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ASTM D1518-11

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance of Batting Systems Using a Hot Plate

Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance of Batting Systems Using a Hot Plate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The thermal resistance of a batting or batting/fabric system is of considerable importance in determining its suitability for use in fabricating cold weather protective clothing, sleeping bags, and bedding systems. The thermal interchange between man and his environment is, however, an extremely complicated subject which involves many factors in addition to the insulation values of fabrics and battings. Therefore, measured thermal insulation values can only indicate relative merit of a particular material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance, under steady-state conditions, of battings and batting/fabric systems, and other materials within the limits specified in 1.2. It measures the heat transfer from a warm, dry, constant-temperature, horizontal flat-plate up through a layer of the test material to a cool atmosphere and calculates the resistance of the material. The measurements are made under still air conditions (Option #1) or with a horizontal air flow over the specimen (Option #2).
1.2 For practical purposes, this test method is limited to determinations on specimens of battings and layered batting/fabric assemblies having an intrinsic thermal resistance from 0.1 to 1.5 K·m2/W and thicknesses not in excess of 50 mm.
1.3 This test method also provides a method for determining the bulk density of the material, the insulation per unit thickness, and the insulation per unit weight.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2010
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.51 - Conditioning, Chemical and Thermal Properties
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1518-85(2003) - Standard Test Method for Thermal Transmittance of Textile Materials
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Replaced By
ASTM D1518-11a - Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance of Batting Systems Using a Hot Plate
Effective Date
01-Jul-2011
Referred By
ASTM F3340-22 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance of Camping Mattresses Using a Guarded Hot Plate Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Referred By
ASTM F1868-23 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Resistance, Evaporative Resistance, and Total Heat Loss Measurements of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Referred By
ASTM D7984-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Thermal Effusivity of Fabrics Using a Modified Transient Plane Source (MTPS) Instrument
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Referred By
ASTM F1291-22 - Standard Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1518–11
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Resistance of Batting Systems Using a Hot Plate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1518; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This standard replaces D1518-85, Thermal Transmittance of Textile Materials. This standard
provides a method for measuring the thermal resistance (insulation) provided by battings and
batting/fabric systems under still air conditions or an air flow condition. Other hot plate standards
F1868 and ISO 11092 provide a method for measuring the thermal resistance and evaporative
resistance of fabrics and fabric systems.The method for measuring fabric insulation in these standards
is comparable to Option 2:Air Velocity Condition in D1518. These standards can be used to compare
the thermal properties of textile materials. Manikin standards F1291 and F2370 can be used to
measure and compare the thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing systems,
respectively. Manikin standard F1720 can be used to measure the insulation provided by sleeping bag
systems.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal 2.1 ASTM Standards:
resistance, under steady-state conditions, of battings and D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
batting/fabric systems, and other materials within the limits D3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of
specified in 1.2. It measures the heat transfer from a warm, dry, Fabric
constant-temperature, horizontal flat-plate up through a layer F1291 Test Method for Measuring the Thermal Insulation
of the test material to a cool atmosphere and calculates the of Clothing Using a Heated Manikin
resistance of the material. The measurements are made under F1494 Terminology Relating to Protective Clothing
still air conditions (Option #1) or with a horizontal air flow F1720 Test Method for Measuring Thermal Insulation of
over the specimen (Option #2). Sleeping Bags Using a Heated Manikin
1.2 For practical purposes, this test method is limited to F1868 Test Method for Thermal and Evaporative Resis-
determinations on specimens of battings and layered batting/ tance of Clothing Materials Using a Sweating Hot Plate
fabric assemblies having an intrinsic thermal resistance from F2370 Test Method for Measuring the Evaporative Resis-
2
0.1 to 1.5 K·m /W and thicknesses not in excess of 50 mm. tance of Clothing Using a Sweating Manikin
3
1.3 Thistestmethodalsoprovidesamethodfordetermining 2.2 ISO Standards:
the bulk density of the material, the insulation per unit ISO 11092 Textiles–Physiological Effects–Measurement of
thickness, and the insulation per unit weight. Thermal and Water-Vapour Resistance Under Steady-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as State Conditions (Sweating Guarded-Hotplate Test)
standard. ISO 9073-2 Textile—Test Methods for Nonwovens—Part
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety 2: Determination of Thickness
concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
3. Terminology
whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropri-
3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: bulk
ate safety and health practices and determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use. density, clo, thermal resistance, thermal insulation.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning and, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Chemical and Thermal Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originally the ASTM website.
3
published as D1518 – 57 T. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
D1518 – 85(2003). DOI: 10.1520/D1518-11. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1518–11
3.2 For terminology relating to thermal resistance and
insulation see Terminology F1494.
3.3 For terminology relating to textiles see Terminology
D123.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The thermal resistance of a batting or batting/fabric
system is of considerable importance in determining its suit-
ability for
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1518–85(Reapproved 2003) Designation: D1518 – 11
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Transmittance of Textile MaterialsThermal
1
Resistance of Batting Systems Using a Hot Plate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1518; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This standard replaces D1518-85, Thermal Transmittance of Textile Materials. This standard
provides a method for measuring the thermal resistance (insulation) provided by battings and
batting/fabric systems under still air conditions or an air flow condition. Other hot plate standards
F1868 and ISO 11092 provide a method for measuring the thermal resistance and evaporative
resistance of fabrics and fabric systems.The method for measuring fabric insulation in these standards
is comparable to Option 2:Air Velocity Condition in D1518. These standards can be used to compare
the thermal properties of textile materials. Manikin standards F1291 and F2370 can be used to
measure and compare the thermal resistance and evaporative resistance of clothing systems,
respectively. Manikin standard F1720 can be used to measure the insulation provided by sleeping bag
systems.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the determination of the overall thermal transmission coefficients due to the combined action of
conduction, convection, and radiation for dry specimens of textile fabrics, battings, and other materials within the limits specified
in Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thermal resistance, under steady-state conditions, of battings and
batting/fabric systems, and other materials within the limits specified in 1.2. It measures the time rate of heat transfer from a warm,
dry, constant-temperature, horizontal flat-plate up through a layer of the test material to a relatively calm, cool atmosphere. . It
measures the heat transfer from a warm, dry, constant-temperature, horizontal flat-plate up through a layer of the test material to
a cool atmosphere and calculates the resistance of the material. The measurements are made under still air conditions (Option #1)
or with a horizontal air flow over the specimen (Option #2).
1.2 For practical purposes, this test method is limited to determinations on specimens of fabrics, layered fabric assemblies, and
battings having thermal transmittances ( U
For practical purposes, this test method is limited to determinations on specimens of battings and layered
2
2
batting/fabric assemblies having an intrinsic thermal resistance from 0.1 to 1.5 K·m , as defined in 3.1.2) within a range of 0.7 to 14 W/m ·K and
thicknesses not in excess of 50 mm.
1.3The coefficients obtained apply strictly only to the particular specimens tested and for the specified thermal and
environmental conditions of each test. This test method gives values that are valid for comparison under the same conditions of
test, that is, with the specified air velocity, temperature difference between the warm plate and the cool air, and air gap for
measuring cool air temperature.
1.4The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as the standard. Conversion factors, for thermal conductance and
conductivity and thermal resistance and resistivity, to other units in common use are given in Tables 1-5 /W and thicknesses not
in excess of 50 mm.
1.3 This test method also provides a method for determining the bulk density of the material, the insulation per unit thickness,
and the insulation per unit weight.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Chemical Conditioning and
Performance.
Current edition approved July 26, 1985. Published September 1985. Originally published as D1518–57T. Last previous edition D1518–77. DOI: 10.1520/D1518-85R03.on
Conditioning and, Chemical and Thermal Properties.
CurrenteditionapprovedJan.1,2011.PublishedFebruary2011.OriginallypublishedasD1518 – 57 T.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2001asD1518 – 85(2003).DOI:
10.1520/D1518-11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
...

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.
Note 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4970/D4970M-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
5.2 If there is a disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using this test method, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison being based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. A minimum of two parties should take a group of test specimens, which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average test results from the two laboratories should be compared using an acceptable statistical protocol and probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is started. Appropriate statistical disciplines for comparing data must be used when the purchaser and supplier cannot agree. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future results with consideration for the known bias.  
5.3 The pilling of textile fabrics is a very complex property because it is affected by many factors that include type of fiber or blends, fiber dimensions, yarn and fabric construction, and fabric f...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
Note 1: For other methods, if testing the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3512/D3512M, and D3514.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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