ASTM F2026-12
(Specification)Standard Specification for Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polymers for Surgical Implant Applications
Standard Specification for Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polymers for Surgical Implant Applications
ABSTRACT
This specification covers polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer in virgin forms as pellets, powder, and so forth. It provides requirements and associated test methods for these thermoplastics when they are to be used in the manufacture of intracorporeal devices such as surgical implants or components of surgical or dental devices. The PEEK polymer in the scope of this specification is a pure semicrystalline homopolymer consisting of phenylene rings connected by ether (E) and carbonyl (or ketone, K) groups along the polymer chain. Its polymeric structure is defined by the repeating unit EEK. As with any material, some characteristics may be altered by the processing techniques (molding, extrusion, machining, assembly, sterilization, and so forth) required for the production of a specific part or device. Therefore, properties of fabricated forms of these polymers shall be evaluated using appropriate test methods such as US Pharmacopeia test (infrared spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, and total heavy metal content (as lead)), and differential scanning calorimetry. Fabricated forms, material or forms containing colorants, fillers, processing aids, or other additives, as well as polymer blends which contain PEEK, or reclaimed materials, are not covered by this specification. The properties which shall be evaluated are the following: density, tensile strength, elongation, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength. The biocompatibility of PEEK polymers is also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer in virgin forms as supplied by a vendor (pellets, powder, fabricated forms, and so forth). It provides requirements and associated test methods for these thermoplastics when they are to be used in the manufacture of intracorporeal devices such as surgical implants or components of surgical or dental devices.
1.2 The properties included in this specification are those applicable for PEEK polymers only. Indicated properties are for fabricated forms. Materials or forms containing colorants, fillers, processing aids, or other additives, as well as polymer blends which contain PEEK, or reclaimed materials, are not covered by this specification.
1.3 This specification is designed to recommend physical, chemical, and biological test methods to establish a reasonable level of confidence concerning the performance of virgin PEEK polymers for use in medical implant devices.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 When evaluating material in accordance with this specification, hazardous materials, operations, and equipment may be involved. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F2026 −12
StandardSpecification for
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polymers for Surgical Implant
1
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum
Impact Resistance of Plastics
1.1 This specification covers polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
polymer in virgin forms as supplied by a vendor (pellets,
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics
powder, fabricated forms, and so forth). It provides require-
Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
ments and associated test methods for these thermoplastics
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid
when they are to be used in the manufacture of intracorporeal
Plastics
devices such as surgical implants or components of surgical or
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced
dental devices.
and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-
1.2 The properties included in this specification are those
als
applicable for PEEK polymers only. Indicated properties are
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
for fabricated forms. Materials or forms containing colorants,
Gradient Technique
3
fillers, processing aids, or other additives, as well as polymer
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withdrawn 1998)
blends which contain PEEK, or reclaimed materials, are not
D3418 Test Method for Transition Temperatures and En-
covered by this specification.
thalpies of Fusion and Crystallization of Polymers by
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
1.3 This specification is designed to recommend physical,
chemical, and biological test methods to establish a reasonable D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
als
level of confidence concerning the performance of virgin
PEEK polymers for use in medical implant devices. F748 PracticeforSelectingGenericBiologicalTestMethods
for Materials and Devices
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ISO 178 Plastics—Determination of Flexural Properties
standard.
ISO 180 Plastics—Determination of Izod Impact Strength
1.5 When evaluating material in accordance with this
ISO 527 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties—
specification, hazardous materials, operations, and equipment
Part 1: General Principles
may be involved. This standard does not purport to address all
ISO 1183 Plastics—Methods for Determining the Density of
of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Non-cellular Plastics—Part 2: Density Gradient Column
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ISO 10993 Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices, Parts
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1-12
ISO 13485 Medical Devices—Quality Management
2. Referenced Documents
Systems—Requirements for Regulatory Purposes
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2.3 Other Documents:
5
United States Pharmacopeia, Vol. XXI, or latest edition
3. Terminology
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on
Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Subcommittee F04.11 on Polymeric Materials.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally
3
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as F2026 – 10. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/F2026-12. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP), 12601Twinbrook Pkwy., Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD 20852-1790, http://www.usp.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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F2026−12
3.1.1 fabricated forms, n—those items into which the virgin 5.2.1 The infrared spectrum, as used in this specification, is
forms may be converted. These include shapes and forms to identify the specific type of poly aryl ether ketone (PA
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2026 − 10 F2026 − 12
Standard Specification for
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) Polymers for Surgical Implant
1
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer in virgin forms as supplied by a vendor (pellets, powder,
fabricated forms, and so forth). It provides requirements and associated test methods for these thermoplastics when they are to be
used in the manufacture of intracorporeal devices such as surgical implants or components of surgical or dental devices.
1.2 As with any material, some characteristics may be altered by the processing techniques (molding, extrusion, machining,
assembly, sterilization, and so forth) required for the production of a specific part or device. Therefore, properties of fabricated
forms of this polymer should be evaluated using test methods which are appropriate to ensure safety and efficacy as agreed upon
by the vendor, purchaser, and regulating bodies.
1.2 The properties included in this specification are those applicable for PEEK polymers only. Indicated properties are for
fabricated forms. Materials or forms containing colorants, fillers, processing aids, or other additives, as well as polymer blends
which contain PEEK, or reclaimed materials, are not covered by this specification.
1.3 This specification is designed to recommend physical, chemical, and biological test methods to establish a reasonable level
of confidence concerning the performance of virgin PEEK polymers for use in medical implant devices. The properties listed
should be considered in selecting material(s) in accordance with the specific end-use requirements.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 When evaluating material in accordance with this specification, hazardous materials, operations, and equipment may be
involved. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
D256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod Pendulum Impact Resistance of Plastics
D570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D648 Test Method for Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load in the Edgewise Position
D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica
Dilatometer
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D955 Test Method of Measuring Shrinkage from Mold Dimensions of Thermoplastics
D1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.11 on Polymeric Materials.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010Oct. 1, 2012. Published September 2010October 2012. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20082010
as F2026 – 08.F2026 – 10. DOI: 10.1520/F2026-10.10.1520/F2026-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2026 − 12
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
3
D1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics (Withd
...
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