ASTM A413/A413M-07(2012)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain
Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Chain
ABSTRACT
This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting. The three classes of carbon steel chains covered here include Grade 30 (proof coil chain), Grade 43 (high test chain), and Grade 70 (transport chain). The dimensional requirements of the chain with respect to the appropriate grade and size are presented. The mechanical testing requirements for the steel includes, proof testing, breaking force testing, and elongation testing. One test for breaking strength and elongation shall be made from each lot. The elongation and breaking force tests may be performed at the same time on the same test specimen.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting. Note 1—This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for sprocket applications.
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain.
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain.
1.3 The Grade designation is 1/10 of the minimum breaking strength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.
1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A413/A413M −07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Specification for
Carbon Steel Chain
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA413/A413M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* been found by testing to break when a constantly increasing
force is applied in direct tension.
1.1 This specification covers carbon steel chain for such
3.1.1.1 Discussion—This test is a manufacturer’s attribute
applications as railroad cars, construction, industrial uses, load
acceptance test and shall not be used as criteria for service.
binding, and general purposes other than overhead lifting.
3.1.2 lot, n—forthepurposeofacceptancetesting,alotshall
NOTE 1—This specification does not cover carbon steel chain for
consist of 3000 ft [1000 m], or fraction thereof, of the same
sprocket applications.
grade and size chain. If a continuous length of chain exceeds
1.2 Three classes of carbon steel chain are covered:
3000 ft [1000 m], it shall also be considered a lot.
1.2.1 Grade 30—Proof coil chain.
3.1.3 proof test, n—quality control tensile test applied to
1.2.2 Grade 43—High test chain.
1.2.3 Grade 70—Transport chain. chain for the purpose of verifying weld and material quality.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—It is the minimum force in pounds or
1.3 The Grade designation is ⁄10 of the minimum breaking
newtons which the chain has withstood at the time it left the
strength in newtons divided by two times the nominal cross-
producer, under a test in which a constantly increasing force
sectional area of the chain in square millimetres.
has been applied in direct tension to a straight length of chain.
1.4 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in
Proof test loads are a manufacturing integrity test and shall not
otherunitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevalues
be used as criteria for service or design purposes.
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore,
3.1.4 working load limit (WLL), n—maximum combined
each system must be used independently of the other, without
static and dynamic load in pounds or kilograms that shall be
combining values in any way.
applied in direct tension to an undamaged straight length of
chain.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4. Ordering Information
A29/A29MSpecification for Steel Bars, Carbon and Alloy,
Hot-Wrought, General Requirements for
4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify
A751Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
all requirements that are necessary for material ordered under
cal Analysis of Steel Products
this specification. Such requirements may include, but are not
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
limited to, the following:
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
4.1.1 Product to conform to Specification A413 or A413M
and date of issue,
3. Terminology
4.1.2 Grade of chain,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4.1.3 Nominal size of chain (in. or mm),
3.1.1 breaking force, minimum, n—minimum force in
4.1.4 Quantity of chain (ft or m),
poundsornewtonsatwhichthechain,duringmanufacture,has
4.1.5 Length of each piece, if required,
4.1.6 Finish, if required,
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
4.1.7 Certification of test(s), if required, and
Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.27 on Steel Chain. 4.1.8 Acceptance of inspection by purchaser, if required.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
approved in 1957. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as A413/A413M–07.
5. Material Requirements
DOI: 10.1520/A0413_A0413M-07R12.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.1 Heat Analysis—The selection of the steel is left to the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
judgment of the individual chain manufacturer provided the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. steel meets the following criteria:
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A413/A413M−07 (2012)
loss of chain integrity. Links or chain segments that do not
Carbon, max, % 0.370
Phosphorus, max, % 0.048
withstand the proof test load shall be removed from the chain.
Sulfur, max, % 0.058
9.2 Breaking Force—Thebreakingforcetestspecimenshall
5.2 Product Analysis—The steel used may be analyzed by
consist of a length from the lot containing at least the number
the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of 5.1
of links in Table 4.All chain that is heat treated shall be in the
subject to the product analysis tolerances specified in Specifi-
quenched and tempered condition before the breaking force is
cation A29/A29M.Test samples may be taken from rods, bars,
measured.
or finished chain. Samples for analysis shall be so taken as to
9.2.1 Fixtures for securing chain in a testing machine shall
represent the full cross section of the specimen.
be properly designed to support securely the shoulder of the
5.3 TestMethods,Practices,andTerminologyA751shallbe
link (see Note 2). The opening in the fixture shall not be more
used for referee purposes.
than 125% of the stock diameter being tested. Links engaged
in the testing fixture shall not be considered part of the test
6. Manufacture
specimen.
6.1 Welding Process—Carbon steel chain may be made by
NOTE 2—“U” bolts of the same or larger diameter and the same or
the forge welding, electric welding, or gas welding process.
greater strength may be used to secure the chain to the jaws of the testing
6.2 Heat Treatment—Grades 30 and 43 do not require heat
machine.
treatment, but may be heat treated at the manufacturer’s
9.2.2 Test specimens shall meet or exceed the minimum
discretion. Grade 70, after welding, shall be heat treated. Heat
breaking force values given in Tables 1-3 for the appropriate
treatment shall include quenching and tempering as described
grade and size chain.
in Terminology A941.
9.3 Elongation:
7. Dimensional Requirements
9.3.1 Allchainwhichisheattreated(see6.2)mustbeinthe
quenched and tempered condition before the elongation is
7.1 The chain shall conform to the dimensional require-
measured.
mentsspecifiedinTables1-3fortheappropriategradeandsize
chain. 9.3.2 The elongation test specimen shall consist of a length
from the lot containing at least the number of links in Table 4.
7.2 Diameter—The diameter of the material from which the
9.3.3 A positive load not exceeding 10% of the proof test
chain is manufactured shall not be smaller than the material
shall be applied for determining the original gage length
diameter listed in Tables 1-3 within the following tolerance:
(L{0}).
−7%. Oversized material may be used for all applications.
9.3.4 The elongation shall be based on the total extension at
8. Finish
fracture. This is expressed as a percentage of the change in
length (∆ L) divided by the original gage length (L{0}). The
8.1 The manufacturer may apply a surface treatment or
elongation may be determined by the equation below or by
finish of their own choice for identification or corrosion
autographic recorder or side scale.
resistance unless the customer specifies otherwise.The surface
treatment or finish shall not alter the chain in a manner that
Elongation % 5 ∆L/L 0 3100
~ ! $ $ %%
would cause the chain to not meet the other provisions of this
where:
standard.
∆L = test specimen final length at fracture – test specimen
original gage length ( L{0}), and
9. Mechanical Requirements
L{0} = originalgagelength(sumortheinsidelengthsofthe
9.1 Proof Test—Allchainshallbetestedtoatleasttheproof
test chain links, not counting the fixture links, or as
loadprescribedinTables1-3fo
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