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ASTM D3123-98(1999)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding Compounds

Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding Compounds

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the spiral flow of thermosetting molding compounds (soft or very soft) designed for molding pressures under 6.9 MPa (1000 psi). It is especially suited for those compounds that may be used for encapsulation or other low pressure molding techniques. Textile-reinforced compounds should not be tested using this test method. It involves the use of a standard spiral flow mold in a transfer molding press under specified conditions of applied temperature and pressure with a controlled charge mass.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Note 1-There is no equivalent ISO standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-1999
ICS
83.140.99 - Other rubber and plastics products
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.30 - Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D3123-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding Compounds
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5592-94(2018) - Standard Guide for Material Properties Needed in Engineering Design Using Plastics
Effective Date
10-Nov-1999
Referred By
ASTM D1896/D1896M-10(2017) - Standard Practice for Transfer Molding Test Specimens of Thermosetting Compounds
Effective Date
10-Nov-1999

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ASTM D3123-98(1999)e1 - Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding CompoundsASTM D3123-98(1999)e1 - Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding Compounds
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ASTM D3123-98(1999)e1 - Standard Test Method for Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding Compounds
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
e1
Designation:D3123–98 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Spiral Flow of Low-Pressure Thermosetting Molding
Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3123; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorially replaced reference to Practice D 1898 with Practice E 105 in April 2000.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the 4.1 The spiral flow of a thermosetting molding compound is
spiral flow of thermosetting molding compounds (soft or very a measure of the combined characteristics of fusion under
soft)designedformoldingpressuresunder6.9MPa(1000psi). pressure, melt viscosity, and gelation rate under specific
Itisespeciallysuitedforthosecompoundsthatmaybeusedfor conditions.
encapsulation or other low pressure molding techniques. 4.2 This test method is useful as a quality control test and as
Textile-reinforced compounds should not be tested using this an acceptance criterion.
test method. It involves the use of a standard spiral flow mold 4.3 This test method, by itself, is not a valid means for
in a transfer molding press under specified conditions of comparing the moldability of similar or different molding
applied temperature and pressure with a controlled charge compounds because it cannot duplicate actual conditions
mass. prevalent in different types of production molds.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.4 This test method is presently intended for use at a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the transferpressureof6.9MPa(1000psi)andamoldtemperature
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- of 423 6 3 K ((150 6 3°C) (302 6 5°F)).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Transfer Molding Press with a minimum 150 by
NOTE 1—There is no equivalent ISO standard.
150-mm (6 by 6-in.) platen area, transfer piston pressure
potentially greater than 6.9 MPa (1000 psi), sufficient clamp
2. Referenced Documents
pressure to prevent flashing, and a minimum plunger speed of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
25.4 mm (1 in.)/s without load. The plunger should be
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
equipped with at least one peripheral sealing groove. It is
D 958 Practice for Determining Temperatures of Standard
recommendedthatapotdiameterbetween31.75and44.45mm
ASTM Molds for Test Specimens of Plastics
(1.25 and 1.75 in.) be used whenever a choice is possible.
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
NOTE 2—Preliminary evidence indicates that, in many cases, reason-
3. Terminology
able correlations may be achieved between laboratories using presses with
differentpotdiameters.Typicalexamplesarepresseswithpotdiametersof
3.1 Definitions —Definitions in this test method are consis-
31.750, 38.100, and 44.450 mm (1.250, 1.500, and 1.750 in.). However, a
tent with Terminology D 883.
few well-documented cases are recorded where differences in pot diam-
eters, even within this listed range, have caused large differences in
flow-length readings. Therefore, for best interlaboratory correlation it is
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeD20 on Plastics
and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteesD20.30 on Thermal Properties recommended that identical pot diameters be used.
(Section D20.30.08).
5.2 Standard Spiral-Flow Mold shown in Fig. 1 shall be
Current edition approved March 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally
utilized.
published as D 3123 – 72. Last previous edition D 3123 – 94.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6. Materials
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
6.1 Molding Compound:
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
e1
D3123–98 (1999)
FIG. 1 Standard Spiral-Flow Mold
6.1.1 Any thermosetting molding compound with a spiral They shall be stored for a minimum of 24 h at the standard
flow between 762 and 1270 mm (30 and 50 in.) as determined laboratory temperature, before breaking the seal on the con-
at the standard temperature and pressure of this test can be tainer. Care should be taken to preserve the “as-received”
evaluated.
moisture content and tests shall be made as soon as possible
once the container has been opened. Alternative methods of
NOTE 3—Since the only commercially available molds are calibrated in
conditioning samples may be used, provided they are mutually
inches, spiral-flow length will be reported in these units. Conversion to SI
units can readily be made by multiplying the flow length, in inches, by the agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
appropriate conversion factor, 25.4 mm/in.
NOTE 4—There is considerable evidence that the test is usable over a
9. Test Conditions
wider range of flow lengths, but this has not yet been confirmed by
interlaboratory testing. 9.1 Spiral-Flow Mold—The mold shall be clean and free
from any mold-release agents or lubricants. Several prelimi-
6.1.2 Form—The form of the molding compound shall be
nary moldings shall be made with the material to be tested to
loose powder or granules at 296 6 2 K ((23 6 2°C) (73.4 6
purge the helical runner before beginning the test. This
3.6°F)).
procedure is essential when changing from one compound to
NOTE 5—Preforms or pellets may be used if found necessary; however,
another and is recommended as a routine practice.
flow length may be affe
...

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Standard Specification for Polymeric Piles

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the physical and performance requirements for round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications including, by not limited to, marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments. It does not apply to individual polymeric pile products, sheet piles, and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems. Covered here are six types of polymeric piles that are fabricated from materials that may be virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. These types are: Type I, polymeric only; Type II, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of chopped, milled or continuous fiber or mineral; Type III, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of metallic bars, cages, or shapes; Type IV, polymeric with reinforcement in the form of non-metallic bars or cages; Type V, polymeric composite tube with a concrete core; and Type VI, any other polymeric piling meeting the requirements stated herein and not otherwise described by Types I through V. The polymeric tiles shall adhere to specified physical attributes such as size, cross-sectional shape, length, straightness, placement of reinforcement, and surface conditions. The performance requirements which pile specimens shall conform to include creep rupture, serviceability, flexural properties, shear strength, bearing strength, design flexural stiffness, energy absorption, compressive strength, combined stresses, dimensional stability (thermal expansion), hygrothermal cycling, and flame spread index.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses the use of round and rectangular cross-section polymeric piles in axial and lateral load-bearing applications, including but not limited to marine, waterfront, and corrosive environments.  
1.2 This specification is only applicable to individual polymeric pile products. Sheet pile and other mechanically connected polymeric pile products using inter-locking systems, are not part of this specification.  
1.3 The piling products considered herein are characterized by the use of polymers, whereby (1) the pile strength or stiffness requires the inclusion of the polymer, or (2) a minimum of fifty percent (50 %) of the weight or volume is derived from the polymer. The type classifications of polymeric piles described in Section 4 show how they can be reinforced by composite design for increased stiffness or strength.  
1.4 This specification covers polymeric piles fabricated from materials that are virgin, recycled, or both, as long as the finished product meets all of the criteria specified herein. Diverse types and combinations of inorganic filler systems are permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products. Inorganic fillers include such materials as talc, mica, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, etc. Pilings are often placed in service where they will be subjected to continuous damp or wet exposure conditions. Due to concerns of water sensitivity and possible affects on mechanical properties in such service conditions, organic fillers, including lignocellulosic materials such as those made or derived from wood, wood flour, flax shive, rice hulls, wheat straw, and combinations thereof, are not permitted in the manufacturing of polymeric piling products.  
1.5 The values are stated in inch-pound units as these are currently the most common units used by the construction industry.  
1.6 Polymeric piles under this specification are designed using design stresses determined in accordance with Test Methods D6108, D6109, and D6112 and procedures contained within this specification unless otherwise specified.  
1.7 Although in some instances it will be an important component of the pile design, frictional properties are currently beyond the scope of this document.  
1.8 Criteria for design are included as part of this specification for polymeric piles. Certain Types and...

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ASTM
ASTM D7486-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fines and Dust Particles on Plastic Pellets by Wet Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Molding and extruding plastic pellets require dust free, dry pellets to prevent processing problems. Plastic producers try to remove the dust and streamers with dust removal systems prior to packaging and loading. How to accurately measure dust and streamer content in plastic pellets is an important quality control issue.  
5.2 Particle size analysis is used to determine a percentage of particle size distribution from a representative sample of the whole. In terms of size analysis concerning plastic pellets, sieving is used to determine the dust content in the range of 500 to 2000 micron. Test Method D1921, Test Method B, is used to determine this type of particle sizing.  
5.3 After dry sieve analysis, particles smaller than 500 microns need to be analyzed by wet method. A fresh sample shall be used for wet analysis. This test method allows washing down the fines attached to the pellets by electrostatic forces.  
5.4 The wet analysis provides accurate quantification of small to large amounts of fines, negating static effects, and eliminating detrimental effects of mechanical agitation. A wet analysis must be employed to accurately quantify lower PPM dust levels in plastic pellets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the amount of fine particles adhered on plastic pellets or granules in which they are commonly produced and supplied. The lower limit of this test method is restricted only by the porosity of the filter disc used to capture the particle size being quantified.  
1.2 The wet analysis technique allows for separation and collection of statically charged particles by liquid wash and filtration methods. This must be performed under standard laboratory conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.4 This test method describes an essential practice to check the quality of plastics once the production cycle is terminated and to evaluate the performance of pellet cleaning systems or of the special pneumatic conveying systems for the distinct size fractions below 500 micron only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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