ASTM C1750-11
(Guide)Standard Guide for Development, Verification, Validation, and Documentation of Simulated High-Level Tank Waste
Standard Guide for Development, Verification, Validation, and Documentation of Simulated High-Level Tank Waste
SCOPE
1.1 Intent:
1.1.1 The intent of this guideline is to provide general considerations for the development, verification, validation, and documentation of high-level waste (HLW) tank simulants. Due to the expense and hazards associated with obtaining and working with actual wastes, especially radioactive wastes, simulants are used in a wide variety of applications including process and equipment development and testing, equipment acceptance testing, and plant commissioning. This standard guide facilitates a consistent methodology for development, preparation, verification, validation, and documentation of waste simulants.
1.2 This guideline provides direction on (1) defining simulant use, (2) defining simulant-design requirements, (3) developing a simulant preparation procedure, (4) verifying and validating that the simulant meets design requirements, and (5) documenting simulant-development activities and simulant preparation procedures.
1.3 Applicability:
1.3.1 This guide is intended for persons and organizations tasked with developing HLW simulants to mimic certain characteristics and properties of actual wastes. The process for simulant development, verification, validation, and documentation is shown schematically in Fig. 1. Specific approval requirements for the simulants developed under this guideline are not provided. This topic is left to the performing organization.
1.3.2 While this guide is directed at HLW simulants, much of the guidance may also be applicable to other aqueous based solutions and slurries.
1.3.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 User Caveats:
1.4.1 This guideline is not a substitute for sound chemistry and chemical engineering skills, proven practices and experience. It is not intended to be prescriptive but rather to provide considerations for the development and use of waste simulants.
1.4.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
FIG. 1 Simulant Development, Verification, Validation, and Documentation Flowsheet
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:C1750 −11
Standard Guide for
Development, Verification, Validation, and Documentation of
Simulated High-Level Tank Waste
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1750; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.4.1 This guideline is not a substitute for sound chemistry
and chemical engineering skills, proven practices and experi-
1.1 Intent:
ence. It is not intended to be prescriptive but rather to provide
1.1.1 The intent of this guideline is to provide general
considerationsforthedevelopmentanduseofwastesimulants.
considerations for the development, verification, validation,
1.4.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and documentation of high-level waste (HLW) tank simulants.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Due to the expense and hazards associated with obtaining and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
working with actual wastes, especially radioactive wastes,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
simulants are used in a wide variety of applications including
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
process and equipment development and testing, equipment
acceptance testing, and plant commissioning. This standard
2. Referenced Documents
guide facilitates a consistent methodology for development,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
preparation, verification, validation, and documentation of
C1109 Practice for Analysis of Aqueous Leachates from
waste simulants.
Nuclear Waste Materials Using Inductively Coupled
1.2 This guideline provides direction on (1) defining simu-
Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy
lant use, (2) defining simulant-design requirements, (3) devel-
C1111 Test Method for Determining Elements in Waste
oping a simulant preparation procedure, (4) verifying and
StreamsbyInductivelyCoupledPlasma-AtomicEmission
validating that the simulant meets design requirements, and (5)
Spectroscopy
documenting simulant-development activities and simulant
C1752 Guide for Measuring Physical and Rheological Prop-
preparation procedures.
erties of Radioactive Solutions, Slurries, and Sludges
1.3 Applicability:
D4129 Test Method for Total and Organic Carbon in Water
1.3.1 This guide is intended for persons and organizations
by High Temperature Oxidation and by Coulometric
tasked with developing HLW simulants to mimic certain
Detection
characteristics and properties of actual wastes. The process for
2.2 Environmental Protection Agency SW-846 Methods:
simulant development, verification, validation, and documen-
Method 3010A Acid digestion of Aqueous Samples and
tation is shown schematically in Fig. 1. Specific approval
Extracts for total metals for Analysis by FLAA or ICP
requirements for the simulants developed under this guideline
Spectroscopy
are not provided. This topic is left to the performing organi-
Method 3050B Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges and
zation.
Soils
1.3.2 While this guide is directed at HLW simulants, much
Method 3051A Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of
of the guidance may also be applicable to other aqueous based
Sediments, Sludges and Soils
solutions and slurries.
Method 3052 Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Sili-
1.3.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ceous and Organically Based Matricies
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Method 6010C Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emis-
only.
sion Spectrometry
1.4 User Caveats:
Method 6020A Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spec-
trometry
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on
Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.13 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Spent Fuel and High Level Waste. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved June 1, 2011. Published September 2011. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1750-11. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1750−11
FIG. 1Simulant Development, Verification, Validation, and Documentation Flowsheet
Method 9056A Determination of Inorganic Anions by Ion 3.2.7 NQA-1—Nuclear Quality Assurance
Chromatography
3.2.8 PSD—Particle Size Distribution
3.2.9 QA—Quality Assurance
3. Terminology
3.2.10 QC—Quality Control
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 cognizant engineer, n—lead engineer responsible for
4. Summary of Guide
overall supervision and direction of simulant development.
4.1 This guide provides general considerations on the
3.1.2 simulant, n—a solution or slurry that mimics or
development, preparation, validation, verification, and docu-
replicatesselectedchemical,physicalorrheologicalproperties,
mentation of HLW simulants.
or both, of an actual process or waste stream.
4.2 The first step in the process is to define the purpose for
3.1.3 simulant development test plan, n—a document that
which the simulant will be used. This first step also includes
describes the simulant development process that results in a
specifying the target values or range of values for the chemical
simulant that meets the usage and design requirements identi-
composition and physical and rheological properties of the
fied in the simulant requirements specification.
simulant. The quality assurance requirements are also defined
3.1.4 simulant preparation procedure, n—a document that
in the first step in accordance with the project requirements for
specifies the step by step process of producing the simulant.
which the simulant is being developed.
3.1.5 simulant requirements specification, n—a document
4.3 The next step is to define the simulant design require-
that specifies the simulant use and design requirements.
ments. This involves determining the necessary and sufficient
3.1.6 simulant validation, n—establishment of documented
simulant properties to be measured for each affected unit
evidencethatconfirmsthatbehaviorofthesimulantadequately
operation. Key simulant properties and acceptance criteria are
mimics the targeted actual waste behavior. Simulant validation
developed with regard to the project requirements for which
can be expressed by the query, “Are you making the correct
the simulant is being developed. Standardized chemical, physi-
simulant?” and refers back to the needs for which the simulant
cal and rheological property measurements are referenced.
is being developed.
Topics to be considered during the development and scale-up
3.1.7 simulantverification,n—establishmentofdocumented
of the simulant preparation procedure are provided.Amethod-
evidence which provides a high degree of assurance that the
ology for validation and verification of the simulant is dis-
simulant meets the predetermined design and quality require-
cussed along with suggested documentation.
ments. Simulant verification can be expressed by the query,
5. Significance and Use
“Are you making the simulant properly?”
3.2 Acronyms: 5.1 The development and use of simulants is generally
dictated by the difficulty of working with actual radioactive or
3.2.1 ASME—American Society of Mechanical Engineers
hazardous wastes, or both, and process streams. These diffi-
3.2.2 DI—Deionized Water
culties include large costs associated with obtaining samples of
3.2.3 GFC—Glass Forming Chemicals
significant size as well as significant environmental, safety and
3.2.4 HLW—High-Level Waste
health issues.
3.2.5 LAW—Low-Activity Waste
5.2 Simulant-Development Scope Statement:
3.2.6 N/A—Not Applicable 5.2.1 Simulant Use Definition:
C1750−11
5.2.1.1 The first step should be to determine what the process information, or feed vectors must be assessed. This
simulant is to be used for. Simulants may be used in a wide comparison should highlight analytical outlier values that will
variety of applications including evaluation of process
need to be addressed for an analyte.
performance, providing design input to equipment, facilities
5.2.2.3 For simulant compositions that mimic flow sheet
and operations, acceptance testing of procured equipment or
streams later in the process (after the best available waste
systems, commissioning of equipment or facilities, or trouble-
source-term analytical information on the incoming waste
shooting operations in existing equipment or facilities. A
stream is defined), process flow sheet model runs may be
simulant may be used for single or multiple unit operations.
required to provide estimates of the additional stream compo-
Through the simulant-use definition, the characteristics of the
sitions that incorporate recycle streams from other flow sheet
simulant required for development are determined. The char-
unit operations. Flow sheet runs should consider transient
acteristics may include chemical, physical, rheological or a
behavior of the process in order to provide a range of
combinationoftheseproperties.Theeffectofprocesschemical
compositions such that bounding conditions can be deter-
additions and recycle streams must also be assessed.
mined. The compositional waste-stream source-term data
5.2.1.2 The applicable quality assurance requirements
should be used as inputs to the process model. Any other
should be specified in accordance with the projects quality
planned operations that could affect flow sheet compositions
assurance program. For example in the DOE complex, these
being simulated (for example, adjustment of actual-waste-
requirements often include a QA program that implements
composition data to reflect future waste-feed delivery activities
ASME Nuclear Quality Assurance, NQA-1 (latest revision or
to arrive at the “best forecast composition range”) need to be
as specified by project) and its applicable portions of Part II,
considered. If available, analytical data from actual waste
Subpart 2.7 (latest revision or as specified by project) or Office
characterization and testing should be compared to waste-
of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management QualityAssurance
stream-modeling results to validate the modeling results. The
Requirements Document: QARD DOE/RW 0333P(latest revi-
assumptions and inputs to the process flow sheet used should
sion or as specified by project) QA requirements. Simulant-
bedescribedanddiscussed,andshouldbeincorporatedintothe
development activities that support regulatory and environ-
simulant requirements specification. By this process, the best
mental compliance-related aspects of a waste-vitrification
forecast simulant composition range would be traceable to
program may need to be performed in accordance with project
actual waste-characterization data.
quality-assurance requirements for generating environmental
regulatory data. The use of simulants for project testing that is 5.2.2.4 For simulant compositions formulated for specific
exploratory or scoping in nature may not need to comply with unit operations, the composition may be targeted to only the
specific QA requirements.
chemical, physical, and rheological properties that are known
5.2.2 Simulant Composition Definition: to affect specific key operating or processing parameters.
5.2.2.1 Approaches to simulant-composition development
5.2.2.5 For a simulant intended to bound the limits of a
will vary depending on the type of simulant required for
processorspecificpieceofequipment,arangeofcompositions
testing. Simulant compositions may be based on actual sample
should be developed to define these operational limits. For
characterization data, formulated for specific unit operations,
example, purely physical simulants may be used to determine
or used for bounding or testing the limits of a process or
the rheological bounds between which a specific vessel is able
specific piece of equipment. Key properties that are to be
to meet a required process condition. For this approach,
simulated should be identified as it may be difficult and
multiple simulants may be required to test numerous param-
unnecessary to develop simulants that exactly mimic all actual
eters.Abounding simulant may consist of an existing simulant
process stream properties at once.
spiked with specific compounds to test process performance
5.2.2.2 Compositions for simulants based on actual waste
(for example, added organics to test destruction in a melter
samples should be defined using the available characterization
system) or a purely physical simulant to test the acceptable
data as the starting point (see Fig. 2). The best available
physical and rheological process limits of a system.
source-term analytical data, including uncertainties, along with
a comparison against comparable inventory data, historical 5.3 Simulant Design Requirements:
FIG. 2Flowsheet for Simulant Composition Determinations Based Upon Actual Waste Sample Characterization Data
C1750−11
5.3.1 The cognizant engineer should determine the neces- 5.3.5 The key simulant properties and acceptance criteria
sary and sufficient simulant properties to measure for each may be documented in the simulant requirements specification,
preferably in table format.An example for a LAWMelter Feed
affected unit operation, waste, or recycle stream. These should
is provided in X2.1. Each project is encouraged to develop a
bethesameforbothactualwasteandsimulantwastewherethe
similar list.
simulant is based upon actual-waste characterization data.
5.3.6 Standardized chemical, physical, and rheological
Often trace amounts of polyvalent ions or organic constituents
property measurements for work performed should be used
can have a significant influence on physical and rheological
(see Section 2). Use of these property measurements is
properties and must be carefully considered. Appendix X1
essential to ensure standardized, comparable results between
provides an example of chemical, physical, and rheological
all actual-waste and simulant-based tests.
properties-measurement matrices for several common unit
5.4 Simulant Development Test Plan:
operations associated with tank waste treatment waste streams
5.4.1 The person or organization assigned to perform the
that may be considered in developing simulant-design require-
simulant development work may prepare a simulant develop-
ments. A similar chemical, physical, and rheological property-
ment test plan that implements the simulant requirements
measurement matrix shoul
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