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ASTM D1126-96

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water

Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hardness in water by titration. This test method is applicable to waters that are clear in appearance and free of chemicals that will complex calcium or magnesium. The lower detection limit of this test method is approximately 2 to 5 mg/L as CaCO3; the upper limit can be extended to all concentrations by sample dilution. It is possible to differentiate between hardness due to calcium ions and that due to magnesium ions by this test method.
1.2 This test method was tested on reagent water only. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of the test method for waters of untested matrices.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2002
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.05 - Inorganic Constituents in Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D1126-02 - Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water
Effective Date
10-May-2002

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ASTM D1126-96 - Standard Test Method for Hardness in Water
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1126 – 96
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
1
Hardness in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DoD Index of Specifications and
Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.
3
1. Scope T , which has a red color in the presence of calcium and
magnesium and a blue color when they are sequestered.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of hardness in
water by titration. This test method is applicable to waters that
5. Significance and Use
are clear in appearance and free of chemicals that will complex
5.1 Hardness salts in water, notably calcium and magne-
calcium or magnesium. The lower detection limit of this test
sium, are the primary cause of tube and pipe scaling, which
method is approximately 2 to 5 mg/L as CaCO ; the upper limit
3
frequently causes failures and loss of process efficiency due to
can be extended to all concentrations by sample dilution. It is
clogging or loss of heat transfer, or both.
possible to differentiate between hardness due to calcium ions
5.2 Hardness is caused by any polyvalent cations, but those
and that due to magnesium ions by this test method.
other than Ca and Mg are seldom present in more than trace
1.2 This test method was tested on reagent water only. It is
amounts. The term hardness was originally applied to water in
the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of the test
which it was hard to wash; it referred to the soap-wasting
method for waters of untested matrices.
properties of water. With most normal alkaline water, these
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
soap-wasting properties are directly related to the calcium and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
magnesium content.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
6. Interferences
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6.1 The substances shown in Table 1 represent the highest
concentrations that have been found not to interfere with this
2. Referenced Documents
determination.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.2 The test method is not suitable for highly colored
2
D 1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
waters, which obscure the color change of the indicator.
2
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
2
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
7. Reagents
D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
2
duits
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
3. Terminology
4
tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society.
3.1 Definitions:
Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that
3.1.1 equivalent per million (epm)—a unit chemical equiva-
the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use
lent weight of solute per million unit weights of solution.
without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
3.1.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
7.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, reference
refer to Terminology D 1129.
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
to Specification D 1193, Type I. Other reagent water types may
4. Summary of Test Method
be used provided it is first ascertained that the water is of
4.1 Calcium and magnesium ions in water are sequestered
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without adversely
by the addition of disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate. The
end point of the reaction is detected by means of Chrome Black
3
3–Hydroxy–4-(1–hydroxy-2–napththyl) azo-7–nitro–1 naphthalenesulfonic
acid, sodium salt, Color Index 14645.
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-19 on Water Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
in Water. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 1996. Published October 1996. Originally Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharm
...

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1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Bisphenol A in Environmental Waters by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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1.2 A full collaborative study to meet the requirements of Practice D2777 has not been completed. This standard contains single-operator precision and bias based on single-operator data. Publication of standards that have not been fully validated is done to make the current technology accessible to users of standards, and to solicit additional input from the user community.  
1.3 A reporting limit check sample (RLCS) is analyzed during every batch to ensure that if an analyte was present in a sample at or near the reporting limit it would be positively identified and accurately quantitated within set quality control limits. A method detection limit (MDL) study was not done for this method, the method detection limits would be much lower than the reporting limits in this method and would be irrelevant. A RLCS was determined to be more applicable for this standard. If this method is adapted to report much lower or near the MDL then a MDL study would be warranted.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 The Reporting Range for the target analytes are listed in Table 1.  
1.5.1 The reporting limit in this test method is the minimum value below which data are documented as non-detects. The reporting limit is calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 calibration standard as shown in Table 6 after taking into account an 8 mL water sample volume and a final diluted sample volume of 10 mL (80 % water/20 % methanol).  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.2 The method detection limit (MDL) and reporting limit (RL) for NP, NP1EO, NP2EO, and OP are listed in Table 1.    
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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