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ASTM G95-87(1998)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method) (Withdrawn 2007)

Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method) (Withdrawn 2007)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers accelerated procedures for simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of coating systems applied to steep pipe exterior for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in underground service where the pipe will be in contact with natural soils and will receive cathodic protection. They are intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from commercial production and are applicable to such samples when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical barrier.  
1.2 This test method is intended to facilitate testing of coatings where the test cell is cemented to the surface of the coated pipe specimen. This is appropriate when it is impractical to submerge or immerse the test specimen as required by Test Methods G8, G42, or G80. Coating sample configuration such as flat plate and small diameter pipe may be used, provided that the test procedure remains unchanged.  
1.3 This test method allows options that must be identified in the report.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers accelerated procedures for simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of coating systems applied to steep pipe exterior for the purpose of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in underground service where the pipe will be in contact with natural soils and will receive cathodic protection. They are intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from commercial production and are applicable to such samples when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical barrier.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in March 2007 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-1998
Withdrawal Date
20-Mar-2007
ICS
23.040.99 - Other pipeline components
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.48 - Durability of Pipeline Coating and Linings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM G95-07 - Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6577-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Testing Industrial Protective Coatings
Effective Date
10-May-1998
Referred By
ASTM G8-96(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings
Effective Date
10-May-1998
Referred By
ASTM D6676/D6676M-21 - Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Exterior Pipeline Coatings at Elevated Temperatures Using Interior Heating
Effective Date
10-May-1998
Referred By
ASTM G42-11(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline Coatings Subjected to Elevated Temperatures
Effective Date
10-May-1998

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ASTM G95-87(1998)e1 - Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method) (Withdrawn 2007)ASTM G95-87(1998)e1 - Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method) (Withdrawn 2007)
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ASTM G95-87(1998)e1 - Standard Test Method for Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached Cell Method) (Withdrawn 2007)
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:G95–87 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard Test Method for
Cathodic Disbondment Test of Pipeline Coatings (Attached
Cell Method)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationG95;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Footnotes were corrected editorially in May l998.
1. Scope G62 Test Methods for Holiday Detection in Pipeline Coat-
ings
1.1 This test method covers accelerated procedures for
G80 Test Method for Specific Cathodic Disbonding of
simultaneously determining comparative characteristics of
Pipeline Coatings
coating systems applied to steep pipe exterior for the purpose
of preventing or mitigating corrosion that may occur in
3. Summary of Test Method
underground service where the pipe will be in contact with
3.1 The test method described subjects the coating on the
natural soils and will receive cathodic protection. They are
testspecimentoelectricalstressinahighlyconductivealkaline
intended for use with samples of coated pipe taken from
electrolyte. Electrical stress is obtained from an impressed
commercial production and are applicable to such samples
direct-current system. An intentional holiday is to be made in
when the coating is characterized by function as an electrical
the coating prior to starting of test.
barrier.
3.1.1 Electrical instrumentation is provided for measuring
1.2 This test method is intended to facilitate testing of
the current and the potential throughout the test cycle. At the
coatings where the test cell is cemented to the surface of the
conclusion of the test period, the test specimen is physically
coated pipe specimen. This is appropriate when it is impracti-
examined.
cal to submerge or immerse the test specimen as required by
3.1.2 Physical examination is conducted by comparing the
Test Methods G8, G42, or G80. Coating sample configura-
extent of loosened or disbonded coating at the intentional
tion such as flat plate and small diameter pipe may be used,
2 holiday in the immersed area with extent of loosened or
provided that the test procedure remains unchanged.
disbondedcoatingatareferenceholidaymadeinthecoatingin
1.3 This test method allows options that must be identified
an area that was not immersed.
in the report.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Damage to pipe coating is almost unavoidable during
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
transportation and construction. Breaks or holidays in pipe
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
coatings may expose the pipe to possible corrosion since, after
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
a pipe has been installed underground, the surrounding earth
2. Referenced Documents will be moisture-bearing and will constitute an effective
electrolyte. Applied cathodic protection potentials may cause
2.1 ASTM Standards:
loosening of the coating, beginning at holiday edges. Sponta-
G8 Test Methods for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline
3 neousholidaysmayalsobecausedbysuchpotentials.Thistest
Coatings
method provides accelerated conditions for cathodic disbond-
G12 TestMethodforNondestructiveMeasurementofFilm
3 ment to occur and provides a measure of resistance of coatings
Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel
to this type of action.
G42 Test Method for Cathodic Disbonding of Pipeline
3 4.2 The effects of the test are to be evaluated by physical
Coatings Subjected to Elevated Temperatures
examinations and monitoring the current drawn by the test
specimen. Usually there is no correlation between the two
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint methods of evaluation, but both methods are significant.
and Related Coatings, Materials andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Physicalexaminationconsistsofassessingtheeffectivecontact
Subcommittee D01.48 on Durability of Pipeline Coatings and Linings.
of the coating with the metal surface in terms of observed
Current edition approved Sept. 25, 1987. Published November 1987.
differences in the relative adhesive bond. It is usually found
For other cathodic disbondment testing procedures, consult Test Methods G8,
G42, and G80.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
G95
that the cathodically disbonded area propogates from an area sufficient height to contain 127.0 mm (5.0 in.) of electrolyte.
where adhesion is zero to an area where adhesion reaches the Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 apply to this entire section.
originallevel.Anintermediatezoneofdecreasedadhesionmay
NOTE 1—Size of vessel shall remain unchanged. Sealing procedure
also be present.
must be altered to accommodate specimen having a diameter less than
4.3 Assumptions associated with test results include:
101.60 mm (4 in.).
4.3.1 Maximum adhesion, or bond, is found in the coating
5.2 Filter Tube—Anode assembly shall be constructed uti-
that was not immersed in the test liquid, and
lizing an immersion tube with fritted disk. Length of the tube
4.3.2 Decreased adhesion in the immersed test area is the
will be 180 mm (7 in.) and 8 mm (0.315 in.) in diameter. The
result of cathodic disbondment.
fritted-disk section shall be 30 mm (1.18 in.) in diameter with
4.4 Ability to resist disbondment is a desired quality on a
a pore size of 10 to 15 µm.
comparative basis, but disbondment in this test method is not
5.3 Impressed-Current Anode—Anode shall be of the plati-
necessarily an adverse indication of coating performance. The
numwiretype,0.51mm(0.020in.)-24gagediameter.Itshall
virtueofthistestmethodisthatalldielectric-typecoatingsnow
be of sufficient length to extend outside the confines of the test
in common use will disbond to some degree, thus providing a
cell and shall be connected to the wire from the power source
means of comparing one coating to another.
with a bolted or compression fitting.
4.5 The current density appearing in this test method is
much greater than that usually required for cathodic protection 5.4 Anode Assembly—Anode shall be suspended inside the
in natural environments.
test vessel so that the tip of the anode assembly closest to the
holiday is 25.4 mm (1 in.) above, and the edge of the anode
5. Apparatus
assembly is 12.7 mm ( ⁄2 in.) offset from the holiday.
5.1 Test Vessel—A transparent plastic or glass tube that is 5.5 Reference Electrode—Saturated Cu-CuSO of conven-
centered over the intentional holiday and sealed to the test- tional glass or plastic tube with porous plug construction,
sample surface with a waterproof sealing material. The cylin- preferably not over 19.05 mm (0.750 in.) in diameter, having a
der is to be 101.6 mm (4.0 in. nominal diameter) and of potential of−0.316 V with respect to the standard hydrogen
FIG. 1 Typical Test Set Up
G95
electrode. A saturated calomel electrode may be used, but sharp-pointed knife, with a safe handle is required for use in
measurements made with it shall be converted to the Cu- making physical examination.
CuSO reference for reporting by adding−0.072 V to the
6. Reagent and Materials
observed reading.
5.6 Reference Electrode Placement—Submerge the tip of 6.1 The electrolyte shall consist of distilled or deionized
water with the addition of 3 mass % of technical grade sodium
the reference electrode 25.4 mm (1 in.) into the electrolyte.
5.7 High-Impedence Multimeter—For making direct- chloride. Use freshly
...

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4.1 Breaks or holidays in a coating applied over steel exposes the substrate to a potential corrosion cell. When the steel is subjected to cathodic protection by the polarization of the steel via sacrificial anodes or impressed current, the exposed steel at the holiday becomes the cathode in the corrosion cell. When the electrolyte is neutral or slightly alkaline, hydroxyl ions form from the reduction of oxygen and, when paired with a suitable cation from the electrolyte, form an alkaline solution. Depending on the strength of this alkaline solution and the concentration of the alkaline compound, this alkalinity may disrupt the adhesion between the coating and the steel, disbonding the coating from the steel.  
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1.1 These test methods apply to procedures for determining the degree of disbondment of a coating from a steel substrate when placed in contact with an electrolyte and a potential is applied to the steel. Specimens may include coated steel pipe or coated flat or curved steel plate. The coating applied to the steel substrate shall be non-metallic and shall not show flow characteristics at the test temperature.  
1.2 These test methods apply to specimens that are immersed in an electrolyte bath or specimens with an attached electrolyte cell at ambient room temperature, 21 °C to 25 °C (70 °F to 77 °F), conditions. If higher temperatures are required, use Test Method G42.  
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5.1 Method A—Low voltage holiday detection is used to locate holidays and pinholes in thin-film coatings (up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) using a sponge wetted with tap water (and a wetting agent for coatings thicker than 10 mils). The water carries the current from the electrode through the holiday to the conductive substrate. The detector is grounded to the coated substrate. When the detector senses this flow of current it alarms.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Method A—Low voltage holiday detection is used to locate holidays and pinholes in thin-film coatings (up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) using a sponge wetted with tap water (and a wetting agent for coatings thicker than 10 mils). The water carries the current from the electrode through the holiday to the conductive substrate. The detector is grounded to the coated substrate. When the detector senses this flow of current it alarms.  
5.2 Method B—High voltage holiday detection is used to locate holidays and pinholes in thick-film coatings (greater than 20 mils), but can be used on coatings as low as 10 mils thick. A test voltage is selected and set. A charged Electrode is placed in contact with the coating, and the Detector is grounded to the coated substrate. When Electrical Breakdown occurs, electric current flows between the Detector’s electrode and the conductive substrate and emits an audible alarm.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the apparatus and procedures for detecting pinholes and holidays in coatings used to protect pipelines.  
1.2 Method A is designed to detect pinholes and holidays in thin-film coatings from 0.025 mm to 0.254 mm (1 mils to 10 mils) in thickness using ordinary tap water and an applied voltage of less than 100 V d-c. It is effective on films up to 0.508 mm (20 mils) thickness if a wetting agent is used with the water.  
1.3 Method B is designed to detect pinholes and holidays in thick-film coatings >0.508 mm (20 mils) This method can be used on any thickness of pipeline coating and utilizes applied voltages between 3.4 and 35 kV d-c.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units to three significant decimals are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 When permitted by a specification or the order, this test method may be used for detecting leaks in tubing in lieu of the air underwater pressure test.
SCOPE
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1.2 The procedures will produce consistent results upon which acceptance standards can be based. This test may be performed in accordance with the Pressure Differential (Procedure A), the Pressure Decay (Procedure B), or the Vacuum Decay (Procedure C) method.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F1282-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) Composite Pressure Pipe

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a coextruded polyethylene composite pressure pipe with a welded aluminum tube reinforcement between the inner and outer layers. The inner and outer polyethylene layers are bonded to the aluminum tube by a melt adhesive. Included is a system of nomenclature for the polyethylene-aluminum-polyethylene (PE-AL-PE) pipes, the requirements and test methods for materials, the dimensions and strengths of the component tubes and finished pipe, adhesion tests, and the burst and sustained pressure performance. Also given are the requirements and methods of marking. The pipe covered by this specification is intended for use in potable water distribution systems for residential and commercial applications, water service, underground irrigation systems, and radient panel heating systems, baseboard, snow- and ice-melt systems, and gases that are compatible with composite pipe and fittings.  
1.2 This specification relates only to composite pipes incorporating a welded aluminum tube having both internal and external polyethylene layers. The welded aluminium tube is capable of sustaining internal pressures. Pipes consisting of metallic layers not welded together and plastic layers other than polyethylene are outside the scope of this specification.  
1.3 Specifications for connectors for use with pipe meeting the requirements of this specification are given in Annex A1.  
1.4 This specification excludes crosslinked polyethylene-aluminum-crosslinked polyethylene pipes (see Specification F1281).  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7800/D7800M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Elemental Sulfur in Natural Gas

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Elemental sulfur impacts the quality of pipeline natural gas and deposits on pipeline flanges, fittings and valves, thereby impacting their performance. Natural gas suppliers and distributers require a standardized test method for measuring elemental sulfur. Some government regulators are also interested in measuring elemental sulfur since it would provide a means for assessing the contribution of elemental sulfur in pipelines to the SOx emission inventory from burning of gaseous fuels. Use of this method in concert with sulfur gas laboratory test methods such as Test Methods D4084, D4468, D5504, and D6228 or on-line methods such as D7165 or D7166 can provide users with a comprehensive sulfur compound profile for natural gas or other gaseous fuels. Other applications may include elemental sulfur in particulate deposits such as diesel exhausts.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is primarily for the determination of elemental sulfur in natural gas pipelines, but it may be applied to other gaseous fuel pipelines and applications provided the user has validated its suitability for use. The detection range for elemental sulfur, reported as sulfur, is 0.0018 mg/L to 30 mg/L. The results may also be reported in units of mg/kg or ppm.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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