical analyses of multiple ground-water samples, discrete values and also those reduced to comprehensive summaries or parameters. Details required by the investigator to fully use the methods are found in the listed references. The methods included in this guide are many of the graphical procedures that were not discussed in two previous guides, Guides D5738 and D5754.
Note 1--The graphic methods in this guide apply to both raw and transformed data, for example, unaltered medians, maximums, and minimums and transformed means, square-roots, frequency distributions, and so forth. The methods are often computational intensive, requiring the use of a digital computer. Some graphical methods illustrate the results of the statistical analysis of a sample data set. For example, box plots are graphical portrayals of the maximum, minimum, median, 25th percentile, and 75th percentile of one variable, such as the chloride ion from a group of chemical analyses.
Besides chemical components, other variables that may be plotted to show an interdependence with water chemistry include time, distance, and temperature.
1.2 This guide on diagrams based on data analytical calculations is the third of several documents to inform the hydrologists and geochemists about traditional graphical methods for displaying ground-water chemical data.
Note 2--The initial guide described the category of water-analysis diagrams that use two-dimensional trilinear graphs to display, on a single diagram, the common chemical components from two or more analyses of natural ground water.
1.2.1 The second guide described the category of water-analysis diagrams that use pattern and pictorial methods as a basis for displaying each of the individual chemical components determined from the analysis of a single sample of natural ground water.
1.3 This guide presents a compilation of diagrams that allows for transformation of numerical data into visual, usable forms. It is not a guide to selection or use. That choice is program or project specific.
1.4 Many graphic techniques have been developed by investigators to illustrate the results of the data analytical computations to assist in summarizing and interpreting related data sets. In this guide, selected graphical methods are illustrated using ground-water chemistry data.
1.5 The basic or original format of each of the graphical techniques given in this guide has been modified in several ways, largely depending upon the data analytical techniques used by the investigators. Several minor modifications are mentioned, some significant revisions are discussed in more detail.
1.6 Notations have been incorporated within many diagrams illustrated in this guide to assist the reader in understanding how the diagrams are constructed. These notations would not be required on a diagram designed for inclusion in a project document.
Note 3--Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.
1.7This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.i This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only tha...
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Designation: D 5877 – 95 (Reapproved 2000)
Standard Guide for
Displaying Results of Chemical Analyses of Ground Water
for Major Ions and Trace Elements—Diagrams Based on
1
Data Analytical Calculations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5877; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.3 This guide presents a compilation of diagrams that
allows for transformation of numerical data into visual, usable
1.1 This guide covers methods that graphically display
forms. It is not a guide to selection or use. That choice is
chemical analyses of multiple ground-water samples, discrete
program or project specific.
values and also those reduced to comprehensive summaries or
1.4 Many graphic techniques have been developed by in-
parameters.Detailsrequiredbytheinvestigatortofullyusethe
vestigators to illustrate the results of the data analytical
methods are found in the listed references. The methods
computations to assist in summarizing and interpreting related
includedinthisguidearemanyofthegraphicalproceduresthat
data sets. In this guide, selected graphical methods are illus-
werenotdiscussedintwopreviousguides,GuidesD5738and
trated using ground-water chemistry data.
D5754.
1.5 The basic or original format of each of the graphical
NOTE 1—The graphic methods in this guide apply to both raw and
techniques given in this guide has been modified in several
transformed data, for example, unaltered medians, maximums, and
ways, largely depending upon the data analytical techniques
minimums and transformed means, square-roots, frequency distributions,
used by the investigators. Several minor modifications are
andsoforth.Themethodsareoftencomputationalintensive,requiringthe
mentioned, some significant revisions are discussed in more
use of a digital computer. Some graphical methods illustrate the results of
the statistical analysis of a sample data set. For example, box plots are detail.
graphical portrayals of the maximum, minimum, median, 25th percentile,
1.6 Notationshavebeenincorporatedwithinmanydiagrams
and 75th percentile of one variable, such as the chloride ion from a group
illustrated in this guide to assist the reader in understanding
of chemical analyses.
how the diagrams are constructed. These notations would not
Besides chemical components, other variables that may be plotted to
be required on a diagram designed for inclusion in a project
showaninterdependencewithwaterchemistryincludetime,distance,and
document.
temperature.
NOTE 3—Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes
1.2 This guide on diagrams based on data analytical calcu-
only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM.
lationsisthethirdofseveraldocumentstoinformthehydrolo-
gists and geochemists about traditional graphical methods for 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
displaying ground-water chemical data.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 2—The initial guide described the category of water-analysis
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
diagrams that use two-dimensional trilinear graphs to display, on a single
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
diagram,thecommonchemicalcomponentsfromtwoormoreanalysesof
natural ground water. 1.8 This guide offers an organized collection of information
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
1.2.1 The second guide described the category of water-
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
analysis diagrams that use pattern and pictorial methods as a
experienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwithprofessional
basis for displaying each of the individual chemical compo-
judgment.Notallaspectsofthisguidemaybeapplicableinall
nents determined from the analysis of a single sample of
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
natural ground water.
sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and documentbeappliedwithoutconsiderationofaproject’smany
Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on GroundWater and
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
Vadose Zone Investigations.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1995. Published February 1996.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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