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ASTM D5734-95(2001)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus (Withdrawn 2008)

Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus (Withdrawn 2008)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the average force required to propagate a single-rip tear starting from a cut in a nonwoven fabric using a falling-pendulum (Elmendorf) apparatus.
1.2 This standard Elmendorf tear tester with interchangeable pendulums has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tearing strength up to 6400 grams-force. It is recognized that some older test instruments with augmenting weights continue to be used. As a consequence, these older test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for the older units as used with this test method are included in the appendix. For tearing strength above 6400 grams-force, a high-capacity test instrument is available equipped with augmenting weights to increase the capacity.
1.3 This test method is applicable to most nonwoven fabrics that are treated or untreated, including heavily sized, coated, or resin-treated, provided the fabric does not tear in the direction crosswise to the direction of the force applied during the test. If the tear does not occur in the direction of the test, the fabric is considered untearable in that direction by this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the measurement of the average force required to propagate a single-rip tear starting from a cut in a nonwoven fabric using a falling-pendulum (Elmendorf) apparatus.
This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Dec-2000
Withdrawal Date
30-Sep-2008
ICS
59.080.01 - Textiles in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.90 - Executive
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5734-95 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus
Effective Date
01-Jan-2001

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ASTM D5734-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus (Withdrawn 2008)ASTM D5734-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus (Withdrawn 2008)
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ASTM D5734-95(2001) - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus (Withdrawn 2008)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5734–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Tearing Strength of Nonwoven Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum
1
(Elmendorf) Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5734; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 4848 Terminology of Force and Deformation Properties
4
of Textiles
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the average
force required to propagate a single-rip tear starting from a cut
3. Terminology
in a nonwoven fabric using a falling-pendulum (Elmendorf)
3.1 Definitions:
apparatus.
3.1.1 length of tear, n—in tensile testing, the length of
1.2 This standard Elmendorf tear tester with interchange-
fabric torn, as measured on the fabric before tearing.
able pendulums has become the preferred test apparatus for
3.1.2 lengthwise direction, n—in textiles, the direction in a
determining tearing strength up to 6400 grams-force. It is
machine-made fabric parallel to the direction of movement the
recognized that some older test instruments with augmenting
fabric followed in the manufacturing machine.
weights continue to be used.As a consequence, these older test
3.1.2.1 Discussion—For nonwovens, an easily distinguish-
instruments may be used when agreed upon between the
able pattern for orientation may not be apparent, especially if
purchaserandthesupplier.Theconditionsfortheolderunitsas
removed from the roll. Care should be taken to maintain the
used with this test method are included in the appendix. For
directionality by clearly marking the direction.
tearing strength above 6400 grams-force, a high-capacity test
3.1.3 nonwoven fabric, n—a textile structure produced by
instrument is available equipped with augmenting weights to
bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by
increase the capacity.
mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means, or combina-
1.3 This test method is applicable to most nonwoven fabrics
tion thereof.
that are treated or untreated, including heavily sized, coated, or
3.1.4 tearing energy, n—in tensile testing of fabrics, the
resin-treated, provided the fabric does not tear in the direction
work done in tearing the specimen.
crosswise to the direction of the force applied during the test.
3.1.5 tearing force, n—the average force required to con-
If the tear does not occur in the direction of the test, the fabric
tinue a tear previously started in a fabric.
is considered untearable in that direction by this test method.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—For nonwovens, the tearing force is
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
recorded as the maximum force required to continue a tear
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be
previously started in a fabric.
approximate.
3.1.6 tearing strength, n—the force required either to start
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
or to continue or propagate a tear in a fabric under specified
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
conditions.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.7 widthwise direction, n—in textiles, the direction in a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
machine-made fabric perpendicular to the direction of move-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ment the fabric followed in the manufacturing machine.
2. Referenced Documents 3.1.8 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminologies D 123 and D 4848.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
4. Summary of Test Method
D 689 Test Method for Internal Tearing Resistance of Pa-
3
4.1 The force required to continue a slit previously cut in a
per
2 nonwoven fabric is determined by measuring the work done in
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
tearing it through a fixed distance. The tester consists of a
sector-shaped pendulum carrying a clamp which is in align-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
ment with a fixed clamp when the pendulum is in the raised,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.90 on Executive.
Current edition approved June 15, 1995. Published September 1995.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
3 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5734–95 (2001)
starting position with maximum potential energy. The speci- a be
...

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1.1 These practices cover procedures for the inspection and grading of coated and uncoated woven flat and one-piece woven (OPW) fabrics, and for the inspection and culling of cut parts made of such fabrics, all of which are used in the manufacture of inflatable restraint cushions.  
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5.1 Seam strength testing is used for design validation and for lot acceptance.  
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5.4 Test Method D5822 is a reliable test method but procedures which may require special attention are identified in the precision and bias section of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of seam efficiency and the maximum seam strength in inflatable restraint cushions composed of woven fabrics when a force is applied perpendicular to the seam, using a grab test. For evaluating sewing thread, refer to Test Method D204.  
1.2 This test method is restricted to seams that are either obtained from an inflatable restraint cushion or prepared off-line, specifically for testing, using fabric blanks, not obtained from a previously sewn cushion assembly. Seams may include but are not limited to sewn, OPW, glued, sealed and sewn, or fused (chemically or thermally). This test method can be used for either lot testing of production cushions, or for research and development purposes.  
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1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this standard may be used by agreement between purchaser and supplier with the specific deviations from the standard acknowledged in the report.  
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Standard Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles

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1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions of technical terms related to force and deformation properties when evaluating a stress-strain curve of a textile. (See Figs. X1.1 and X1.2.) A chart showing the relationship of the basic terms is shown in Table 1. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
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1.4.2 Annex A1 Terms Relating to the Hand of Fabrics.  
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1.4.4 Annex A3 Terminology Taken From D13 Standards That Have Been Withdrawn.  
1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.  
1.4.6 Annex A5 Terminology Revision Procedures.  
1.4.7 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.  
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Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles

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1.1 This standard is the compilation of all terminology developed by Committee D13 on Textiles.  
1.1.1 This terminology, consists mostly of definitions, which are specific to the textile industry. Meanings of the same terms used outside the textile industry can be found in other compilations or in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The specific D13 subcommittee (SC) which has jurisdictional responsibility for every item is the first attribution noted after the definition. The SC terminology standard in which all the terms and definitions appear is listed by number after the jurisdiction for the term. The wording of an entry cannot be changed without the approval of the subcommittee which has jurisdiction. Users of this compilation should also review the SC terminology standard listed for more details or interpretations of these terms and their use by the SC having jurisdiction.  
1.2 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminology D123 is also a tool for managing the committee's terminology. This includes finding, eliminating, and preventing redundancies, that is, where two or more terms relating the same concept are defined in different words. Redundancies can also occur when one definition is used for two or more terms.  
1.3 While the review for clarity and form are the responsibility of the terminology subcommittee, the concept of managing terminology is the broad responsibility of every writer of standards, specifically the task group leader and subcommittee chairman.  
1.4 Subsequent to a listing of specific subcommittee compilations, this standard is comprised of the following sections that are listed in the order in which they appear.  
1.4.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions followed by SC attribution in brackets and SC terminology standard.  
1.4.2 Annex A1 Terms Relating to the Hand of Fabrics.  
1.4.3 Annex A2 Industry Accepted Synonyms.  
1.4.4 Annex A3 Terminology Taken From D13 Standards That Have Been Withdrawn.  
1.4.5 Annex A4 Terminology Relating to Leather.  
1.4.6 Annex A5 Terminology Revision Procedures.  
1.4.7 Appendix X1 Other Sources of Textile Terminology.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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