ASTM D2974-13
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
Standard Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other Organic Soils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine the moisture content, ash content, and percent organic matter in soil.
5.2 The percent organic matter is important in the following: (1) classifying peat or other organic soil, (2) geotechnical and general classification purposes, and (3) when peats are being evaluated as a fuel.Note 1—The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of moisture content, ash content, and organic matter in peats and other organic soils, such as organic clays, silts, and mucks. Test Method D2216 provides an alternative method for determining moisture content in mineral soils and rock.
1.1.1 Test Method A—Moisture is determined by drying peat or organic sample at 110 ± 5°C.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Alternative moisture method which removes the total moisture in two steps: (1) evaporation of moisture at room temperature, (2) subsequent oven drying of air dried sample at 110 ± 5°C. This method is used when the peat is to be used as fuel.
1.1.3 Test Method C—Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample, for general purposes, is determined by igniting oven dried sample from moisture content determination in a furnace at 440 ± 40°C.
1.1.4 Test Method D—Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample, for materials used for fuel, is determined by igniting oven dried sample from moisture content determination in a furnace at 750 ± 38°C.
1.2 Test Method A should be used for general classification, except for use of the peat as a fuel. Test Method B should be used when peats are being evaluated for use as a fuel
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Use Practice D6026 for determining significant digits to report.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This test method offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this test method may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved though the ASTM consensus process.
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Designation: D2974 − 13
StandardTest Methods for
Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other
1
Organic Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* replace education or experience and should be used in con-
junction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this test
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of moisture
method may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM
content, ash content, and organic matter in peats and other
standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of
organic soils, such as organic clays, silts, and mucks. Test
care by which the adequacy of a given professional service
Method D2216 provides an alternative method for determining
must be judged, nor should this document be applied without
moisture content in mineral soils and rock.
consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word
1.1.1 Test Method A—Moistureisdeterminedbydryingpeat
“Standard” in the title of this document means only that the
or organic sample at 110 6 5°C.
document has been approved though the ASTM consensus
1.1.2 Test Method B—Alternative moisture method which
process.
removes the total moisture in two steps: (1) evaporation of
moisture at room temperature, (2) subsequent oven drying of
2. Referenced Documents
air dried sample at 110 6 5°C. This method is used when the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
peat is to be used as fuel.
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
1.1.3 Test Method C—Ash content of a peat or organic soil
Fluids
sample, for general purposes, is determined by igniting oven
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water
dried sample from moisture content determination in a furnace
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
at 440 6 40°C.
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.1.4 Test Method D—Ash content of a peat or organic soil
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
sample, for materials used for fuel, is determined by igniting
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
oven dried sample from moisture content determination in a
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-
furnace at 750 6 38°C.
ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and
1.2 Test MethodAshould be used for general classification,
Construction Materials Testing
except for use of the peat as a fuel. Test Method B should be
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical
used when peats are being evaluated for use as a fuel
Data
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Ventilation Ovens
standard. Use Practice D6026 for determining significant digits
to report. 3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to Terminology D653.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4. Summary of Test Methods
1.5 This test method offers a set of instructions for perform-
4.1 Test Method A—Moisture is determined by drying a peat
ing one or more specific operations. This document cannot
or organic soil sample at 110 6 5°C. The moisture content is
expressed as a percent of the oven dry mass.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil
and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a
2
Medium for Plant Growth. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2013.PublishedJuly2013.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2974 – 07a. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
D2974-13. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D2974 − 13
4.2 Test Method B—This is an alternative moisture method 7.2 Reduce the sample to the quantity required for a test
which removes the total moisture in two steps: (1) evaporation specimen by quartering.
of moisture in ai
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2974 − 07a D2974 − 13
Standard Test Methods for
Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matter of Peat and Other
1
Organic Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2974; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of moisture content, ash content, and organic matter in peats and other organic
soils, such as organic clays, silts, and mucks. Test Method D2216 provides an alternative method for determining moisture content
in mineral soils and rock.
1.1.1 Test Method A—Method A – moisture Moisture is determined by drying peat or organic sample at 105 °C.110 6 5°C.
1.1.2 Test Method B—Method B – Alternative moisture method which removes the total moisture in two steps: (1)(1)
evaporation of moisture at room temperature, (2)(2) subsequent oven drying of air dried sample at 105 °C. 110 6 5°C. This method
is used when the peat is to be used as fuel.
1.1.3 Test Method C—Method C – Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample sample, for general purposes, is determined by
igniting oven dried sample from moisture content determination in a muffle furnace at 440 °C.6 40°C.
1.1.4 Test Method D—Method D – Ash content of a peat or organic soil sample sample, for materials used for fuel, is determined
by igniting oven dried sample from moisture content determination in a muffle furnace at 750 °C.6 38°C.
1.2 This test methodTest Method A should be used for geotechnical and general classification. In addition, the test method
general classification, except for use of the peat as a fuel. Test Method B should be used when peats are being evaluated for use
as a fuel.fuel
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Use Practice D6026 for determining significant digits to report.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.5 This test method offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this test method may be
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the
adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s
many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved though
the ASTM consensus process.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
D2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
D6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Soil as a Medium
for Plant Growth.
Current edition approved March 15, 2007June 1, 2013. Published May 2007July 2013. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as
D2974 – 07.D2974 – 07a. DOI: 10.1520/D2974-07A.10.1520/D2974-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2974 − 13
E145 Specification for Gravity-Convecti
...
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