ASTM D7522/D7522M-15

Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength for FRP Laminate Systems Bonded to Concrete Substrate

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The pull-off strength of a bonded FRP system is an important performance property that has been used in specifications, particularly those for assessing the quality of an application. This test method serves as a means for uniformly preparing and testing bonded FRP systems, and evaluating and reporting the results.  
5.2 Variations in results obtained using different devices are possible. Therefore, it is recommended that the type of adhesion test device (including manufacturer and model) be mutually agreed upon between the interested parties.  
5.3 This test method is intended for use in both the field and the laboratory.  
5.4 The basic material properties obtained from this test method can be used in the control of the quality of adhesives and in the theoretical equations for designing FRP systems for external reinforcement to strengthen existing structures.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating the pull-off strength of wet lay-up or pultruded (shop-fabricated) Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminate systems adhesively bonded to a flat concrete substrate. The test determines the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that an FRP system can bear before a plug of material is detached. Failure will occur along the weakest plane within the system comprised of the test fixture, FRP laminate, adhesive and substrate.  
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control and assessment of field repairs of structures using adhesive-applied composite materials.  
1.3 This test method is appropriate for use with FRP systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply orientations comprising the FRP laminate.  
1.4 This test method is not appropriate for use as an “acceptance” or “proof” wherein the FRP system remaining intact at a prescribed force is an acceptable result.  
1.5 Pull-off strength measurements depend upon both material and instrumental parameters. Different adhesion test devices and procedures will give different results and cannot be directly compared.  
1.6 This test method can be destructive. Spot repairs may be necessary. The test method will result in an exposed cut FRP section; repair methods must consider the potential for moisture uptake through this cut section.  
1.7 Prior to the installation of some adhesively bonded FRP systems, the substrate concrete must be patched (often to replace lost concrete volume). This test method is not appropriate for determining the pull-off strength of the FRP from the patch material. An additional test method is required to determine the pull-off strength of the patch from the substrate concrete. Throughout this standard, “substrate” is understood to mean the concrete or concrete patch material to which the FRP is adhered.  
1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Apr-2015
• ICS: 91.100.40 - Products in fibre-reinforced cement
• Technical Committee: D30 - Composite Materials
• Drafting Committee: D30.10 - Composites for Civil Structures

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7522/D7522M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Pull-Off Strength for FRP Laminate Systems Bonded to
1
Concrete Substrate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7522/D7522M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope concrete. Throughout this standard, “substrate” is understood
to mean the concrete or concrete patch material to which the
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure
FRP is adhered.
for evaluating the pull-off strength of wet lay-up or pultruded
1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
(shop-fabricated) Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminate
systems adhesively bonded to a flat concrete substrate.The test are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound
units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system
determines the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that an
FRP system can bear before a plug of material is detached. are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two
Failure will occur along the weakest plane within the system
comprised of the test fixture, FRP laminate, adhesive and systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
substrate.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and assessment of field repairs of structures using adhesive-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
applied composite materials.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This test method is appropriate for use with FRP
systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply
2. Referenced Documents
orientations comprising the FRP laminate.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.4 This test method is not appropriate for use as an
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
“acceptance” or “proof” wherein the FRP system remaining
gregates
intact at a prescribed force is an acceptable result.
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
1.5 Pull-off strength measurements depend upon both ma-
D5229/D5229M Test Method for MoistureAbsorption Prop-
terial and instrumental parameters. Different adhesion test
erties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix
devicesandprocedureswillgivedifferentresultsandcannotbe
Composite Materials
directly compared.
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1.6 This test method can be destructive. Spot repairs may be
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With
necessary. The test method will result in an exposed cut FRP
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
section; repair methods must consider the potential for mois-
Lot or Process
ture uptake through this cut section.
3. Terminology
1.7 Prior to the installation of some adhesively bonded FRP
systems, the substrate concrete must be patched (often to
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
replace lost concrete volume). This test method is not appro-
to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology
priate for determining the pull-off strength of the FRPfrom the
D883definestermsrelatingtoplastics.TerminologyE6defines
patch material. An additional test method is required to
termsrelatingtomechanicaltesting.TerminologyC125defines
determine the pull-off strength of the patch from the substrate
terms relating to concrete. In the event of a conflict between
terms, Terminology D3878 shall have precedence over the
other standards.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.10 on
2
Composites for Civil Structures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 15, 2015. Published May 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D7522/D7522M-09. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D7522_D7522M-15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7522/D7522M − 15
3.2 Symbols: 6.2 Adhesion Testing Device—Improper alignment of the
3.2.1 D—diameter of the loading fixture. adhesion t
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7522/D7522M − 09 D7522/D7522M − 15
Standard Test Method for
Pull-Off Strength for FRP Laminate Systems Bonded to
1
Concrete Substrate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7522/D7522M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating the pull-off strength of wet lay-up or pultruded
(shop-fabricated) Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminate systems adhesively bonded to a flat concrete substrate. The test
determines the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that an FRP system can bear before a plug of material is detached. Failure
will occur along the weakest plane within the system comprised of the test fixture, FRP laminate, adhesive and substrate.
1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control and assessment of field repairs of structures using adhesive-applied
composite materials.
1.3 This test method is appropriate for use with FRP systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply orientations
comprising the FRP laminate.
1.4 This test method is not appropriate for use as an “acceptance” or “proof” wherein the FRP system remaining intact at a
prescribed force is an acceptable result.
1.5 Pull-off strength measurements depend upon both material and instrumental parameters. Different adhesion test devices and
procedures will give different results and cannot be directly compared.
1.6 This test method can be destructive. Spot repairs may be necessary. The test method will result in an exposed cut FRP
section; repair methods must consider the potential for moisture uptake through this cut section.
1.7 Prior to the installation of some adhesively bonded FRP systems, the substrate concrete must be patched (often to replace
lost concrete volume). This test method is not appropriate for determining the pull-off strength of the FRP from the patch material.
An additional test method is required to determine the pull-off strength of the patch from the substrate concrete. Throughout this
standard, “substrate” is understood to mean the concrete or concrete patch material to which the FRP is adhered.
1.8 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units
are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Matrix Composite
Materials
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.10 on Composites
for Civil Structures.
Current edition approved June 1, 2009April 15, 2015. Published July 2009May 2015. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as
D7522/D7522M-09. DOI: 10.1520/D7522_D7522M-09.10.1520/D7522_D7522M-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7522/D7522M − 15
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a Lot or
Process
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating to high-modulus fibers and their composites. Terminology D883
defines terms rel
...