ASTM A989-98(2002)

Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers hot isostatically-pressed, powder metal, alloy steel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts made to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as in ASME Specification B16.5.
1.2 Several grades of alloy steels are included in this specification.
1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. Unless the order specifies the applicable "M" specification designation (SI units), however, the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to test methods portions 8.1, 8.2, and 9.5-9.7 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-1998
• ICS: 49.025.10 - Steels
• Technical Committee: A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
• Drafting Committee: A01.22 - Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A989-98 - Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Replaced By: ASTM A989/A989M-98(2002)e1 - Standard Specification for Hot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings, Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 989 – 98 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Specification for
Hot Isostatically-Pressed Alloy Steel Flanges, Fittings,
Valves, and Parts for High Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 989; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
1.1 This specification covers hot isostatically-pressed, pow-
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
der metal, alloy steel piping components for use in pressure
E 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts
E 606 Practice for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
madetospecifieddimensionsortodimensionalstandards,such
2.2 MSS Standard:
as in ASME Specification B16.5.
SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
1.2 Several grades of alloy steels are included in this
Flanges, and Unions
specification.
2.3 ASME Specifications and Boiler and Pressure Vessel
1.3 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when
Codes:
additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply
B16.5 Dimensional Standards for Steel Pipe Flanges and
only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.
Flanged Fittings
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units
2.4 ASME Section IX Welding Qualifications:
and in SI units. Unless the order specifies the applicable “M”
SFA-5.5 Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-
specification designation (SI units), however, the material shall
Welding Electrodes
be furnished to inch-pound units.
1.5 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
3. Terminology
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
theSIunitsareshowninparentheses.Thevaluesstatedineach
3.1.1 can, n—the container used to encapsulate the powder
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
during the pressure consolidation process that is removed
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
partially or fully from the final part.
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
3.1.2 compact, n—the consolidated powder from one can
cation.
that may be used to make one or more parts.
1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to test
3.1.3 consolidation, n—the bonding of adjacent powder
methods portions, 8.1, 8.2, and 9.5-9.7 of this specification:
particles in a compact under pressure by heating to a tempera-
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
ture below the melting point of the powder.
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
3.1.4 fill stem, n—thepartofthecompactusedtofillthecan
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
that usually is not integral to the part produced.
health practices and to determine the applicability of regula-
3.1.5 hot isostatic-pressing, n—a process for simulta-
tory limitations prior to use.
neously heating and forming a compact in which the powder is
2. Referenced Documents contained in a sealed formable enclosure usually made from
metal and the so-contained powder is subjected to equal
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pressure from all directions at a temperature high enough to
A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-
permit plastic deformation and consolidation of the powder
nation of Steel Forgings
particles to take place.
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
3.1.6 lot, n—a number of parts produced from a single
of Steel Products
powder blend following the same manufacturing conditions.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
A01.22 onSteelForgingsandWroughtFittingsforPipingApplicationsandBolting Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
Current edition approved Mar. 10, 1998. Published September 1998. Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602.
2 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03. International Headquarters, Three Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 989 – 98 (2002)
3.1.7 part, n—a single item coming from a compact, either 5.1.3 When powder from more than one heat is used to
prior to or after machining. make a blend, the heats shall be mixed thoroughly to ensure
homogeneity.
3.1.8 powder blend, n—a homogeneous mixture of powder
from one or more heats of the same grade.
5.1.4 The compact shall be sectioned and the microstructure
3.1.9 rough part, n—the part prior to final machining. examined to check for porosity and other internal imperfec-
tionsandshallmeettherequirementsof8.1.3.Thesampleshall
4. Ordering Information betakenfromthefillstemorfromalocationinapartasagreed
upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.
4.1 It is the responsibility of the purchaser to specify in the
5.1.5 Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the
purchase order all requirements that are necessary for material
manufacturer shall remove the can material from the surfaces
ordered under this specification. Such requirements may in-
of the consolidated compacts by chemical or mechanical
clude, but are not limited to, the following:
methods, such as by pickling or machining. This may be done
4.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of parts).
before or after heat treatment at the option of the manufacturer
4.1.2 Name of material or UNS number.
(see Note 1).
4.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue.
4.1.4 Dimensions (tolerances and surface finishes).
NOTE 1—Often, it is advantageous to leave the can material in place
4.1.5 Microstructure examination, if required (5.1.4).
until after heat treatment or further thermal processing of the consolidated
compact.
4.1.6 Inspection (14.1).
4.1.7 Whether rough part or finished machined (8.2.2).
6. Chemical Composition
4.1.8 Supplementary requirements, if any.
4.1.9 Additional requirements (see 7.2.1 and 16.1).
6.1 The steel both as a blend and as a part shall conform to
4.1.10 Requirement, if any, that the manufacturer shall the requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table
submit drawings for approval showing the shape of the rough 1. Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology of A 751 shall
part before machining and the exact location of test specimen apply.
material (see 9.3.1).
6.1.1 Each blend of powder shall be analyzed by the
manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements pre-
5. Materials and Manufacture
scribed in Table 1. This analysis shall be made using a
representative sample of the powder. The blend shall conform
5.1 Manufacturing Practice:
to the chemical composition requirements prescribed in Table
5.1.1 Compacts shall be manufactured by placing a single
1.
powderblendintoacan,evacuatingthecan,andsealingit.The
6.1.2 When required by the purchaser, the chemical com-
can material shall be selected to ensure that it has no deleteri-
position of a sample from one part from each lot of parts shall
ous effect on the final product. The entire assembly shall be
be determined by the manufacturer. The composition of the
heated at a temperature and placed under sufficient pressure for
sample shall conform to the chemical composition require-
a sufficient period of time to ensure that the final consolidated
ments prescribed in Table 1.
part meets the density requirements of 8.1.2.1. One or more
6.2 Addition of lead, selenium, or other elements for the
parts shall be machined from a single compact.
purpose of rendering the material free-machining shall not be
5.1.2 Thepowdershallbeprealloyedandmadebyamelting
permitted.
method capable of producing the specified chemical composi-
tion,suchasbutnotlimitedtoairorvacuuminductionmelting, 6.3 The steel shall not contain an unspecified element, for
followed by gas atomization. the ordered grade, to the extent that the steel conforms to the
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
UNS
Columbium
Grade
Phosphorus, Sulfur, Tantalum,
Designation
Carbon Manganese Silicon Nickel Chromium Molybdenum plus Titanium
max max max
Tantalum
Alloy Steels
K90941 9 % chromium 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.030 0.030 0.50–1.00 . . . 8.0–10.0 0.90–1.10 . . . . . . . . .
K91560 9 % chromium, 1 % 0.08-0.12 0.30–0.60 0.020 0.010 0.20–0.50 0.40 max 8.0–9.5 0.85–1.05 Other Elements
molybdenum, 0.2 % Cb 0.06–0.10
vanadium plus N 0.03–0.07
columbium and Al 0.04 max
nitrogen V 0.18–0.25
K31545 chromium-molybdenum 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.7–3.3 0.80–1.06 . . . . . . . . .
K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.00–2.50 0.87–1.13 . . . . . . . . .
Class 1
K21590 chromium-molybdenum 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.040 0.50 max . . . 2.00–2.50 0.87–1.13 . . . . . . . . .
Class 3
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 989 – 98 (2002)
requirements of another grade for which that element is a alloy steels or to the density of a wrought reference sample of
specified element having a required minimum content. the same grade heat treated in accordance with the require-
ments of Table 2 (see Note 2). The typical density for alloy
7. Heat Treatment
steel in the annealed condition at room temperature is 0.28
7.1 After hot isostatic-pressing, the compacts may be an-
lb/in. (7.8 g/cm ).
nealed prior to heat treating in accordance with the require-
NOTE 2—The actual density of alloy steel varies slightly with compo-
ments ofTable 2.At the option of the producer, the anneal may
sition and heat treatment. For this reason, small differences in the
be a separate operation following powder consolidation or may
measured density from the typical density for a given grade of steel may
be a part of the consolidation process.
be the result of differences in alloy content, heat treatment, or microporos-
7.2 The alloy steels shall be heat treated in accordance with
ity.Whendensityvaluesaremeasuredthatarelessthanthedensitytypical
the requirements of 7.1 and Table 2.
of a given grade of steel, it is appropriate to examine the sample for
7.2.1 Liquid Quenching—When agreed to by the purchaser,
microporosity by the more specific metallographic examination proce-
liquid quenching followed by tempering shall be permitted
dures.
provided the temperatures in Table 2 for each grade are
8.1.3 Microstructural Examination:
utilized.
8.1.3.1 The microstructure when examined at 20-503, 100-
7.2.1.1 Marking—Parts that are liquid quenched and tem-
pered shall be marked “QT”. 2003, and 1000-20003 shall be reasonably uniform and shall
7.3 See Supplementary Requirement S10 if a particular heat
be free of voids, laps, cracks, and porosity.
treatment method is specified by the purchaser.
8.1.3.2 One sample from each production lot shall be
7.4 Time of Heat Treatment—Heat treatment of the hot
examined. The sample shall be taken after hot isostatic-
isostatically-pressed parts shall be performed before or after
pressing or after final heat treatment. The microstructure shall
machining.
meet the requirements of 8.1.3.1.
8.1.3.3 If the sample fails to meet the requirements for
8. Structural Integrity Requirements
acceptance, each part in the lot may be retested and those that
8.1 Microporosity:
pass may be accepted.
8.1.1 The parts shall be free of microporosity as demon-
8.2 Hydrostatic Tests—After they have been machined,
strated by measurement of density as provided in 8.1.2 or by
microstructural examination as provided in 8.1.3. pressure-containingpartsshallbetestedtothehydrostaticshell
8.1.2 Density Measurement: test pressures prescribed in ASME B16.5 for the applicable
8.1.2.1 The density measurement shall be used for accep-
steel rating for which the part is designed and shall show no
tance of material but not for rejection of material. The
leaks. Parts ordered under these specifications for working
measured density for each material shall exceed 99 % of the
pressures other than those listed in the ASME B16.5 ratings
density typical of that grade when wrought and in the same
shall be tested to such pressures as may be agreed upon
heat treated condition as the sample. Material that fails to meet
between the manufacturer and purchaser.
this acceptance criterion may, at the option of the producer, be
8.2.1 No hydrostatic test is required for welding neck or
tested for microporosity in accordance with the microstructural
other flanges.
examination as provided in 8.1.3.
8.2.2 The compact manufacturer is not required to perform
8.1.2.2 Density shall be determined for one sample from
pressure tests on rough parts that are to be finish machined by
each production lot by measuring the difference in weight of
others. The fabricator of the finished part is not required to
the sample when weighed in air and when weighed in water
pressure test parts that are designed to be pressure containing
and multiplying this difference by the density of water
only after assembly by welding into a larger structure. The
(Archimede’s principle). The equipment used shall be capable
3 3
manufacturer of the compacts, however, shall be responsible as
of determining density within 60.004 lb/in. (0.10 g/cm ).
required in 15.1 for the satisfactory performance of the parts
8.1.2.3 At the option of the producer, the density shall be
compared to the room temperature density typical of wrought under the final test required in 8.2.
TABLE 2 Heat Treating Requirements
Austenitizing/Solutioning Quenching, Cool Tempering Temperature,
UNS No. Heat Treat Type Cooling Media
A
Temperature, °F (°C) to Below °F (°C) min° F (°C)
Alloy Steels
BB
K90941 anneal 1750 [955] furnace cool
B
normalize and temper 1750 [955] air cool 1250 [675]
B
K91560 normalize and temper 1900-2000 [1040-1095] air cool 1350 [730]
BB
K31545 anneal 1750 [955] furnace cool
BB
...