ASTM D1247-54(1975)

Method of Sampling Manufactured Gas (Withdrawn 1986)

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Technical Committee: D03 - Gaseous Fuels
• Drafting Committee: D03.01 - Collection and Measurement of Gaseous Samples

Standards Content (Sample)

Amertr;.~n Ntcional S!andltd 1.77 7-1973 IR-1963)
Designation: D 1247 - 54
AI>Ploved March 21. 1973
(Reapproved 1975)
By Ame11con N 11 onll Sund~rds lns1~u1e
Standard Method of
SAMPLING MANUFACTURED GAS
This Standard is issued under the fi•cd designation 0 1247: the number im~cdiately fo\lov.·ing the designation . indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision. the year of last n:,u ,on. A number tn parentheses tndtcates the
year of last reapproval.
ta0.141 m ' l
I. Scope
I 0 ft' (0.283 rn' l
Total sulfur by Referee·s apparatus
10ft '10 283 m'l
1.1 T his method covers the procedures for Determination of ammonia
s to 10 rt• t0.14 1
Determination of napht halene
securing representative samples of manufac­
to 0.283 m ' l
1100 em'
Hydrotten sulridc by Tutwetler
tured gas, and correlates the size or type of
method
sample with the ana lysis to be done subse­
5 ft' (0.141 m' l
Hydro~en quently on that sample. ctpitation
NOTE- The values stated in U.S. customary
4. Description of Terms
units arc 10 be regarded as the standard.
4.1 Manufactured Gas-The expression
l . General Considerations
"manufactured gas" as used in this method
2.1 In collecting samples of manufactured
refers to fuel gas made from certam raw ma­
gas, consideration must be given to the pur­
terials. primarily coal and oil. It may consist
poses for which the samples are to be used
of one or more of such gases as carbureted
and the conditions under which they must be
water gas, coke oven gas. re-formed natural
secured. Consideration must also be given to
gas, producer gas, and oil gas. The principal
the volume of sample required for t he purpose
constituents of this mixture a re hydrogen.
intended. to the size and length of the sam­
carbon monoxide, saturated and unsaturated
pling line, and to the size and design of con·
hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and
tainers. Account must be taken of the possible
oxygen. 1 mpurities may include organic sul­
constituents in the gas with reference to any
fur, hydrogen sulfide. and ammonia.
action upon the material of which the lines,
4.2 Sampling Probe is that portion of the
containers, and auxiliary equipment are con·
sampling line attached to, and possibly ex­
structed. The procedure used should be ca­
tending into. the main or vessel containing the
pable of giving results that can be duplicated.
gas to be sampled.
Unless a representative sample has been ob­
4.3 Sampling Line is that portion of the
tained, the results of any subsequent a nalyt­piping or tubing through which the sample is
ical test. regardless of the accuracy of the test
conducted from the sampling probe to the
itself, will be erroneous and misleading.
sample container.
4.4 Sample Container is the vessel in which
3. Volume of Sample Required
the gas sample is collected, stored, and trans­
3.1 The volume of sample collected is gov­
ported to the analytical apparatus.
erned by the test to be made and the method
to be used. The following volumes are min­5. Outline of Method
imum amounts sufficient for two determina­5.1 The method specifies the conditions for
tions and necessary purging:
IOOO cm'
Chemical ~a~ analysis
5 to 10ft' (0.14 1 • This method is under tho: jurisdiwon of ASTM Com·
Fractionatton ttas analysis
to 0.283 m')
m ittee D-3 an Gaseo us Fuels.
I ft' (0.028 m'l Current edition effective Sept. 15. 1954. OnJ>n~lly Is­
Specific gravit)
3 to 5 ft ' (0.085 sued 1952. Replaces D 1247 S2 T .
Heating value (Btu)
0 1247
conducting a stream of ga~ from the ~ampling hr.tss tubing ·}S: to ·l!. in. (2.4 to 9.5 mm) in
~ource into a purged container, and th u~ se­outside diameter, ure recommended us sam·
piing lines. Wh ere sulfur compounds are to be
curing a representative sample. Snap ~amples
may suffice, or a serits of consecutive snap determined, glas~ o r quartz tubing should be
S u~cd for the low pressures and aluminum
~ample. Average: samples may al~o be ob­when higher pressures are met. Any sumpling
t.Jined by continuous sampling into a portable
line should be as short and of as small a di·
container or direct to a recording or indi­amcter as practicable to decrease purging
cating instrument over a predetermined period time, particularly in the case of a continuous
of time. sampling line direct from the source of supply
5.2 Purging may be accompli~hed by to analytical apparatus in order that the test
means of the gas to he sampled, c1ther by dls­in.,t rumcnt may follow closely any change in
place"'cnt of air or by water displacement; or composition of the supply.
by the utilization of u vacuum. 6.1.3 Sample Containers may va ry in size
5.3 Manufactured gas will usually be under from 125 cma to several cubic feet. The design
~uflic1ent pressure to purge and fill the o;ample and type may take many forms. such. as
container; otherwise auxiliary mechanical tubes. cylinders, or tanks, which may be
equipment must be employed (see 6.1.4). ~ealed by stopcocks or valves. They shall be
5.4 The choice of the type of sample made of material th<~.t will not react with the
("snap" or "continuous"), the method of purg­ sample, usudlly glass, steel, or any metal or
ing the kind of container. and the selection of alloy sufficiently strong and gastight. Figures
auxiliary prcssure equtpment, will be deter­ 3, 4, and 5 illustrate typi~al sample con­
mined by the analyses to be donc on the sam­ tainers. Whenever necessary to ship u sample
ple, by the composition of the gas to be sam­ of manufactured gas under pressure, the con­
pled, and hy the available equtpmenl. tainer must meet the requirements of the In­
terstate Commerce Commission, and it
6. Apparatus
should be correctly labeled for identification
6.1 The sampling equipment should guard dnd proper handling by the analyst. If the
against contamination by air, leakage, and Sdmple is to be sh'ipped under pressure the
losses by absorption or chemical react1on. The ve~sel must comply with the requirements of,
use of rubber should be kept to a mmimum, and be approved by. the Interstate C'<>mmerce
and any rubber used should be of a grade that Commission.
will not react with the sample and that will 6 .1.4 Aspirators and Pu~p.r-When the
have low permeability characteristics. Plastic gas to be collected is not under positive pres­
tubing may be as satisfactory where flc:llibility s ure, some form of aspirating device (see Fig.
is imperative. Rubbe r hose should not be used 6) must be employed to draw the gas through
where high pressures are involved. the sampling probe and into the sample con­
6.1.1 Sampling Probes of metal are prefer­ tainer. This device may be of any of the fol­
able because of their durability. I ron pipe, f~ lowing types:
or 14 in. in diameter, threaded or welded to 6.1.4.1 A very simple form of aspirator,
the main or othc:r source of sample and ex­ which also serves as a sample container is
tending some distance into the vessel, makes a shown in Fig. 6 (a). It consists of two inter­
satisfactory connection. Condensate on the changeable bottles of equal size. Water from
inside surface of the main will be avoided, and the upper bottle, A. nows through the siphon
the point of average velocity of the gas, one tube, £, to the lower bottle, C, thereby cre­
sixth o f the diameter of the main, can be ating a vacuum at tube F. If tube F i~ con­
reached at the same time. Figure I shows a nected to the sampling probe, the gas wtll be
simple open-end sampling tube. If unus ually aspirated into bottle A . When all of the water
high temperatures are encountered, water­ has been siphoned from the upper bottle into
cooled probes (Fig. 2) may be required."
6. 1.2 Sampling Lines-I ron pipe f~ or 'I• ·
'Altieri . . J. "(ia~ ,\naly~i~ ~nd Te~hn$ or (iascOU>
in. in diameter, and copper. Monel metal, or Malcrials." ,\m. Ga' 1\ssn . ,\ Gi\Ci\, I'P· 1ft 79.
0 1247
the lower bottle. they may be interchanged work a~ no solubility precautions .trc neceJ.·
und the aspirating continued as before. sa ry; however. 1t has the dis.tdvantages of ats
6.1.4.2 A double-;lction. rubber-bulb hand cost, excessive weight. and the fact that it
pump, as shown in Fig. 6 (b), IS convenient reacts with hydrogen sulfide. Displl1cemcnt of
for purging sampling <~ppar~tu~ and filling the 'iample from the container to the test ap·
sample containers. It may be u~ed for either paratus may be accomplished by release of
suction or pressure as it has a simple valve at pressure if neither water nor mercury is per­
each end, the two being of opposite action. In missible.
usc. one end of the empty samplt: container is 6. 1.6 Stopcock L ubricanl- An e11cessavc
amount of grease should be avoided when
connected with the ga s supply and the bulb is
connected to the other end with the valves in lubricating stopcocb, since many gases, pa r­
such a position that the pressure and relief on ticularly the hydrocarbons, are soluble in
the bulb will draw air out of the container and these greases. The new silicone lubricants may
be superior to the older commercial products
admit the gas. Fifty compressions of an ordi·
nary 40 to 60 em' capacity bulb will com­ for this purpose.
pletely replace the a ir in a 250 cm sample
7. Proced•re for Collection of Snap Samples
container. A large enough safety is provided
because the bulbs become less efficient with 7.1 Sample containers shown in Fig. 3.
use, although their usefulness can be fairly Type C, and in F1g. 4 are generally used for
well determined by compressing the bulb,
taking snap samples.
closing the intake end, and noting whether 7.2 If there is an abundant supply of gas
there is any leakage. and then repeating, en­ and appreciable pre;;sure. dry procedures (air
deavoring to compress the bulb with the ef­ displacement) may be used. In this method.
fluent end closed. Dust sometimes collects on the container is purged with the gas to be
the ledges of the valve seats, and a seemingly sampled until the original contents are dis­
defective bulb is often remedied by the re­ placed, a now of gas equivalent to ten times
moval of such dust or by welting the valve the volume of the sampling container being
seats with water. An added precaution against sufficient. If it is desired to use the air dis­
air contamination throuah leaky valves should
placement method under negative pressure, an
be taken during sampling This is most aspirating device of the t) pe described in 6.1 .4
readily accomplished by connect ing a length
may be connected to the end of the sample
of rubber tubing to the effluent end of the container and purging operation s pcrformll:d
bulb and placing the outlet of this tube under until the original air ha.:; been displaced.
water. 7.3 In taking a sample when the gas supply
6.1.4.3 A hand pump equipped with is limited, the liquid displacement method is
double-acting valves (Fig. 6 (c)) may be 11sed. usually employed. The container is first lilled
6.1.4.4 When running water is available, an with displacing liquid and then connected to
ordinary laboratory filter pump of the "Chap· the gas supply by means of connections that
man" type, as shown in Fig. 6 (d), may be have previously been purged of air and dead
used for aspirating the gas through the sam· gas. The latter may be done by gas displace­
piing apparatus. If a water pump of this type ment. that is, allowing the primary stream to
is not available, one may readily be impro­
now for a short time before sampling o r
vised. filling the connections with the displacing
6.1.5 Confining or Displacing Mi!dium
liquid before connecting the container. The
used in the sample container should not react container is then filled by allowing the dis·
with the container or the sample. Water is the
placing liquid to run out a head of the gas.
most convenient. but has more or less solvent after which the outlet end of the container is
action on all gases. The error may be mini­ closed and then the inlet.
mized by slightly acidifying the water or by 7.4 When the gas to be sampled is not under
dissolving certain salts in it; for example, so­ pressure, one of the various types of aspira­
dium chloride. Mercury is the most satisfac­ tors or suction pumps previously described
tory liquid and should be used for precise should be used to set up a prima ry stream of
0 1247
gas. A satisfactory arrangement for lilling screw clamps open. force the confining hquid
containers either by water or mercury dis· to the point E. Then, by lowering D. dr.tw
phtcement from streams under supply positive enough gas into 8 to purge the connection
pressure, neutral pressure, or a few inches of (about one fourth the volume of B) and im·
negative: pressure is similar to the: dev1ce , mediately discharge it buck through E. Re­
shown in F1g. 7. If the gas is under appreci· peat the purging procedure and when the
able: positive pressure, bottle A m01y be liquid reaches £ the second time, close screw
omitted from the device and the hose con· clamps D and G. Remove the counection toG
nected directly to the sample cont:Jiner, C. but and replace it in the stopper of bottle C. upon
if the gas is at neutral pressure, and especially which the apparatus is reBdy for collecting a
if it is under slight negative pressure, A i5 sample. The screw clamp D may be adjusted
necl!ssary. The container, C, is filled with the to any desired now of solution and, conse·
displacing liquid from the aspirator bottle 01nd quently, collection of sample. The correct
adjustment of the regulating pump can be
then connected to the sampling tube, D, upon
which the connection is also filled with the made easily by observing the amount of water
liquid or purged by drawing a portion of the dripping from F. The size of the drop for the
sample and rejecting it either back into the particular tube in F should be determined and
used as a basis for calculating rates of collec­
primary sampling stream if there is a contin·
uous now. or to the exterior by means of a tion of sample.
three-way stopcock, as shown . After the 8.1.2 After the gas has been collected, close
connections have been purged, the sample screw clamp D, then A, and again connect Fto
container is filled by allowing the liquid to G (being careful to avoid entrapping air bu~
bles). Place the sample under slight positive
return to the aspirator bottles. In case of neu·
tral or negative pressure, bottle A is partly pressure by raising C until the level of the
liquid is about an inch or two above that m B
filled with gas at the time of taking the
sample and, after closing stopcock £, the a
...