iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM D441-86(2002)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal

Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative friability of a particular size of sized coal. It affords a means of measuring the liability of coal to break into smaller pieces when subjected to repeated handling at the mine or subsequently, by the distributor or by the consumer. This test method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals in respect to friability rather than for determining values within narrow limits to emphasize their dissimilarity. This test method also may serve to indicate the relative extent to which sized coals will suffer size degradation in certain mechanical feed devices. This test method may be used for differentiating between certain ranks and grades of coal, and therefore the test method is of service for coal classification purposes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
25-Sep-1986
ICS
73.040 - Coals
Technical Committee
D05 - Coal and Coke
Drafting Committee
D05.07 - Physical Characteristics of Coal
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D441-86(1994)e1 - Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal
Effective Date
26-Sep-1986
Replaced By
ASTM D441-07 - Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal
Effective Date
01-Oct-2007

Buy Standard

ASTM D441-86(2002) - Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for CoalASTM D441-86(2002) - Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM D441-86(2002) - Standard Test Method of Tumbler Test for Coal
English language
4 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D441–86(Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method of
1
Tumbler Test for Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D441; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
1. Scope and 7 ⁄4 in. in depth, inside measurements, such as is used for
pulverizing coal samples for analysis. The jar shall be fitted
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftherelative
inside an iron frame with lifting shelves constructed as shown
friabilityofaparticularsizeofsizedcoal.Itaffordsameansof
1
inFig.1.Thetworings, a,shallbe7 ⁄8in.(181mm)inoutside
measuring the liability of coal to break into smaller pieces
3 1
diameterandshallbemadeof ⁄4-by ⁄8-in.(19-by3-mm)iron.
when subjected to repeated handling at the mine or subse-
1 3 1
The three ledges or shelves, b,6 ⁄2 by ⁄4 by ⁄8 in. (165 by 19
quently,bythedistributororbytheconsumer.Thistestmethod
by 3 mm), shall be attached radially to the rings by means of
is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals in respect
small brackets, c, the ends of the shelves being flush with the
to friability rather than for determining values within narrow
outer edges of the rings. The shelves shall be attached so that
limits to emphasize their dissimilarity. This test method also
5
there will be ⁄8-in. (15.9-mm) clearance between their outer
may serve to indicate the relative extent to which sized coals
edgeandtheoutsideofthering.Rivets,notbolts,shallbeused
will suffer size degradation in certain mechanical feed devices.
in constructing the frame. As the jars available commercially
This test method may be used for differentiating between
are not of absolutely uniform size, the measurements of the
certain ranks and grades of coal, and therefore the test method
framemaybeslightlyvariedtosuitindividualcases.Theframe
is of service for coal classification purposes.
shall be fixed inside the jar by means of wedges between the
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded
ringsandtheinsidewallofthejarsothatitsaxisshallcoincide
as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
as nearly as possible with the axis of the jar, and so that the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
framewillrotatewiththejar.Thejarshallbeclosedbyaset-in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
porcelain lid resting upon a heavy rubber gasket and sealed
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tightly according to the customary procedure with such jars,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
that is, by means of a bolt working against the lid. The bolt
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
shall be set in a crossbar, the ends of which shall be held by a
2. Referenced Documents metal strip which fits around the body of the jar. For tumbling,
thejarshallbelaidinahorizontalpositioninasuitablesupport
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
or rack and rotated about its cylindrical axis at the rate of 40
D410 Method of Sieve Analysis of Coal
rpm. The assembled apparatus is illustrated in Fig. 2.
E11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-
3
4.2 Optional Iron Jar Tumbler—An iron jar may be substi-
poses
tuted for the porcelain jar specified in 4.1, provided it has
1
3. Significance and Use
approximatelythesameinternaldimensions,namely,7 ⁄4in.in
1
diameter by 7 ⁄4 in. in depth. A jar constructed of cast iron is
3.1 This test method is a measure of the resistance of the
recommended, and the interior machined to the required
coal to breakage upon impact and abrasion as the coal rubs
internal dimensions. For making it sufficiently light for lifting,
together and against the walls of the transportation vehicle.
1
the jar may have a wall thickness of not less than ⁄4 in. (6.35
4. Apparatus
mm),exceptateachend.Itisrecommendedthatthelid,rubber
gasket, and the metal strip that passes from the bottom up the
4.1 Porcelain Jar Tumbler, consisting of a cylindrical por-
1
outsideofthejartoserveinholdinginplacethecrossbarabove
celainjarofuniformdimensions,7 ⁄4in.(184mm)indiameter
thelid,besimilarindesignwiththosefortheporcelainjar.The
wall of the iron jar for a distance of approximately 1 in. (25.4
1
1
This method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and
mm) from the top shall have a thickness of at least ⁄2 in. (12.7
Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.07 on Physical
mm) to correspond with that of the porcelain jar; and in order
Characteristics of Coal.
that the metal strip may fit evenly, the lower inch of the wall
Current edition approved Sept. 26, 1986. Published Nove
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM D720/D720M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Free-Swelling Index of Coal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method, in addition to indicating the caking properties of a coal when burned as a fuel, can be used to give a broad indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 is a small-scale, empirical test for obtaining information regarding the free-swelling properties of a coal. The results may be used as an indication of the caking characteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel. This test is not recommended as a method for the determination of expansion of coals in coke ovens.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5263-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining the Relative Degree of Oxidation in Bituminous Coal by Alkali Extraction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a relative measure of the degree of oxidation present in coal. It does not determine the quantitative amount of oxidized coal present. It is only intended to serve as a guide to the supplier, buyer, and user for selecting coals for metallurgical use.
Note 1: Lower rank bituminous coals are more easily extracted than higher rank coal.
SCOPE
1.1 This colorimetric test method describes the determination of the relative degree of oxidation by alkali extraction of coals that are high volatile A bituminous to low volatile bituminous in rank.  
1.2 This test cannot be sensitive to thermally oxidized coal. It is intended for coals that may be oxidized as a result of weathering.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2799-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Composition of Coal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The volume fraction of physical components of coal is used as an aid in coal seam correlation and in the characterization of coals for their use in carbonization, gasification, liquefaction, and combustion processes.  
5.2 This test method is for use in scientific and industrial research, not compliance or referee tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the equipment and techniques used for determining the physical composition of a coal sample in terms of volume fraction of the organic components and of mineral matter, if desired by systematic manual point count.  
1.2 The term weight is temporarily used in this test method because of established trade usage. The word is used to mean both force and mass and care must be taken to determine which is meant in each case (the SI unit for force is newton and for mass, kilogram).  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D6414-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Total Mercury in Coal and Coal Combustion Residues by Acid Extraction or Wet Oxidation/Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The emission of mercury during coal combustion can be an environmental concern.  
5.2 When representative test specimens are analyzed according to one of these procedures, the total mercury is representative of concentrations in the sample.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures to determine the total mercury content in a sample of coal or coal combustion residue.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 Warning:   Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D7430/D7430M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Mechanical Sampling of Coal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 It is intended that this practice be used to provide a sample representative of the coal from which it is collected. Because of the variability of coal and the wide variety of mechanical sampling equipment available, caution should be used in all stages of the sample collection process, the design of sampling system specifications, the equipment procurement, and the acceptance testing of installed equipment.  
6.2 After removal from the sampling system and further preparation (Practice D2013/D2013M), the sample may be analyzed for a number of different parameters. These parameters may define the lot's value, its ability to meet specifications, its environmental impact, as well as other properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is divided into four parts: A, B, C, and D. These four parts represent the previous Practices D7256/D7256M, D4916, D4702, and D6518. These four standards are the four that govern the mechanical sampling of coal and have been combined into one document for the ease of reference of the users of these standards.  
1.2 The scope of Part A can be found in Section 4.  
1.3 The scope of Part B can be found in Section 13.  
1.4 The scope of Part C can be found in Section 19.  
1.5 The scope of Part D can be found in Section 32.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 7, 16, 21, 35, and 38.1.1.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    47 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    47 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4596-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Collection of Channel Samples of Coal in a Mine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A properly collected face channel sample that includes the total coal bed interval provides a sample that is a representative cross section of the coal bed at the point of sampling. Channel samples are taken for subsequent testing needed for evaluation of coal quality and characterization for commercial evaluations, for planning of mining operations to maintain coal quality, for the determination of coal rank in accordance with Classification D388, and for geologic coal resource studies.  
Note 1: Because of the potential for lateral variability, a sample may not represent the quality of the coal bed at another sample point. The reliability of the data generated from channel samples is dependent on the number and spacing of the sample points and the variability of the coal characteristics in a given area.
Note 2: Sampling of the mine product for these purposes is unsatisfactory because of contamination of the product with out-of-seam material, selective mining of parts of a seam, inability to obtain samples from one or more specific locations in the mine, or other incompatibility of the purpose of sampling with the mining practice. Conversely, channel samples should not be used for evaluation of the quality of commercial shipments of the mine product, which should be sampled in accordance with Methods D2234/D2234M.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for collecting a coal sample from a channel extending from top to bottom in the face of a coal seam in a mine.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary information, see Note 2.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D5192/D5192M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Collection of Coal Samples from Core

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A properly collected sample that includes the total coal bed interval provides a sample that is a representative cross section of the coal bed at the point of sampling. Core samples are taken for subsequent testing needed for evaluation of coal quality and characterization for commercial evaluations, for planning of mining operations to maintain coal quality, for the determination of coal rank in accordance with Classification D388, and for geologic coal resource studies.  
Note 1: Because of the potential for lateral variability, a sample may not represent the quality of the coal bed at another sample point. The reliability of the data generated from core samples is dependent on the number and spacing of the sample points and the variability of the coal characteristics in a given area.  
5.2 Moisture determined directly from a core sample shall be considered questionable in any core sample because of possible contamination from drilling fluids and groundwater. If a more representative estimate of the inherent moisture content of the core sample (with the exception of certain low-rank coals) is desired, the sample should be analyzed according to Test Method D1412.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for collecting and handling a coal sample from a core recovered from a borehole.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2013/D2013M-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Other standards are used to collect the gross sample: Practice D2234/D2234M allows for one division of the gross sample before crushing. The mass and top size of the gross or divided sample collected by using these guides and practices are usually too large for chemical or physical testing. Practice D2013/D2013M provides instructions for reducing and dividing the gross or divided sample, by on-line or off-line processes, or both, to a top size and mass suitable to the performance of testing. Any bias in the gross or divided sample before adherence to this practice will remain in the final sample resulting from use of this practice. Therefore, carefully select the standard to be used to collect the gross sample.  
5.2 Division and reduction of a sample may occur at more than one location. Most often, the sample is collected, reduced, and divided (one or more times) by use of a mechanical sampling system. The remaining sample may be further divided on-site to facilitate transporting it to the laboratory where further reduction and division likely occurs before analysis.  
5.3 In places, this practice requires air drying the sample before subsequent reduction. Procedures for air drying and air-dry loss determination are provided in Test Method D3302/D3302M.  
5.4 Most often, samples are reduced and divided to an analysis sample. However, some tests may require a sample of different mass or top size. This procedure may be used to provide a sample of any mass and size consist from the gross or divided sample to, and including, the analysis sample.  
5.5 This practice also specifies how to prepare composite samples, if required.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers the reduction and division of gross or divided samples, and the preparation of composite samples, up to and including the individual portions for laboratory analysis.  
1.2 Reduction and division procedures are prescribed for coals of the following groups:  
1.2.1 Group A includes coals that have been cleaned in all sizes.  
1.2.2 Group B includes all other coals. Unknown coals are to be considered under Group B.  
1.2.3 Group A allows smaller weight laboratory samples to be retained than Group B. These lower weights may be used for particular coals if they have been shown, by using the procedures of A1.2, to give a sample preparation and analysis variance which is no more than 20 % of the total analysis variance.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D2797/D2797M-21a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Microscopical Analysis by Reflected Light

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Briquets of granular bituminous coals and anthracite prepared in accordance with the laboratory procedures of this practice will have flat, scratch-free surfaces suitable for examination with a microscope using reflected light illumination. The polished surfaces of briquettes prepared by this practice will contain particles representative of the original gross sample.  
4.2 Samples prepared by this practice are used for microscopical determination of the reflectance of the organic components in a polished specimen of coal (Test Method D2798) and for microscopical determination of the volume percent of physical components of coal (Test Method D2799).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers laboratory procedures for the preparation of granular samples of bituminous coal and anthracite samples for examination with a microscope using reflected light illumination. It does not apply to the preparation of oriented blocks of coal.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D291/D291M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bulk Density of Crushed Bituminous Coal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method concerns the compaction of crushed coal to determine either its compacted or uncompacted bulk density, for purposes such as charging coke ovens.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the bulk density of crushed coal less than 37.5 mm [1.5 in.] in size, such as is charged into coke ovens, as follows:  
1.1.1 Procedure A—The cone procedure for determining an uncompacted bulk density.
1.1.1.1 Standard Method—Procedure employs the use of a 115 mm [4.5 in.] chute opening and a measuring box having dimensions of 305 mm x 305 mm x 305 mm [12.0 in. x 12.0 in. x 12.0 in.].
1.1.1.2 Alternate Method—Procedure employs the use of a 203 mm [8.0 in.] chute opening and a measuring box having dimensions of 203 mm x 203 mm x 305 mm [8.0 in. x 8.0 in. x 12.0 in.] for coals with a total moisture greater than 7 %.  
1.1.2 Procedure B—The dropped-coal procedure for determining a compacted bulk density, comparable to actual bulk densities attained in coke ovens.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to the testing of powdered coal as used in boiler plants, nor to the determination of the bulk density of coal in storage piles.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off