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ASTM F2524-06(2013)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Content for Formed-in-Place Gaskets (FIPG) Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for Transportation Applications

Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Content for Formed-in-Place Gaskets (FIPG) Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for Transportation Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The quantity of volatile components in FIPG silicone adhesive and sealant by-products can be established by this test method. This test method does not identify the components.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the quantitative determination of the volatile matter evolved during the curing process of silicone adhesives and sealants for transportation applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2013
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
F03 - Gaskets
Drafting Committee
F03.50 - Analytical Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2524-06 - Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Content for Formed-in-Place Gaskets (FIPG) Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for Transportation Applications
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Replaced By
ASTM F2524-06(2020) - Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Content for Formed-in-Place Gaskets (FIPG) Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for Transportation Applications
Effective Date
01-Jan-2020

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ASTM F2524-06(2013) - Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Content for Formed-in-Place Gaskets (FIPG) Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for Transportation ApplicationsASTM F2524-06(2013) - Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Content for Formed-in-Place Gaskets (FIPG) Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for Transportation Applications
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ASTM F2524-06(2013) - Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Content for Formed-in-Place Gaskets (FIPG) Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for Transportation Applications
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2524 − 06 (Reapproved 2013)
Standard Practice for
Determination of Volatile Content for Formed-in-Place
Gaskets (FIPG) Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for
Transportation Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2524; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope upon combination, a coreactant from one part of the adhesive
chemically reacts, at ambient conditions, with a coreactant
1.1 This practice covers the quantitative determination of
from another part of the FIPG.
the volatile matter evolved during the curing process of
3.1.4 radiation-cured FIPG, n—FIPG that contains unre-
silicone adhesives and sealants for transportation applications.
acted monomers or oligomers that are polymerized by expo-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
sure to radiation such as ultraviolet (UV) or microwave.
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Cure conditions and equipment must
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
be specified by FIPG manufacturer and shall be used in place
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of the humidity cure activation. Conditions and equipment
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
shall be detailed in the final report.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.5 volatile content, n—Low molecular weight chemicals,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
left unbound by the cured sealant system, which are released
into the ambient atmosphere.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Summary of Practice
D4230 Test Method of Measuring Humidity with Cooled-
4.1 This practice is used to determine the volatile content of
Surface Condensation (Dew-Point) Hygrometer
silicone adhesives and sealants upon curing for transportation
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
applications.
Ventilation Ovens
3. Terminology 5. Significance and Use
3.1 Definitions: 5.1 The quantity of volatile components in FIPG silicone
3.1.1 FIPG by-products, n—chemicals that are released adhesiveandsealantby-productscanbeestablishedbythistest
during the curing process. method. This test method does not identify the components.
3.1.2 formed-in-place gaskets (FIPG), n— one- or two-
6. Apparatus
component adhesive or sealant applied wet, uncured, to a joint
surface where the mating parts are assembled before the curing
6.1 Humidity Chamber with Temperature Controller—A
process is complete.
forced ventilation oven conforming to the requirements for
3.1.2.1 Discussion—When fully cured, it forms a barrier to
Type IIA in Specification E145 with humidity control capabil-
media migration across the joint.
ity. The oven should be capable of maintaining a temperature
of 40 6 1°C.
3.1.3 multicomponent FIPG, n—FIPG that is packaged in
6.1.1 TheovenshallbeequippedwithaNationalInstituteof
two or more parts, which are combined before application, and
Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable calibrated ther-
mometer or thermocouple.
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F03 on Gaskets and
6.1.2 The oven temperature shall be controlled by an
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F03.50 on Analytical Test Methods.
accurate, reliable thermoregulator, maintaining the set point
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
within 61.0°C or better.
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as F2524 – 06. DOI:
10.1520/F2524-06R13.
6.1.3 The inside of the oven shall be free of contamination
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
or surface deposits. Stainless steel oven liner should be used to
contact ASTM Customer
...

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ASTM F2524-06(2020)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of Volatile Content for Formed-in-Place Gaskets (FIPG) Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for Transportation Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The quantity of volatile components in FIPG silicone adhesive and sealant by-products can be established by this test method. This test method does not identify the components.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the quantitative determination of the volatile matter evolved during the curing process of silicone adhesives and sealants for transportation applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
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Standard Practice for Measuring Static Sealing Pressure Using Pressure-Indicating Film (PIF) in Transportation Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is a screening tool and should be used in conjunction with other more accurate real-time load-measuring techniques.  
5.2 This practice covers the use of PIF, which is available in several load ranges. This practice also covers the use of a manual or automatic scanning device to read indicated load.  
5.3 Limitations include those applications in which the PIF may be kinked, twisted, or buckled. PIF does not withstand elevated temperature, low temperature, or fluid aging and does not take into account any relaxation of bolts, gasket materials, or flange twisting, as it provides only the maximum attained pressure.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard means for measuring initial static sealing pressure in transportation applications.  
1.2 It uses a pressure-indicating film (PIF) that will record the maximum load imprint of the seal-to-flange interfaces. The imprints will vary in intensity based on load across and along the interface.  
1.3 These imprints can be used to determine if initial load on the gasket is adequate to attain a seal. These imprints may also indicate correct bolt torque sequence. These imprints may also be used to determine if the mating surface waviness or local flatness meets gasket requirements. Roughness is rarely found by PIFs because peak-to-peak wavelengths are too short. PIF is very good at finding waviness (peak to peak > 2.5 mm) and local flatness dips. PIFs provide an approximation of maximum pressures, and do not take into account relaxation of the joint after the torque sequence. Other methods involving dynamic measurement should be used if flange loading after relaxation is desired.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM F2468-05(2019)(Classification)
Standard Classification for Specifying Silicone Adhesives and Sealants for Transportation Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this classification system is to provide a method of adequately identifying silicone adhesives and sealants through the use of a line call-out designation.  
4.2 This classification system was designed to permit the addition of property values for future silicone adhesives and sealants.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers silicone adhesives and sealants intended for but not limited to sealing and retaining metallic and nonmetallic component assemblies in transportation applications. The materials cure to an elastomeric state by their specified cure system and mechanism.
Note 1: The classification system may serve many of the needs of industries using silicone materials. This classification is subject to revision, as the need requires; therefore, the latest revision should always be used.  
1.2 This classification is intended to be a means of classifying silicone materials. It is not intended for engineering design purposes.  
1.3 It is not the intent of this classification to include pressure-sensitive or hot-melt adhesives.  
1.4 In all cases in which the provisions of this classification system would conflict with the referenced ASTM standard for a particular method, the latter shall take precedence.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM D3981-09a(2024)e1(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polyethylene Films Made from Medium-Density Polyethylene for General Use and Packaging Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, sheet or tubular, medium-density polyethylene films intended for general uses and packaging applications. The film shall be made from homopolymer polyethylene, copolymer polyethylene commonly referred to as low-pressure polyethylene, or blends of homopolymers and copolymers that include ethylene/vinyl-acetate copolymers. The specimens shall be conditioned before testing in the standard laboratory temperature. Tests shall be conducted to determine the physical properties of the specimens which shall conform to the following physical requirements: secant modulus or stiffness; kinetic coefficient of friction; optical properties such as clarity, gloss, and haze; surface treatment level or wetting tension; impact resistance; tensile strength and elongation at break; heat sealability; and odor level.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported, sheet or tubular, medium-density polyethylene films (hereafter referred to as film or films) from resins having densities in the range from 926.0 to 938.0 kg/m3 (0.926 to 0.938 g/cm3), inclusive, as measured on molded plaques.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer polyethylene but is not restricted to it.  
1.3 This specification is also applicable to films made from copolymer polyethylene commonly referred to in industry as low-pressure polyethylene.  
1.4 This specification is also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, including ethylene/vinyl-acetate copolymers.  
1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled polyethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long as all the requirements of this specification are met and as long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer and end user are also met (see Note 1).  
Note 1: Guide D7209 contains terminology and definitions relating to recycled plastics.  
1.6 Special care must be exercised if this specification is applied to colored or pigmented films. This specification does not address specific problems associated with coloring, such as, quantity and quality of pigment dispersion, optical properties, and increase in density. These and other areas must be taken into account by mutual agreement between the supplier and the purchaser.  
1.7 The thickness of the films covered by this specification range from 25 to 100 μm (0.001 to 0.004 in.), inclusive. The maximum width of the sheet or lay-flat is 3.05 m (120 in.).  
1.8 This specification does not cover oriented heat-shrinkable films.  
1.9 This specification defines the levels of various physical properties from which specifications for specific films are to be described. The levels of physical properties required by a film for a given application are selected from Section 6 and the corresponding tables. However, Sections 7.2 – 7.5 relating to tolerances shall apply without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by the title and 1.1 – 1.4.  
1.10 This specification covers dimensional tolerances, classification, intrinsic quality requirements, and test methods. The dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces, and finishes. The intrinsic quality requirements include density, workmanship, impact strength, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as well as the classification properties for stiffness, coefficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A sampling method is included.  
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.  
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Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a guide for the evaluation of shipping units in accordance with a uniform system, using established test methods at levels representative of those occurring in actual distribution. The recommended test levels are based on available information on the shipping and handling environment, and current industry/government practice and experience (1-13).6 The tests should be performed sequentially on the same containers in the order given. For use as a performance test, this practice requires that the shipping unit tested remain unopened until the sequence of tests are completed. If used for other purposes, such as package development, it may be useful to open and inspect shipping units at various times throughout the sequence. This may, however, prohibit evaluating the influence of the container closure on container performance.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a uniform basis of evaluating, in a laboratory, the ability of shipping units to withstand the distribution environment. This is accomplished by subjecting them to a test plan consisting of a sequence of anticipated hazard elements encountered in various distribution cycles. This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures.  
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ASTM D999-08(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Shipping containers are exposed to complex dynamic stresses when subjected to vibration present in all transportation vehicles. Approximating the actual damage, or lack of damage, experienced in shipping may require subjecting the container(s) and contents to vibration inputs.  
4.2 Resonant responses during shipment can be severe and may lead to package or product failure. Identification of critical frequencies, and the nature of package stresses can aid in minimizing the effect of these occurrences.  
4.3 Vibration tests should be based on representative field data. When possible, the confidence level may be improved by comparing laboratory test results with actual field shipment data. It is highly recommended that one understand the most common failures to one’s products and packaging in distribution, and then attempt to replicate those failures in the laboratory. Once such replication is established, then that test can become the minimum necessary test for future packaged products to pass.  
4.4 Exposure to vibration can affect the shipping container, its interior packaging, means of closure, and contents. These tests allow analysis of the interaction of these components. Design modification to one or more of these components may be utilized to achieve optimum performance in the shipping environment.  
4.5 Methods A1 and A2, Repetitive Shock Tests,  are suitable for tests of individual containers that are transported unrestrained on the bed of a vehicle and may be suitable for tests of containers that might be subjected to repetitive shocks due to magnification of vibrations in unit loads or stacks.
Note 1: Methods A1 and A2 produce different vibration motions, and therefore, will generate different forces which may result in different damage modes and intensities. Results from these two methods may not correlate with one another.  
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SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover vibration tests of filled shipping containers. Such tests may be used to assess the performance of a container, with its interior packing and means of closure, both in terms of its strength and of the protection it provides its contents when it is subjected to vibration such as it experiences in transportation. These procedures are suitable for testing containers of any form, material, kind, design of interior packing, means of closure, and any size and weight. They are not intended for determining the response of products to vibration for product design purposes, nor are they intended for tests of products in their operational configuration as other more suitable procedures are available for these purposes.2,3  
1.2 The following methods appear:
Method A1—Repetitive Shock Test (Vertical Motion).
Method A2—Repetitive Shock Test (Rotary Motion).
Method B—Single Container Resonance Test.
Method C—Palletized Load, Unitized Load, or Vertical
Stack Resonance Test.  
1.3 For testing of intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) containing liquid hazardous materials, refer to Test Method D7387.  
1.4 These test methods fulfill the requirements of International Organization for Standardization standards ISO 8318 and ISO 2247. The ISO standards may not meet the requirements for these methods.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.  
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ASTM F1929-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Detecting Seal Leaks in Porous Medical Packaging by Dye Penetration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Harmful biological or particulate contaminants may enter the medical package through leaks. These leaks are frequently found at seals between package components of the same or dissimilar materials. Leaks may also result from a pinhole in the packaging material.  
4.2 It is the objective of this test method to visually observe the presence of channel defects by the leakage of dye through them.  
4.3 This dye penetrant procedure is applicable only to individual leaks in a package seal. The presence of a number of small leaks, as found in porous packaging material, which could be detected by other techniques, will not be indicated.  
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4.5 These procedures are suitable to verify and locate leakage sites. They are not quantitative. No indication of leak size can be inferred from these tests. The methods are usually employed as a pass/fail test.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method defines materials and procedures that will detect and locate a leak equal to or greater than a channel formed by a 50 µm (0.002 in.) wire in package edge seals formed between a transparent material and a porous sheet material. A dye penetrant solution is applied locally to the seal edge to be tested for leaks. After contact with the dye penetrant for a specified time, the package is visually inspected for dye penetration.  
1.2 Three dye application methods are covered in this test method: injection, edge dip, and eyedropper.  
1.3 These test methods are intended for use on packages with edge seals formed between a transparent material and a porous sheet material. The test methods are limited to porous materials which can retain the dye penetrant solution and prevent it from discoloring the seal area for a minimum of 5 seconds. Uncoated papers are especially susceptible to leakage and must be evaluated carefully for use with each test method.  
1.4 These test methods require that the dye penetrant solution have good contrast to the opaque packaging material.  
1.5 The values are stated in International System of Units (SI units) and English units. Either is to be regarded as standard.  
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ASTM D5814-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determination of Contamination in Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) Flakes and Chips Using a Plaque Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Presence of paper, metal, or incompatible polymer contamination in poly(ethylene terephthalate) renders the recycled polymer unfit for use in secondary product manufacturing operations. This procedure is useful for identifying different types of contamination in recycled PET flakes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers an indication of the quality of recycled transparent poly(ethylene terephthalate) by examination of a wafer or plaque formed by melting a representative sample and quenching it to prevent crystallization.  
1.2 Specific contaminants and impurities such as aluminum particles, dirt particles, paper, and fibers are identified in the transparent wafer. This method is only limited to contamination observable through visual methods. If there are low levels (0–200 ppm) of certain types of contamination, which are transparent and partially/wholly miscible with PET, they will not be apparent through this method.  
1.3 The overall color of the plaque is indicative of oxidizable contaminants such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) glue residue and the number of bubbles present in the plaque gives an indication of the moisture content of the sample.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F392/F392M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Conditioning Flexible Barrier Materials for Flex Durability

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is valuable in determining the resistance of flexible packaging materials to flex-formed pinholes. Conditioning levels A, B, or C are typically used. Reference Practice E171 and Guide F2097.  
5.2 Conditions D and E are typically used for determining the effect of flexing on barrier properties and transmission rates related to gas and/or moisture.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers conditioning of flexible barrier materials for the determination of flex resistance. Subsequent testing can be performed to determine the effects of flexing on material properties. These tests are beyond the scope of this practice.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification provides a standard means for testing and measuring the performance characteristics of printed, pressure-sensitive adhesive labels for containers, particularly containers to be used in extreme distribution environments (for example, hazardous materials labels, aerospace, military containers). For the purposes of this specification, an extreme distribution environment is one in which it can be reasonably expected to experience direct exposure to deteriorating chemicals, weather, elevated/cold temperatures, and other environmental and physical elements for an extended period of time. This specification includes standard laboratory test methods to simulate exposure to various conditions and measure associated degradation of required performance characteristics. The data from these methods can be used as acceptance criteria between a supplier and customer. This specification covers the physical properties of the labels, as well as workmanship, finish and appearance, acceptance criteria, testing procedures, reporting of all the steps taken, certification, and preparation for delivery.
SCOPE
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1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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