ASTM C827-95A(1997)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious Mixtures
Standard Test Method for Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens of Cementitious Mixtures
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
e1
Designation: C 827 – 95a (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Test Method for
Change in Height at Early Ages of Cylindrical Specimens
from Cementitious Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 827; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Section 13, Keywords was added editorially in July 1997.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the determination of change in 2.1 ASTM Standards:
height of cylindrical specimens from the time of casting until C 109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
the mixture is hard. If desired, this test method can be adapted Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube
to studies of changes in height involving different time Specimens)
schedules or other environmental treatment from the standard C 143 Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Con-
procedures prescribed by this test method. crete
1.2 This test method covers height change measurements at C 191 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce-
early ages for cementitious mixtures of paste, grout, mortar, ment by Vicat Needle
and concrete. C 192 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Speci-
1.3 Use of this test method is suggested for determination of mens in the Laboratory
changes in height that occur from the time of placement until C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
the specimen is fully hard. These include shrinkage or expan- Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
sion due to hydration, settlement, evaporation, and other C 403 Test Method for Time of Setting of Concrete Mix-
physical and chemical effects. tures by Penetration Resistance
1.4 The phrase “early age change in height” as used herein, C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
is defined as the measured increase or decrease in height of a for Test Methods for Construction Materials
laterally confined cylindrical test specimen from the time of C 807 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic Ce-
casting to when the mixture becomes hard. The user may want ment Mortar by Modified Vicat Needle
to define this age as the time when a companion specimen of C 939 Test Method for Flow of Grout for Preplaced-
the same batch has reached the time of final setting by Test Aggregate Concrete (Flow Cone Method)
Method C 191 (paste), C 953 (mortar or grout), C 403 C 953 Test Method for Time of Setting of Grouts for
(concrete), or establish a predetermined age in minutes from Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
the time the specimen is cast as the defined age to record the
3. Significance and Use
final measurement. Changes in height are measured and
3.1 This test method affords a means for comparing the
expressed as a positive or negative change in the height of a
test specimen that is restrained from lateral movement. relative shrinkage or expansion of cementitious mixtures. It is
particularly applicable to grouting, patching, and form-filling
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. operations where the objective is to completely fill a cavity or
other defined space with a freshly mixed cementitious mixture
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the that will continue to fill the same space at time of hardening. It
would be appropriate to use this test method as a basis for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- prescribing mixtures having restricted or specified volume
change before the mixture becomes hard.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 This test method can be used for research purposes to
provide information on volume changes taking place in cemen-
titious mixtures between the time just after mixing and the time
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concrete
and Concrete Aggregates,and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.68on
Volume Change.
Current edition approved April 15, 1995. Published July 1995. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
published as C 827 – 75 T. Last previous edition C 827 – 95. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 827
of hardening. However, the specimen used in this test method a vertical black line 2 mm (or ⁄16 in.) wide, centered and
is not completely unrestrained so that the measurements are running the complete length of the chart, and a horizontal black
primarily useful for comparative purposes rather than as line 1 mm (or ⁄32 in.) in width midway on the chart, identified
absolute values. Further, the degree of restraint to which the as the zero (0) or starting line. The vertical line shall have 2
specimen is subjected varies with the viscosity and degree of mm (or ⁄16 in.) horizontal graduations above and below the
hardening of the mixture. zero line on its entire length. A means for attaching this chart
vertically and firmly to a distant wall shall be provided.
4. Apparatus (see Fig. 1)
4.5 Molds—The molds for the test specimens shall be rigid,
watertight, have a smooth interior surface, and may be made of
4.1 Projected Light Source—The projected light source
steel, cast iron, or other nonabsorbent material nonreactive
shall consist of a lamp and a condensing lens and be of
with the cementitious mixture being tested. The molds shall be
sufficient intensity to adequately project a light beam on a wall
of a cylindrical shape with internal height twice the internal
about 5 m (or 15 ft) from the light source. Heat from the light
diameter. Three sizes of molds are used in this method with
source should not be directed toward the test specimen.
heights of 100, 150, 300 mm (or 4, 6, 12 in.).
4.2 Indicator Ball—The indicator ball shall be a spherical
4.6 Rods—Two straight, steel tamping rods: one 10 mm (or
ball of nonabsorptive material with a density that is 55 6 5%
3 1
of the density of the cementitious mixture being tested (Note ⁄8 in.) in diameter and approximately 300 mm (or ⁄2 in.) in
length and the other 16 mm (or ⁄8 in.) in diameter and
1). The diameter shall not be more than 16 mm (or ⁄8 in.) nor
less than 6 mm (or ⁄4 in.). The indicator ball shall be composed approximately 600 mm (or 24 in.) in length shall be used, for
grout and mortar, or concrete respectively.
of materials that have no reaction with the cementitious
mixture during the test period.
5. Test Specimens
NOTE 1—A density of approximately 1.2 mg/m has been found
5.1 Unless otherwise specified, two test specimens shall be
appropriate for most uses of this test method.
prepared from each batch and tested simultaneously using
4.3 Magnifying Lens System—The magnifying lens system
duplicate test apparatus. For cement pastes, grouts, and mortars
shall cause the image of the indicator ball produced by the
where all the aggregate will pass through a 4.75-mm (No. 4)
projected light source to be cast on the indicating chart about
sieve, the cylinder mold height shall be 100 mm (or 4 in.). For
5 m (or 15 ft) away at a magnification of 90–1103. The system
cementitious mixtures containing aggregate that will not all
shall be able to be mounted so as not to touch the test specimen
pass through a 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, but which will all pass
when a test is in progress (see Note 2). A separate magnifying
the 12.5-mm ( ⁄2-in.) sieve, the cylinder mold height shall be
lens system will be required for each specimen tested simul-
150 mm (or 6 in.). For concrete mixtures having particles
taneously.
retained on the 12.5 mm ( ⁄2-in.) sieve or larger, the cylinder
NOTE 2—One magnifying lens system that has been found acceptable mold height shall be 300 mm (or 12 in.).
consists of two lenses: a projection and a relay lens enclosed in a sealed
tube. In this system, the relay lens is located nearest the test specimen and
6. Calibration
has a focal length of 50.8 mm (or 2 in.) and is located approximately 114.3
6.1 General—Provision should be made for minimizing any
mm (or 4 ⁄2 in.) from the indicator ball. The projection lens has a focal
5 sources of light not required for the tests. Locate the test
length of 41.4 mm (or 1 ⁄8 in.), and relative aperture of f1.6 and is 133.1
mm (or 5 ⁄4 in.) from the relay lens. equipment and specimens on a surface substantially free of
vibration during the test. If desired, use a single projected light
4.4 Indicating Charts—These charts shall be composed of
source for both test specimens with duplicate magnifying lens
stiff material approximately 600 mm (or 24 in.) high by 250
systems and indicating charts.
mm (or 10 in.) wide. The chart shall have a white surface with
6.2 Apparatus Calibration—Calibrate the entire apparatus
prior to the start of each test. Darken the laboratory, illuminate
the projected light source, and locate the dummy test speci-
A 11-mm ( ⁄16-in.) nylon plastic indicator ball has been found acceptable for
mens (preferably hardened test specimens) in the light beam
most tests and is available from U.S. Plastics Corp., 1390 Neubrecht Rd., Lima, OH
before each of the magnifying lens systems. Adjust the location
45801.
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Early Change in Height
C 827
of each test specimen until a sharp, clear image of the indicator by the slump test in accordance with the applicable portions of
ball is produced on the indicating chart. Then reposition the Test Method C 143, and unless otherwise specified, use suffi-
indicating chart so that the indicating ball image falls on the cient mixing water to produce a slump of 90 6 15 mm (or 3 ⁄2
zero line. Place a steel rod of known diameter (see Note 3) 6 ⁄2 in.).
horizontally on top of each indicator ball and record the height
8. Molding Specimens
of the image it produces on its respec
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