ASTM D1912-00(2016)e1

Standard Test Method for Cold-Crack Resistance of Upholstery Leather

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The results are reproducible5 and correlate with the cold impact test6 and also correlate with actual practice conditions.7 A comparison of the significance of this test method with other test methods has also been made.5
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 covers the measurement of the cold-crack resistance on all types of upholstery leathers, but especially in the field of automotive upholstery.3 This test method does not apply to wet blue.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2016
• ICS: 59.140.30 - Leather and furs
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.05 - Upholstery

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: D1912 − 00 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Cold-Crack Resistance of Upholstery Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1912; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The adjunct information in footnote 4 was updated editorially in January 2021.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 In this test method, the cold-crack resistance of uphol-
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cold-
stery leather is measured by means of a mechanically-applied
crack resistance on all types of upholstery leathers, but
pressure to a cone-shaped specimen of leather after both the
especially in the field of automotive upholstery. This test
specimen and the pressure-device have been conditioned in a
method does not apply to wet blue.
carefully controlled cold cabinet. Both the specimen and the
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
machine remain in the cold cabinet during testing.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
for information only.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5
4.1 Theresultsarereproducible andcorrelatewiththecold
6 7
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
impacttest andalsocorrelatewithactualpracticeconditions.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Acomparisonofthesignificanceofthistestmethodwithother
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
test methods has also been made.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Apparatus
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4,8
5.1 Greuel Rotary Cold-Fold Test Machine, as shown in
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Fig. 1 and consisting of two tangential knurled rollers driven
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
by a chain drive.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.2 Steel Die or Other Shearing Device.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5.3 Cold Cabinet, capable of maintaining temperatures
2. Referenced Documents
from−50 to+20°F (−45 to−6°C) within 61°F (0.5°C) and
flexibleenoughsothattemperaturescanbeadjustedeasilyand
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts:
quickly in 5° increments.
Greuel rotary cold-fold test machine (14 drawings, 1 list)
5.4 Specimen Racks, constructed so that the specimens may
be suspended in the air by attachment at point C with a paper
1 clip (see Fig. 2).
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD31onLeather
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.05 on Upholstery. This
5.5 Pliers-Type Stapler.
standard was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1912–00 (2010).
DOI: 10.1520/D1912-00R16E01.
2 5
Sometimes referred to as the Greuel Cold-Fold Test in Upholstery Group Good reproducibility is evidenced by correlation tests conducted by the
literature. Upholstery Leather Group Technical Committee in April 1956 and reported by
Inthepast,cold-crackresistancehasbeenmeasuredbyvariousmethodswhich Fopma, R. J., “Study of Cold-Crack Test for Upholstery Leathers,” The Journal of
were evaluated by the Upholstery Group Technical Committee in April 1957, and the American Leather Chemists’ Association, Vol LIV, No. 4, April 1959, p. 194.
the Cold-Fold Test was adopted as a standard test in the industry. The method has ALCA Test Method E42, Provisional, April 1953.
been adopted by the following groups: Upholstery Group Technical Committee, Tanners’ Council of America files,
The Upholstery Leather Group, Tanners’ Council of America. “CorrelationofCold-FoldversusColdImpactTestsversusActualCushionTesting.”
Fisher Body Division of General Motors Corp., Specification No. 29.1, dated The sole source of supply of the test machine known to the committee at this
April 12, 1957. time is Aim Tool and Die, 14324 172nd St., Grand Haven, MI 49417. If you are
Detailed drawings of this machine are available at a nominal cost from:ASTM aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM Headquar-
InternationalHeadquarters.OrderAdjun
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D1912 − 00 (Reapproved 2016) D1912 − 00 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Cold-Crack Resistance of Upholstery Leather
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1912; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—The adjunct information in footnote 4 was updated editorially in January 2021.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the cold-crack resistance on all types of upholstery leathers, but especially in
the field of automotive upholstery. This test method does not apply to wet blue.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts:
Greuel rotary cold-fold test machine (14 drawings, 1 list)
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 In this test method, the cold-crack resistance of upholstery leather is measured by means of a mechanically-applied pressure
to a cone-shaped specimen of leather after both the specimen and the pressure-device have been conditioned in a carefully
controlled cold cabinet. Both the specimen and the machine remain in the cold cabinet during testing.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D31 on Leather and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.05 on Upholstery. This standard
was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1912–00 (2010). DOI:
10.1520/D1912-00R16.10.1520/D1912-00R16E01.
Sometimes referred to as the Greuel Cold-Fold Test in Upholstery Group literature.
In the past, cold-crack resistance has been measured by various methods which were evaluated by the Upholstery Group Technical Committee in April 1957, and the
Cold-Fold Test was adopted as a standard test in the industry. The method has been adopted by the following groups:
The Upholstery Leather Group, Tanners’ Council of America.
Fisher Body Division of General Motors Corp., Specification No. 29.1, dated April 12, 1957.
Detailed drawings of this machine are available at a nominal cost from: ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD1912ADJD1912-E-PDF. Original
adjunct produced in 1957. Adjunct updated in 2021 to digital format.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D1912 − 00 (2016)
4. Significance and Use
5 6 7
4.1 The results are reproducible and correlate with the cold impact test and also correlate with actual practice conditions. A
comparison of the significance of this test method with other test methods has also been made.
5. Apparatus
4,8
5.1 Greuel Rotary Cold-Fold Test Machine, as shown in Fig. 1 and consisting of two tangential knurled rollers driven by a chain
drive.
5.2 Steel Die or Other Shearing Device.
5.3 Cold Cabinet, capable of maintaining temperatures from −50 to +20°F (−45 to −6°C) within 61°F (0.5°C) and flexible enough
so that temperatures can be adjusted easily and quickly in 5° increments.
5.4 Specimen Racks, constructed so that the specimens may be suspended in the air by attachment at point C with a paper clip
(see Fig. 2).
5.5 Pliers-Type Stapler.
5.6 Temperature Indicator, with a range from −50 to +20°F (−45 to −6°C) and an accuracy of 61°F (0.5°C) for measuring the
temperature of the area adjacent to the specimens in the cabinet.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The specimen shall be cut with a die or other shearing device to a size shown in Fig. 2(a). The specimen m
...