D13.90 - Executive

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The ability of a highloft nonwoven fabric to resist compression and recovery and elastic loss after compression are two basic physical properties that are measured to set specifications for certain end-use applications. This test method provides an inexpensive alternative for highloft producers, their suppliers and customers to determine compression resistance, and recovery properties thus better predicting their performance in the finished product.  
5.2 Compression resistance and recovery performance requirements of highloft nonwovens will vary according to the end-use application. Furniture, bedding apparel, and industrial applications do not require the same property values to satisfy their individual consumers. They will require resistance to compression and the ability to recover to some degree.  
5.3 Option 1 of this test method is used in the trade for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments. Compression recovery graphs from Option 2 can be helpful in comparing performance of different highloft nonwoven fabrics.  
5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a significant statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test samples that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test samples should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using an appropriate statistical test for unpaired samples and an acceptance probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results ...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of compression resistance and recovery properties of any type of highloft nonwoven fabric using a simplistic and economical applied static weight loading technique.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This test method offers two options for the measurement of compression resistance and recovery properties. Option 1 contains fewer steps and is, therefore, simpler. Option 2 makes more measurements and provides more details about the behavior of a fabric under these test conditions.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The purpose of this test method is to obtain values for the water vapor transmission rate of barrier materials.
Water vapor transmission rate is an important property of materials and can be related to shelf life; product stability, breath-ability, and wearing comfort.
Data from this test method is suitable as a referee method of testing, provided that the purchaser and seller have agreed on sampling procedures, test conditions, and acceptance criteria.
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the rate of water vapor transmission ranging between 500 to 100,000 g/m 2day through nonwoven and plastic barrier materials. The method is applicable to films, barriers consisting of single or multilayer synthetic or natural polymers, nonwoven fabric, and nonwoven fabrics coated with films up to 3 mm (0.1 in.) in thickness.
1.2 This test method provides for the determination of (1) water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and (2) the permeance to water vapor.
1.3 The values stated in metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The acceptable units for water vapor transmission rate are usually g/m2day.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers a procedure for determining the rate of water vapor transmission ranging between 500 to 100,000 g/m2day through nonwoven and plastic barrier materials. The method is applicable to films, barriers consisting of single or multilayer synthetic or natural polymers, nonwoven fabric, and nonwoven fabrics coated with films up to 3 mm (0.1 in.) in thickness.
This test method is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of compression resistance and recovery properties of any type of highloft nonwoven fabric using a simplistic and economical applied static weight loading technique.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This test method offers two options for the measurement of compression resistance and recovery properties. Option 1 contains fewer steps and is, therefore, simpler. Option 2 makes more measurements and provides more details about the behavior of a fabric under these test conditions.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of compression resistance and recovery properties of any type of highloft nonwoven fabric using a simplistic and economical applied static weight loading technique.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This test method offers two options for the measurement of compression resistance and recovery properties. Option 1 contains fewer steps and is, therefore, simpler. Option 2 makes more measurements and provides more details about the behavior of a fabric under these test conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ability of a highloft nonwoven fabric to resist compression and recovery and elastic loss after compression are two basic physical properties that are measured to set specifications for certain end-use applications. This test method provides an inexpensive alternative for highloft producers, their suppliers and customers to determine compression resistance, and recovery properties thus better predicting their performance in the finished product.
Compression resistance and recovery performance requirements of highloft nonwovens will vary according to the end-use application. Furniture, bedding apparel, and industrial applications do not require the same property values to satisfy their individual consumers. They will require resistance to compression and the ability to recover to some degree.  
Option 1 of this test method is used in the trade for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments. Compression recovery graphs from Option 2 can be helpful in comparing performance of different highloft nonwoven fabrics.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a significant statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test samples that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test samples should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using an appropriate statistical test for unpaired samples and an acceptance probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration o...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of compression resistance and recovery properties of any type of highloft nonwoven fabric using a simplistic and economical applied static weight loading technique.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This test method offers two options for the measurement of compression resistance and recovery properties. Option 1 contains fewer steps and is, therefore, simpler. Option 2 makes more measurements and provides more details about the behavior of a fabric under these test conditions.

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of nonwoven fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for the CRT-type tensile tester as used with this test are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabrics including those that are treated or untreated, including those heavily sized, coated or resin treated, provided that during the test, the fabric does not tear in the direction crosswise to the direction of the force applied. This test method may not be useful for highloft nonwoven fabrics. If the tear is not substantially lengthwise, the fabric shall be described as untearable in that direction by this test.
1.3 Tongue tear strength as measured in this method is the maximum single-peak force required to continue or propagate a tear started previously in the specimen. The reported value includes the simultaneous force required to shift fibers, break fibers, break fiber bonds and break fiber interlocks in nonwoven fabric. The reported value is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thickness of highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of nonwoven fabrics other than highloft, see Test Method D5729.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the average force required to propagate a single-rip tear starting from a cut in a nonwoven fabric using a falling-pendulum (Elmendorf) apparatus.
1.2 This standard Elmendorf tear tester with interchangeable pendulums has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tearing strength up to 6400 grams-force. It is recognized that some older test instruments with augmenting weights continue to be used. As a consequence, these older test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for the older units as used with this test method are included in the appendix. For tearing strength above 6400 grams-force, a high-capacity test instrument is available equipped with augmenting weights to increase the capacity.
1.3 This test method is applicable to most nonwoven fabrics that are treated or untreated, including heavily sized, coated, or resin-treated, provided the fabric does not tear in the direction crosswise to the direction of the force applied during the test. If the tear does not occur in the direction of the test, the fabric is considered untearable in that direction by this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the appearance and integrity of man-made fiber batting after machine washing or drycleaning when tested in a finished garment or a panel assembly simulating the construction of the finished garment.
1.2 Wool/wool blend and cotton/cotton blend battings and needle punched structures are not intended to be evaluated by this test method.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of mass/unit area of all nonwoven fabrics.

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thickness of most nonwoven fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabrics that are treated or untreated, including those heavily sized, coated or resin-treated.  
1.3 This test method may not be useful for highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of highloft nonwoven fabric see Test Method D5736.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The U.S. customary units (inch-pound) may be approximate.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This guide covers suggested criteria, procedures, and a general approach to establish the compostability of environmentally degradable nonwoven fabrics and products.  
Note 1- The assessment of degradable plastics and nonwoven fabrics or products is considered similar. Consequently, this guide contains only minor changes in technical content from this guide developed by Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally Degradable Plastics of Committee D-20 on Plastics.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the analysis of polyester highloft nonwoven fabrics for resin binder distribution and binder penetration.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers stiffness properties of nonwoven fabrics by employing the principle of cantilever bending of the fabric under its own weight. Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity calculated.
1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabrics that are treated or untreated, including those heavily sized, coated, or resin-treated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thickness of most nonwoven fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabrics that are treated or untreated, including those heavily sized, coated or resin-treated.  
1.3 This test method may not be useful for highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of highloft nonwoven fabric see Test Method D5736.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The U.S. customary units (inch-pound) may be approximate.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of nonwoven fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for the CRT-type tensile tester as used with this test are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabrics including those that are treated or untreated, including those heavily sized, coated or resin treated, provided that during the test, the fabric does not tear in the direction crosswise to the direction of the force applied. This test method may not be useful for highloft nonwoven fabrics. If the tear is not substantially lengthwise, the fabric shall be described as untearable in that direction by this test.
1.3 Tongue tear strength as measured in this method is the maximum single-peak force required to continue or propagate a tear started previously in the specimen. The reported value includes the simultaneous force required to shift fibers, break fibers, break fiber bonds and break fiber interlocks in nonwoven fabric. The reported value is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of nonwoven fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile testing machine.
This test method is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in April 2009.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Refer to the particular test method cited for the property of interest for specific significance and use statements.
In case of a dispute arising from the differences in reported test values when using the test methods listed in these test methods for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine whether a statistical bias exists between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of this bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be assigned randomly, in equal numbers, to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student’ t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be determined and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future results in the light of the known bias.
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1.1 This guide covers procedures for testing nonwoven fabrics. The test procedures appear in the following sections: SectionAbrasion Resistance18Absorbency21Air Permeability8Breaking Force and Elongation9Bursting Strength10Conditioning7Dimensional Change20Drycleaning11Flexural Rigidity12Mass Per Unit Area (Note 2)17Resin Binder Distribution22Seam Breaking Strength13Trapezoid Tear14Tongue Tear (Single Rip)15Elmendorf Tear16Thickness19
Note 2—The terms "machine" and "cross machine" must be substituted for "warp" and "filling," respectively, throughout these test methods wherever pertinent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only and may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covers procedures for testing nonwoven fabrics.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this guide was withdrawn in March 2009 because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of nonwoven fabrics, however, caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. A comparative test as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct a comparative test to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate Student’t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the view of the known bias.
This test method measures the drape stiffness of the nonwoven fabric. This test is not, however, suitable for very limp fabrics or those that show a marked tendency to curl or twist.
FIG. 1 Cantilever Bending Tester
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1.1 This test method covers stiffness properties of nonwoven fabrics by employing the principle of cantilever bending of the fabric under its own weight. Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity calculated.
1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabrics that are treated or untreated, including those heavily sized, coated, or resin-treated.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers stiffness properties of nonwoven fabrics by employing the principle of cantilever bending of the fabric under its own weight. Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity calculated.
This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.  
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was discontinued in July 2008.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the integrity of the batting or to identify the need for an alternative fiberfill batting or construction technique to meet performance requirements. Maintaining batting integrity is important to the insulating properties and appearance retention over the life of the item.
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1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the tactile appearance and integrity of a highloft nonwoven batting after machine washing or drycleaning when tested in a finished product or a panel assembly simulating the construction of the finished product.
1.2 This test method is not intended for use on wool/wool blend and cotton/cotton blend batting and needle-punched structures.
1.3 This test method provides the values in both SI units and inch-pound units. "Inch-pound units" is the technically correct name for the customary units used in the United States. "SI units" is the technically correct name for the system of metric units known as the International System of Units. The values stated in either system of units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining in any way.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers procedures for determining the tactile appearance and integrity of a highloft nonwoven batting after machine washing or drycleaning when tested in a finished product or a panel assembly simulating the construction of the finished product.
This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments but comparisons should be made with caution because information on estimates of between-laboratory precision is limited as noted in the precision and bias section of this test method.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for such comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may also be used for these comparative tests. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method depends on the ability to accurately place a known mass/volume of liquid on the surface, so that an accurate mass of liquid adsorbed may be determined.
This test method is useful to select fabrics with superior cleaning and drying properties that can minimize the costs for spill removal. It can also be used to research fabrics for improved spill removal and for production control.
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1.1 This test method covers the quantifying of the dynamic wiping efficiency of nonwoven fabrics.
1.2 This test method applies to all nonwoven fabrics not used in cleanrooms.
Note 1—For dynamic wiping efficiency in cleanrooms, refer to Test Method D 6650 Standard Test Method for Determining the Dynamic Wiping Efficiency, Wet Particle Removal Ability, and Fabric Particle Contribution of Nonwoven Fabrics Used in Cleanrooms.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the quantifying of the dynamic wiping efficiency of nonwoven fabrics.
This test method is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.  
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments but comparisons should be made with caution because information on estimates of between-laboratory precision is limited as noted in the precision and bias section of this test method.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for such comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established test values may also be used for these comparative tests. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method depends on the ability to accurately place a known mass/volume of liquid and number of particles on a surface, so that an accurate mass of liquid adsorbed, number of particles contributed by a wiping fabric, and the number of particles contributed by a known contaminant to the liquid may be determined.
This test method is useful to select fabrics with superior cleaning and drying properties that can minimize the costs for spill removal. It can also be used to research fabrics for improved spill removal and for production control.
It is beneficial to perform the dynamic wiping efficiency test in unison with the wet particle removal ability test. This allows for a more precise correlation of these variables.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dynamic wiping efficiency, wet particle removal ability and fabric particle contribution of nonwoven fabrics.
1.2 This test method applies to all nonwoven fabrics used in cleanrooms. For more information see Journal of the IEST.Note 1
For dynamic wiping efficiency in non-cleanrooms, refer to Test Method D 6702 Standard Test Method for Determining the Dynamic Wiping Efficiency of Nonwoven Fabrics Not Used in Cleanrooms.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the dynamic wiping efficiency, wet particle removal ability and fabric particle contribution of nonwoven fabrics.
This test method is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

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1.1 This test method covers the quantifying of fibrous debris released and generated from fabrics.
1.2 This test method applies to all fabrics used as wiping materials for purposes, such as house-cleaning, cleaning, cleanrooms, spill clean-up or removal, industrial wipes, shop towels, polishing cloths, etc.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the quantifying of fibrous debris released and generated from fabrics.  
This test method is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.  
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

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1.1 This test method covers the quantifying of the rate of sorption of textile fabrics.
1.2 This test method applies to all textile fabrics used as wiping materials for spill removal. For additional literature see the International Nonwovens Journal.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the quantifying of the rate of sorption of textile fabrics.
This test method is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of nonwoven fabrics, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate student’ t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
Thickness is one of the basic physical properties of highloft nonwoven fabrics. In certain industrial applications, the thickness may require rigid control within specified limits. Bulk and warmth properties of highloft nonwoven fabrics are often estimated from their thickness values, and thickness is also useful in measuring performance characteristics, such as before and after abrasion or shrinkage.
The thickness value of highloft nonwoven fabrics will vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the specimen at the time the thickness measurement is taken. In all cases, the apparent thickness varies inversely with the pressure applied. For this reason, it is essential that the pressure be specified when discussing or listing any thickness value.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thickness of highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of nonwoven fabrics other than highloft, see Test Method D5729.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method describes the measurement of thickness of highloft nonwoven fabrics.  
This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the average force required to propagate a single-rip tear starting from a cut in a nonwoven fabric using a falling-pendulum (Elmendorf) apparatus.
1.2 This standard Elmendorf tear tester with interchangeable pendulums has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tearing strength up to 6400 grams-force. It is recognized that some older test instruments with augmenting weights continue to be used. As a consequence, these older test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for the older units as used with this test method are included in the appendix. For tearing strength above 6400 grams-force, a high-capacity test instrument is available equipped with augmenting weights to increase the capacity.
1.3 This test method is applicable to most nonwoven fabrics that are treated or untreated, including heavily sized, coated, or resin-treated, provided the fabric does not tear in the direction crosswise to the direction of the force applied during the test. If the tear does not occur in the direction of the test, the fabric is considered untearable in that direction by this test method.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the measurement of the average force required to propagate a single-rip tear starting from a cut in a nonwoven fabric using a falling-pendulum (Elmendorf) apparatus.
This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method determines the ratio of mass/unit area of any nonwoven fabric. Many properties of nonwovens, including strength, thickness, porosity, tearing strength, and others are influenced by changes in mass/unit area. For this reason, many nonwovens specifications include targets and limits for this property, which may be verified using this procedure. Also, it is a useful procedure to use in controlling production of nonwovens and verifying the property of the material being delivered to the customer.
The procedure in this test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, but caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests in accordance with 5.2.1 are advisable.
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using the procedures in this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the manufacturer should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimen then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate Student’t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the manufacturer must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mass/unit area of all nonwoven fabrics.
1.2 The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units shall be regarded separately as the standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of mass/unit area of all nonwoven fabrics.
This test method is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.  
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of nonwoven fabrics; however, caution is advised since information about between-laboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate Student’t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either is cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
Thickness is one of the basic physical properties of nonwoven fabrics. In certain industrial applications, the thickness may require rigid control within specified limits. Bulk and warmth properties of nonwoven fabrics are often estimated from their thickness values, and thickness is also useful in measuring performance characteristics, such as, before and after abrasion and shrinkage.
The thickness values of most nonwoven fabrics will vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the specimen at the time the thickness measurement is taken. In all cases, the apparent thickness varies inversely with the pressure applied. For this reason, it is essential that the pressure be specified when discussing or listing any thic...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the thickness of most nonwoven fabrics.
1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabrics that are treated or untreated, including those heavily sized, coated or resin-treated.
1.3 This test method may not be useful for highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of highloft nonwoven fabric see Test Method D 5736.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The U.S. customary units (inch-pound) may be approximate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the measurement of the thickness of most nonwoven fabrics.
This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.  
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test methods were withdrawn in October 2008.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The nonwoven fabric or product can be formed from a combination of materials (natural or manufactured fibers, continuous or staple fibers, film laminate, binder resins, etc.). Each material may be comprised of more than a single component, for example, natural or synthetic polymers, dyes or pigments, surfactants, and other additives. All components and materials which are organic in nature must be evaluated and determined to be biodegradable and to cause no toxic or negative effect in the compost medium. Inorganic fillers or additives (except for heavy metal salts, which are separately regulated) are assumed to be neutral to the composting process. Biodegradation of the materials is demonstrated only through carbon dioxide evolution tests and is considered to be the first and one of the most important steps in establishing the ultimate compostability of the nonwoven.
Nonwoven fabrics and products that are designed to degrade after use have been developed. These nonwovens are intended to enhance existing solid waste landfill diversion programs by allowing difficult to recycle materials to be collected and processed in alternative solid waste disposal systems. Biological waste management, such as composting, has emerged as a viable approach to process these compostable nonwovens along with the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). A comprehensive testing program is needed to establish the compostability (for example, fragmentation rate, biodegradation rate and safety) of these materials.
Each tier in this guide includes objectives and a summary which presents potential test methods, method principles, test duration, implication of results and recommended priority.
This guide can be adapted to generate product specific evidence for substantiation of compostable claims and obtaining classification as a compostable product. State and local regulations should also be considered.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers suggested criteria, procedures, and a general approach to establish the compostability of environmentally degradable nonwoven fabrics and products.
Note 1—The assessment of degradable plastics and nonwoven fabrics or products is considered similar. Consequently, this guide contains only minor changes in technical content from this guide developed by Subcommittee D20.96 on Environmentally Degradable Plastics of Committee D-20 on Plastics.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This guide covers suggested criteria, procedures, and a general approach to establish the compostability of environmentally degradable nonwoven fabrics and products.  
This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this guide was withdrawn in October 2008.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing of commercial shipments.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test samples that are as homogeneous as possible and are from a material lot of the type in question. The test samples should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration of the known bias.
This test method is used to assess the distribution of resin binder application. The distribution of resin binder relates to batting performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the analysis of polyester highloft nonwoven fabrics for resin binder distribution and binder penetration.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the analysis of polyester highloft nonwoven fabrics for resin binder distribution and binder penetration.  
This standard is being balloted for withdrawal with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of nonwoven fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile testing machine.  
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for the CRT-type tensile tester as used with this test are included in Appendix X1.  
1.2 This test method applies to most nonwoven fabrics including those that are treated or untreated, heavily sized, coated, or resin-treated. This test method may not be useful for highloft nonwoven fabrics.  
1.3 Trapezoid tear strength as measured in this test method is the maximum tearing force required to continue or propagate a tear started previously in the specimen. The reported value is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles , this test method was withdrawn in February 2008 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.