ASTM D2974-07a
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used to determine the moisture content, ash content, and percent organic matter in soil.
The percent organic matter is important in the following: (1) classifying peat or other organic soil, (2) geotechnical and general classification purposes, and (3) when peats are being evaluated as a fuel
Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of moisture content, ash content, and organic matter in peats and other organic soils, such as organic clays, silts, and mucks.
1.1.1 Method A moisture is determined by drying peat or organic sample at 105 °C.
1.1.2 Method B Alternative moisture method which removes the total moisture in two steps: (1) evaporation of moisture at room temperature, (2) subsequent oven drying of air dried sample at 105 °C.
1.1.3 Method C Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample is determined by igniting oven dried sample from moisture content determination in a muffle furnace at 440 °C.
1.1.4 Method D Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample is determined by igniting oven dried sample from moisture content determination in a muffle furnace at 750 °C.
1.2 This test method should be used for geotechnical and general classification. In addition, the test method should be used when peats are being evaluated for use as a fuel.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Use Practice D 6026 for determining significant digits to report.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D2974 − 07a
StandardTest Methods for
Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other
1
Organic Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
Fluids
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of moisture
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
content, ash content, and organic matter in peats and other
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
organic soils, such as organic clays, silts, and mucks.
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.1.1 Method A – moisture is determined by drying peat or
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
organic sample at 105 °C.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
1.1.2 Method B – Alternative moisture method which re-
Construction Materials Testing
moves the total moisture in two steps: (1) evaporation of
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
moisture at room temperature, (2) subsequent oven drying of
Data
air dried sample at 105 °C.
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
1.1.3 Method C – Ash content of a peat or organic soil
Ventilation Ovens
sample is determined by igniting oven dried sample from
moisture content determination in a muffle furnace at 440 °C.
3. Terminology
1.1.4 Method D – Ash content of a peat or organic soil
3.1 Definitions:
sample is determined by igniting oven dried sample from
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
moisture content determination in a muffle furnace at 750 °C.
to Terminology D653.
1.2 This test method should be used for geotechnical and
4. Summary of Test Methods
general classification. In addition, the test method should be
used when peats are being evaluated for use as a fuel.
4.1 Test Method A—Moistureisdeterminedbydryingapeat
or organic soil sample at 105°C. The moisture content is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
expressed either as a percent of the oven dry mass or of the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
as-received mass.
standard. Use Practice D6026 for determining significant digits
to report.
4.2 Test Method B—This is an alternative moisture method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the which removes the total moisture in two steps: ( 1) evaporation
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the of moisture in air at room temperature (air-drying), and (2) the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- subsequent oven drying of the air-dried sample at 105°C. This
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- method provides a more stable sample, the air-dried sample,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. when tests for nitrogen, pH, cation exchange, and the like are
to be made.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 Test Methods C and D—Ash content of a peat or organic
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: soil sample is determined by igniting the oven-dried sample
from the moisture content determination in a muffle furnace at
440°C (Method C) or 750°C (Method D). The substance
remainingafterignitionistheash.Theashcontentisexpressed
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a as a percentage of the mass of the oven-dried sample.
Medium for Plant Growth.
4.4 Organic matter is determined by subtracting percent ash
Current edition approved March 15, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2974 – 07. DOI: content from one hundred.
10.1520/D2974-07A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 5. Significance and Use
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1 This test method can be used to determine the moisture
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. content, ash content, and percent organic matter in soil.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2974 − 07a
5.2 The percent organic matter is important in the follow- 8.1.1.3 Cover immediately with the aluminum foil cover
ing: (1) classifying peat or other organic soil, (2) geotechnical and record the mass to the nearest 0.01 g.
a
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 2974–00 Designation: D 2974 – 07a
Standard Test Methods for
Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other
1
Organic Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ϵ) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of moisture content, ash content, and organic matter in peats and other organic
soils, such as organic clays, silts, and mucks.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3
1.1.1 Method A – moisture is determined by drying peat or organic sample at 105 °C.
1.1.2 Method B – Alternative moisture method which removes the total moisture in two steps: (1) evaporation of moisture at
room temperature, (2) subsequent oven drying of air dried sample at 105 °C.
1.1.3 Method C – Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample is determined by igniting oven dried sample from moisture
content determination in a muffle furnace at 440 °C.
1.1.4 Method D – Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample is determined by igniting oven dried sample from moisture
content determination in a muffle furnace at 750 °C.
1.2 Thistestmethodshouldbeusedforgeotechnicalandgeneralclassification.Inaddition,thetestmethodshouldbeusedwhen
peats are being evaluated for use as a fuel.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Use Practice D 6026 D6026for determining significant digits to report.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Rock, Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D3740 PracticefortheEvaluationofMinimumRequirementsforAgenciesEngagedintheTestingand/orInspectionofSoiland
Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
2
D4753 StandardSpecificationsforEvaluating,Selecting,andSpecifyingBalancesandScalesforUseinSoilandRockTesting
Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
E145 Specification for Gravity Convection and Forced Ventilation Ovens Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
Ventilation Ovens
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D 653D653.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Medium
for Plant Growth.
Current edition approvedAugust 10, 2000. Published November 2000. Originally published as D 2974–71. Last previous edition D 2974–87 (1995).on Soil and Rock and
are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.06 on Physical-Chemical Interactions of Soil and Rock.
Current edition approved March 15, 2007. Published May 2007. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D 2974 – 07.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 2974 – 07a
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 Test Method A—Moisture is determined by drying a peat or organic soil sample at 105°C.The moisture content is expressed
either as a percent of the oven dry mass or of the as-received mass.
4.2 Test Method B—This is an alternative moisture method which removes the total moisture in two steps: ( 1) evaporation of
moisture in air at room temperature (air-drying), and (2) the subsequent oven drying of the air-dried sample at 105°C.This method
provides a more stable
...
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