ASTM D2873-94(1999)e1

Standard Test Method for Interior Porosity of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Resins by Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (Withdrawn 2003)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring the interior pore volume and the apparent pore diameter distribution of porous poly(vinyl chloride) resins. The measurements are made by forcing mercury under increasing pressure through a graduated penetrometer into the open pores of the resin samples. The volume of mercury forced into the pores is defined from the change of the mercury volume in the penetrometer; the apparent pore diameter distribution can be defined from incremental volume changes with increasing pressure.
1.2 Warning-This standard includes the use of an OSHA-designated hazardous chemical (Mercury). For specific hazard information and guidance relative to use, consult the health and safety documents provided by the supplier, for example, the material safety data sheet.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Note 1-There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this test method.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 09-Jul-1999
• Withdrawal Date: 22-Sep-2003
• ICS: 83.080.10 - Thermosetting materials
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.15 - Thermoplastic Materials

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM F2450-18 - Standard Guide for Assessing Microstructure of Polymeric Scaffolds for Use in Tissue-Engineered Medical Products
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: D 2873 – 94 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Interior Porosity of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Resins by
Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2873; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Inch-pound units were deleted editorially in April 2000.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring 3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
the interior pore volume and the apparent pore diameter nologies D 883 and D 1600 unless otherwise indicated.
distribution of porous poly(vinyl chloride) resins. The mea- 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
surements are made by forcing mercury under increasing 3.2.1 interior pore volume—change in the volume of mer-
pressure through a graduated penetrometer into the open pores cury observed above an applied pressure at which a demarca-
of the resin samples. The volume of mercury forced into the tion exists between interior pores and voids between resin
pores is defined from the change of the mercury volume in the particles, and a maximum applied pressure. It is expressed in
penetrometer; the apparent pore diameter distribution can be cubic centimeters per gram. For many resins with a medium
defined from incremental volume changes with increasing size near 100 μm, such a demarcation exists at or near 390 kPa,
pressure. corresponding to an apparent pore diameter of approximately
1.2 Warning—This standard includes the use of an OSHA- 3.1 μm. A maximum applied pressure of 35 000 kPa has been
designated hazardous chemical (Mercury). For specific hazard found sufficient with most vinyl resins; the use of 21 000 kPa
information and guidance relative to use, consult the health and yields slightly lower values with equivalent precision.
safety documents provided by the supplier, for example, the
4. Significance and Use
material safety data sheet.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 4.1 This test method is intended to compare differences in
the total interior pore volume of porous vinyl resins. In general,
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the in certain formulations, resins of higher porosity are better
dry-blending resins; thus the interior porosity measurement
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- defines one of the criteria useful for the definition of the
dry-blend properties of vinyl resins.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Limitations
NOTE 1—There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject
5.1 Only those pores open to the outside surface of the resin
matter of this test method.
sample are filled with the mercury. The apparent pore diameter
2. Referenced Documents distribution that may be defined from the data may not be
physically significant if there are large openings within the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 sample which are connected to the surface by narrow pores.
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
5.2 The pressure applied limits the extent of the open pores
D 1600 Terminology of Abbreviated Terms Relating to
2 filled; thus, at approximately 35 000 kPa the minimum diam-
Plastics
eter pore penetrated is about 0.035 μm, while at 21 000 kPa the
D 2396 Test Method for Powder-Mix Time of Poly(Vinyl
3 minimum diameter is 0.058 μm.
Chloride) (PVC) Resins Using a Torque Rheometer
NOTE 2—The smallest pore diameter entered by the mercury under
pressure is stated by:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 on Plastics
D 5 1207 / P (1)
kPa
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materi-
als.
where:
Current edition approved March 15, 1994. Published May 1994. Originally
D = diameter of the pore, μm, and
published as D 2873 – 70. Last previous edition D 2873 – 89.
P = absolute pressure.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 2873
5.3 This test method is applicable to poly(vinyl chloride)
kPa
35 860 7 900
resins that show a relatively distinct end point in a powder-mix
70 1210 10 000
test such as Test Method D 2396. Application to other resins
A
140 1700 14 000
A A
requires supplementary definition of the demarcation between
240 2400 21 000
A
310 3100 28 000
interior pores and voids between particles.
A A
590 4500 35 000
700 5900
6. Apparatus
A
For some general-purpose dry blend resins, measurements at these pressures
6.1 Mercury Intrusion Porosimeter, equipped with a pen-
are sufficient to define the total interior pore volume.
etrometer capable of providing precise definition of volume
7.6.1 The pressures shown represent the minimum required
change of mercury at pressure increments between atmospheric
to define the apparent pore volume distribution curve. Mea-
pressure and 21 000 kPa (preferably 35 000 kPa).
surements at pressures below atmospheric provide a relative
6.2 Vacuum Pump, capable of evacuating the apparatus to <
definition of interparticle voids and are necessary to define the
50 μm pressure (7 mPa).
demarcation between interior pores and exterior voids of some
6.3 Vacuum Gage, reading up to 1000 μm Hg (130 mPa).
resins, particularly of porous resins with a median particle size
6.4 Analytical Balance, capable of measuring to 60.0001 g.
significantly less than 100 μm.
6.5 Camel’s-Hair Brush, or equivalent.
7.7 Follow the instructions in the manual to release the
6.6 Silicone Grease (high vacuum).
pressure in the apparatus. Remove the penetrometer or sample
6.7 Isopropanol, reagent grade, or suitable hydraulic liquid.
holder and remove and dispose of the mercury-contaminated
6.8 Mercury, preferably purified.
resin in a container for chemical waste.
7. Procedure
7.8 Carefully clean the penetrometer or sample holder
assembly prior to reuse. Washing with toluene followed by a
7.1 From an excess of the test resin weighed in a suitable
rinse with acetone will remove silicone lubricant contamina-
dish, carefully transfer an appropriate weight of the resin
tion.
powder to the chamber of the sample holder or penetrometer.
Reweigh the sample dish and remaining powder and obtain the
8. Calculation
sample weight by difference. All weights should be within
60.0001 g.
8.1 The data are first treated to convert the pressure readings
7.2 The sample size to be used is dependent
...