ASTM D5442-17

Standard Test Method for Analysis of Petroleum Waxes by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The determination of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes and the normal and non-normal hydrocarbons in each can be used for control of production processes as well as a guide to performance in many end uses.  
5.2 Data resulting from this test method are particularly useful in evaluating petroleum waxes for use in rubber formulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes in the range from n-C17 through n-C44 by gas chromatography using internal standardization. In addition, the content of normal and non-normal hydrocarbons for each carbon number is also determined. Material with a carbon number above n -C44 is determined by its difference from 100 % by mass and reported as C45+.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum derived waxes, including blends of waxes. This test method is not applicable to oxygenated waxes, such as synthetic polyethylene glycols (for example, Carbowax2), or natural products such as beeswax or carnauba.  
1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to waxes with oil content greater than 10 % as determined by Test Method D721.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2017
• ICS: 75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.04.0H - Chromatographic Distribution Methods

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5442 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Analysis of Petroleum Waxes by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5442; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D721 Test Method for Oil Content of Petroleum Waxes
of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes in the
range from n-C through n-C by gas chromatography using D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
17 44
Analytical Standards
internal standardization. In addition, the content of normal and
non-normal hydrocarbons for each carbon number is also D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic
Response Factors
determined. Material with a carbon number above n -C is
44
determined by its difference from 100 % by mass and reported E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
as C .
45+
ships
1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum derived
waxes, including blends of waxes. This test method is not
3. Terminology
applicable to oxygenated waxes, such as synthetic polyethyl-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2
eneglycols(forexample,Carbowax ),ornaturalproductssuch
3.1.1 carbon number—a number corresponding to the num-
as beeswax or carnauba.
ber of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon.
1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to waxes with
3.1.2 cool on-column injection—a sample introduction tech-
oil content greater than 10 % as determined by Test Method
nique in gas chromatography where the sample is injected
D721.
inside the front portion of a partition column at a temperature
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as at or below the boiling point of the most volatile component in
the sample.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.1.3 low volume connector—a metal or glass union de-
signed to connect two lengths of capillary tubing. Usually
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
designed so that the tubing ends are joined with a minimum of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
either dead volume or overlap between them.
responsibility of the user of this standard to consult and
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
3.1.4 non(normal paraffın)hydrocarbon (NON)— all other
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
hydrocarbon types excluding those hydrocarbons with carbon
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
atoms in a single length. Includes aromatics, naphthenes, and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
branched hydrocarbon types.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.5 normal paraffın—a saturated hydrocarbon which has
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
all carbon atoms bonded in a single length, without branching
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
or hydrocarbon rings.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.6 wall coated open tube (WCOT)—a term used to
specify capillary columns in which the stationary phase is
coated on the interior surface of the glass or fused silica tube.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Stationary phase may be cross-linked or bonded after coating.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.04.0H on Chromatographic Distribution Methods.
3
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5442 – 93(2013). DOI: contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
10.1520/D5442-17. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
Carbowax is a registered trademark of Union Carbide Corp. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5442 − 17
TABLE 1 Typical Operating Conditions
within 0.1 min. Refer to Practices E260 and E355 for general
Column length (m): 25 30 15 information on gas chromatography.
Column inside 0.32 0.53 0.25
diameter (mm): 6.2 Sample Introduction System—Any system capable of
Stationary phase: DB
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5442 − 93 (Reapproved 2013) D5442 − 17
Standard Test Method for
1
Analysis of Petroleum Waxes by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5442; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the carbon number distribution of petroleum waxes in the range
from n-C through n-C by gas chromatography using internal standardization. In addition, the content of normal and non-normal
17 44
hydrocarbons for each carbon number is also determined. Material with a carbon number above n -C is determined by its
44
difference from 100 100 % by mass % and reported as C .
45+
1.2 This test method is applicable to petroleum derived waxes, including blends of waxes. This test method is not applicable
2
to oxygenated waxes, such as synthetic polyethylene glycols (for example, Carbowax ), or natural products such as beeswax or
carnauba.
1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to waxes with oil content greater than 10 % as determined by Test Method D721.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D721 Test Method for Oil Content of Petroleum Waxes
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D4626 Practice for Calculation of Gas Chromatographic Response Factors
E260 Practice for Packed Column Gas Chromatography
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 carbon number—a number corresponding to the number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon.
3.1.2 cool on-column injection—a sample introduction technique in gas chromatography where the sample is injected inside the
front portion of a partition column at a temperature at or below the boiling point of the most volatile component in the sample.
3.1.3 low volume connector—a metal or glass union designed to connect two lengths of capillary tubing. Usually designed so
that the tubing ends are joined with a minimum of either dead volume or overlap between them.
3.1.4 non(normal paraffın)hydrocarbon (NON)— all other hydrocarbon types excluding those hydrocarbons with carbon atoms
in a single length. Includes aromatics, naphthenes, and branched hydrocarbon types.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0H on Chromatographic Distribution Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013June 1, 2017. Published August 2013July 2017. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20082013 as
D5442 – 93(2008).(2013). DOI: 10.1520/D5442-93R13.10.1520/D5442-17.
2
Carbowax is a registered trademark of Union Carbide Corp.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5442 − 17
TABLE 1 Typical Operating Conditions
Column length (m): 25 30 15
Column inside 0.32 0.53 0.25
diameter (mm):
Stationary phase: DB-1 RTX-1 DB-5
methyl silicone methyl silicone 5 % phenyl methyl
silicone
Film thickness (μm): 0.25 0.25 0.25
Carrier gas: Helium Helium Helium
Carrier flo
...