ASTM D71-94(2015)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)
Standard Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing pitches and asphalts as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative density by water displacement of hard pitches and asphalts with softening points above 70 °C.
1.2 The relative density of hard pitch and asphalt shall be determined, whenever possible, on homogeneous natural fragments free of cracks. The use of cast cubes is not recommended due to the difficulty of avoiding incorporation of air bubbles.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation: D71 − 94 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D71; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—SI unit formatting was corrected editorially in May 2015.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative 4.1 The sample is suspended from a thin wire and weighed,
density by water displacement of hard pitches and asphalts first in air, then submerged in water at 25.0 °C. The relative
with softening points above 70 °C. density is calculated from these masses.
1.2 The relative density of hard pitch and asphalt shall be
5. Significance and Use
determined, whenever possible, on homogeneous natural frag-
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing pitches and
mentsfreeofcracks.Theuseofcastcubesisnotrecommended
asphaltsasoneelementinestablishinguniformityofshipments
due to the difficulty of avoiding incorporation of air bubbles.
and sources of supply.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
6. Apparatus
standard.
6.1 Pan Straddle, suitable for use with an analytical bal-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ance.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
6.2 Analytical Balance, equipped with a hook above the pan
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and capable of weighing a 20 g specimen to 1 mg.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.3 Water Bath, maintained at 25.0 °C 6 0.2 °C and pro-
vided with mechanical stirring/circulation.
2. Referenced Documents
6.4 Thermometer, capable of measuring water temperature
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of 25.0 °C 6 0.2 °C (or other suitable temperature measuring
D61 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-
instrument).
Water Method)
6.5 Nichrome Wire, 0.127 mm diameter or monofilament
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
nylon fishing line of about the same diameter for attaching
D4296 Practice for Sampling Pitch
specimen to the balance pan hook.
3. Terminology
7. Bulk Sampling
3.1 Definitions:
7.1 Samples from shipments shall be taken in accordance
3.1.1 relative density—the ratio of a given volume of
with Practice D140 or Practice D4296, and shall be free of
materialat25 °Ctothemassofanequalvolumeofwateratthe
foreign substances. Thoroughly mix the sample before remov-
same temperature (specific gravity).
ing a representative portion for the determination.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
8. Test Specimens
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
SubcommitteeD02.05onPropertiesofFuels,PetroleumCokeandCarbonMaterial.
8.1 Select two fragments of the bulk sample weighing
Current edition approved April 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally
between 5 g and 20 g each. Inspect the fragments carefully to
approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D71 – 94(2009). DOI:
ensure the use of specimens free of cracks and other surface
10.1520/D0071-94R15E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or defects.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
8.2 If the nature of the material is such that specimens can
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. be cast without incorporation of air bubbles, follow the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D71 − 94 (2015)
preparation and casting directions in Test Method D61. Cube 9.3 Repeat the determination with the second test specimen.
molds measuring a minimum of 12.7
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D71 − 94 (Reapproved 2009) D71 − 94 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Relative Density of Solid Pitch and Asphalt (Displacement
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D71; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—SI unit formatting was corrected editorially in May 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of relative density by water displacement of hard pitches and asphalts with
softening points above 70°C.70 °C.
1.2 The relative density of hard pitch and asphalt shall be determined, whenever possible, on homogeneous natural fragments
free of cracks. The use of cast cubes is not recommended due to the difficulty of avoiding incorporation of air bubbles.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D61 Test Method for Softening Point of Pitches (Cube-in-Water Method)
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
D4296 Practice for Sampling Pitch
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 relative density—the ratio of a given volume of material at 25°C25 °C to the weightmass of an equal volume of water at
the same temperature (specific gravity).
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample is suspended from a thin wire and weighed, first in air, then submerged in water at 25.0°C.25.0 °C. The relative
density is calculated from these weights.masses.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing pitches and asphalts as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and
sources of supply.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Pan Straddle, suitable for use with an analytical balance.
6.2 Analytical Balance, equipped with a hook above the pan and capable of weighing a 20-g20 g specimen to 1 mg.1 mg.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.05 on Properties of Fuels, Petroleum Coke and Carbon Material.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009April 1, 2015. Published November 2009May 2015. Originally approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
D71–94(2004).D71 – 94(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D0071-94R09.10.1520/D0071-94R15E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D71 − 94 (2015)
6.3 Water Bath, maintained at 25.025.0 °C 6 0.2°C0.2 °C and provided with mechanical stirring/circulation.
6.4 Thermometer, capable of measuring water temperature of 25.025.0 °C 6 0.2°C0.2 °C (or other suitable temperature
measuring instrument).
6.5 Nichrome Wire, 0.127-mm (5-mL) 0.127 mm diameter or monofilament nylon fishing line of about the same diameter for
attaching specimen to the balance pan hook.
7. Bulk Sampling
7.1 Samples from shipments shall be taken in accordance with Practice D140 or Practice D4296, and shall be free of foreign
substances. Thoroughly mix the sample before removing a representative portion for the determination.
8. Test Specimens
8.1 Select two fragments of the bulk sample weighing between 55 g and 20 g 20 g each. Inspect the fragments carefully to
ensure the use of specimens free of cracks and other surface defects.
8.2 If the nature of the material is such that specimens can be cast without incorporation of air bubbles, follow the preparation
and casting directions in Test Method D61. Cube molds
...
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