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ASTM F3196-17

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Seeking Approval for Extended Visual Line of Sight (EVLOS) or Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) Operations

Standard Practice for Seeking Approval for Extended Visual Line of Sight (EVLOS) or Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) Operations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is written for all sUAS seeking permission to operate EVLOS or BVLOS, or both, in airspace authorized by a CAA.  
4.2 It is assumed that the maximum weight, altitude, and airspeed of an sUAS will be specified by a CAA. However, unless otherwise specified by a nation’s CAA, this practice applies to sUA that:  
4.2.1 Have a maximum takeoff gross weight of less than 55 lb (25 kg), including everything that is on board or otherwise attached to the aircraft, and  
4.2.2 Are remotely piloted (that is, flown without the possibility of direct human intervention from within or on the aircraft).
SCOPE
1.1 Compliance with this practice is recommended as one means of seeking approval from a civil aviation authority (CAA) to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) to fly extended visual line of sight (EVLOS) or beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS), or both. Any regulatory application of this practice to sUAS and other unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) is at the discretion of the appropriate CAA.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Feb-2017
ICS
49.020 - Aircraft and space vehicles in general
Technical Committee
F38 - Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Drafting Committee
F38.02 - Flight Operations
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F3196-18 - Standard Practice for Seeking Approval for Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) Operations
Effective Date
15-Sep-2018
Referred By
ASTM F3341/F3341M-23 - Standard Terminology for Unmanned Aircraft Systems
Effective Date
15-Feb-2017
Referred By
ASTM F3379-20 - Standard Guide for Training for Public Safety Remote Pilot of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Endorsement
Effective Date
15-Feb-2017

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ASTM F3196-17 - Standard Practice for Seeking Approval for Extended Visual Line of Sight (EVLOS) or Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) OperationsASTM F3196-17 - Standard Practice for Seeking Approval for Extended Visual Line of Sight (EVLOS) or Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) Operations
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ASTM F3196-17 - Standard Practice for Seeking Approval for Extended Visual Line of Sight (EVLOS) or Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) Operations
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F3196 − 17
Standard Practice for
Seeking Approval for Extended Visual Line of Sight (EVLOS)
or Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) Small Unmanned
1
Aircraft System (sUAS) Operations
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F2909 Practice for Maintenance and Continued Airworthi-
ness of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
1.1 Compliance with this practice is recommended as one
F2911 Practice for Production Acceptance of Small Un-
means of seeking approval from a civil aviation authority
manned Aircraft System (sUAS)
(CAA) to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) to
F3002 Specification for Design of the Command and Con-
flyextendedvisuallineofsight(EVLOS)orbeyondvisualline
trolSystemforSmallUnmannedAircraftSystems(sUAS)
of sight (BVLOS), or both. Any regulatory application of this
F3003 Specification for Quality Assurance of a Small Un-
practice to sUAS and other unmanned aircraft systems (UASs)
manned Aircraft System (sUAS)
is at the discretion of the appropriate CAA.
F3005 Specification for Batteries for Use in Small Un-
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be
manned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
F3178 Practice for Operational Risk Assessment of Small
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS)
information only and are not considered standard.
F3201 Practice for Ensuring Dependability of Software
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the Used in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 applicant/proponent, n—the person or organization
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
responsible for seeking the approval to operate or the person or
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
organization operating an sUAS, or both. The applicant/
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
proponent may be one of the following entities:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.1.1 manufacturer, n—the person or organization who
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
causes production of a product or article. A manufacturer may
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
also be an operator.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.1.2 operator, n—the person or organization that applies
2
forCAAapprovaltooperateansUASorwhoseeksoperational
2.1 ASTM Standards:
approval for types of flight operations prohibited by a CAAfor
NOTE 1—For requirements in these standards that are specified to be
that sUAS.
adequate,theapplicant/proponentshallproposeandobtainapprovalofthe
specifics of that requirement from the CAA. 3.1.1.3 original equipment manufacturer, OEM, n—the per-
F2908 Specification for Aircraft Flight Manual (AFM) for a son or organization who first produced that particular product
Small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) or article. An OEM may also be an operator.
3.1.2 beyond visual line of sight, BVLOS—operation when
the individual(s) (for example, pilot or VO) responsible for
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F38 on Unmanned
controllingtheflightofthesUAcannotmaintaindirectunaided
Aircraft Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F38.02 on Flight
(other than with the use of spectacles/contacts lenses or
Operations.
sunglasses, or both) visual contact with the sUAother aircraft,
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2017. Published March 2017. DOI: 10.1520/
F3196-17.
terrain, or obstacles to determine whether the sUA endangers
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
life or property or both.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Technological means may be used for
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. determining the sUA’s movement relative to intruding aircraft,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3196 − 17
obstacles, and terrain; observe the airspace for other air traffic 3.1.14 see-and-avoid, v—use of the visu
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this standard practice is to provide the minimum requirements for the conduct of compliance audits.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a minimum set of requirements for an Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Operator Independent Audit Program in compliance with Practice F3365. This document has been purposefully designed within the broader context of the Committee F38 library. Although the original source materials for the content presented here were intended to function as standalone documents, the committee has consciously removed any redundant information in favor of adopting a referential "single-source-of-truth" approach. Consequently, when applying this standard, it is essential to consider and integrate all relevant Committee F38 standards to ensure its comprehensive and accurate implementation.  
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Standard Specification for Unmanned Aircraft Flight Manual (UFM) for an Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)

SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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4.2 Successful completion of this training course neither constitutes nor implies certification or licensure from the CAA.  
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This specification establishes the design, construction, and test requirements for a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS). It is intended for all sUAS that are permitted to operate over a defined area and in airspace authorized by a nation's governing aviation authority (GAA). Unless otherwise specified by a nation’s GAA, this specification applies only to UA that have a maximum takeoff gross weight of 55 lb/25 kg or less.
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This specification provides a consensus standard for an application to a nation's governing aviation authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes. It is intended for all sUAS that are allowed to operate over a defined area and in airspace authorized by a nation's GAA. Unless otherwise specified by a nation's GAA, this specification applies only to UA that have a maximum gross takeoff weight of 25 kg (55 lb) or less. This specification covers general command and control (C2) requirements, C2 system spectrum requirements, C2 link requirements, UA requirements, and fly-away functionality.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is provided as a consensus standard in support of an application to a nation’s governing aviation authority (GAA) for a permit to operate a small unmanned aircraft system (sUAS) for commercial or public use purposes.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM F3423/F3423M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Vertiport Design

SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines the requirements for the planning, design, and establishment of vertiports intended to service vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft. These aircraft include, but are not limited to, standard category aircraft, optionally piloted aircraft, and unmanned aircraft. Aircraft not covered by this specification include VTOL aircraft less than 55 lb [25 kg]. In developing these standards, identified types of eVTOL aircraft, for example, Multi-Rotor, Lift & Cruise, Vectored Thrust, Tilt Wing, Tilt Rotor, etc., were considered. Ultimately it is up to the authorities having jurisdiction (AHJ) as to how and to what extent these standards are applied. Vertiports may provide commercial or private services in support of the operation of eVTOL aircraft including, but not limited to, some or all of occupant and cargo transport, air medical, flight instruction, aerial work, aircraft rental, fueling, charging of energy storage devices, battery exchange, hangaring, and maintenance services.  
1.2 This specification is intended to support the design of civil vertiports and vertistops, however, it may also be used as a best practice document for other facilities.  
1.2.1 Vertiport  is a generic reference to the area of land, water, or structure used, or intended to be used, for the landing and takeoff of VTOL aircraft, together with associated buildings and facilities. At this time, aircraft with floats conducting water landings and takeoffs are not included in this specification.  
1.2.2 Vertistop—The same as Vertiport, except that no fueling, defueling, scheduled maintenance, scheduled repairs, or storage of aircraft is permitted. Unscheduled maintenance and repairs to return an aircraft in an AOG (Aircraft on Ground) status to a serviceable status are permissible.  
1.3 This document may present information in either SI units, English Engineering units, or both. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined  
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ASTM F3411-22a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Remote ID and Tracking

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for remote identification (Remote ID) of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Remote ID allows governmental and civil identification of UAS for safety, security, and compliance purposes. The objective is to increase UAS remote pilot accountability by removing anonymity while preserving operational privacy for remote pilots, businesses, and their customers. Remote ID is an enabler of enhanced operations such as beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations as well as operations over people.  
1.2 This specification defines message formats, transmission methods, and minimum performance standards for two forms of Remote ID: broadcast and network. Broadcast Remote ID is based on the transmission of radio signals directly from a UAS to receivers in the UAS’s vicinity. Network Remote ID is based on communication by means of the internet from a network Remote ID service provider (Net-RID SP) that interfaces directly or indirectly with the UAS, or with other sources in the case of intent-based network participants.  
1.3 This specification addresses the communications and test requirements of broadcast or network Remote ID, or both, in UAS and Net-RID SP systems.  
1.4 Applicability:  
1.4.1 This specification is applicable to UAS that operate at very low level (VLL) airspace over diverse environments including but not limited to rural, urban, networked, network degraded, and network denied environments, regardless of airspace class.  
1.4.2 This specification neither purports to address UAS operating with approval to use ADS-B or secondary surveillance radar transponders, nor does it purport to solve ID needs of UAS for all operations.  
1.4.3 In particular, this specification does not purport to address identification needs for UAS that are not participating in Remote ID or operators that purposefully circumvent Remote ID.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5.1 Units of measurement included in this specification:    
m  
meters  
deg, °  
degrees of latitude and longitude, compass direction  
s  
seconds  
Hz  
Hertz (frequency)  
dBm  
decibel-milliwatts (radio frequency power)  
ppm  
parts per million (radio frequency variation)  
μs  
microseconds  
ms  
milliseconds  
1.6 Table of Contents:    
Title  
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Remote ID and Network Interoperability Conceptual Overview  
4  
Performance Requirements  
5  
TEST METHODS  
Scope  
6  
Significance and Use  
7  
Hazards  
8  
Test Units  
9  
Procedure  
10  
Precision and Bias  
11  
Product Marking  
12  
Packaging and Package Marking  
13  
Keywords  
14  
ANNEX A1—Broadcast Authentication Verifier Service  
Annex A1  
ANNEX A2—Network Remote ID Interoperability Requirements, APIs, and Testing  
Annex A2  
ANNEX A3—Tables of Values  
Annex A3  
ANNEX A4—USS-DSS and USS-USS OpenAPI YAML Description  
Annex A4  
ANNEX A5—Number Registrar Management Policy  
Annex A5  
APPENDIX X1—Performance Characteristics  
Appendix X1  
APPENDIX X2—List of Subcommittee Participants and Contributors  
Appendix X2  
APPENDIX X3—Background Information  
Appendix X3  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 8 on Hazards.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the D...

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