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ASTM D4991-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by Vacuum Method

Standard Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by Vacuum Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Containers may be pressurized in accordance with this test method without modification to the closure or to the body of the container. This test method may be used for testing rigid containers intended for the transportation of some liquids by air in accordance with the ICAO TIs or in accordance with the UN TDG.
This test method establishes the point at which leakage commences, with a limit of approximately 95-kPa (13.8-psi) differential. See Test Method D 3078 for flexible packages.  
This test method may not be suitable for some packages, such as packages with paper cap seals, where the test fluid may rapidly deteriorate the packaging.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the testing of empty containers for resistance to leakage under differential pressure conditions such as those which can occur during air transport. It is suitable for testing rigid containers intended for the transportation of some hazardous liquids in accordance with the United Nations Recommendations On The Transport Of Dangerous Goods (UN TDG) and the International Civil Aviation Organization Technical Instructions For The Safe Transport Of Dangerous Goods By Air (ICAO TIs).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2007
ICS
23.160 - Vacuum technology
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4991-94(1999) - Standard Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by Vacuum Method
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7660-20 - Standard Guide for Conducting Internal Pressure Tests on United Nations (UN) Packagings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4919-23 - Standard Guide for Testing of Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods) Packagings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM D6653/D6653M-13(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Determining the Effects of High Altitude on Packaging Systems by Vacuum Method
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2391-22 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Package and Seal Integrity Using Helium as the Tracer Gas
Effective Date
01-Apr-2007

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ASTM D4991-07 - Standard Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by Vacuum MethodASTM D4991-07 - Standard Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by Vacuum Method
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ASTM D4991-07 - Standard Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by Vacuum Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4991 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by Vacuum
1
Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4991; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions: Terms and definitions used in this test
1.1 This test method covers the testing of empty containers
method may be found in Terminology D996.
for resistance to leakage under differential pressure conditions
suchasthosewhichcanoccurduringairtransport.Itissuitable
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
for testing rigid containers intended for the transportation of
3.2.1 rigid container—a container sufficiently rigid that
some hazardous liquids in accordance with the United Nations
under a positive pressure of 100-kPa gage the volumetric
Recommendations On The Transport Of Dangerous Goods
expansion does not exceed 0.5 %, such as a glass bottle.
(UN TDG) and the International Civil Aviation Organization
4. Summary of Test Method
Technical Instructions For The Safe Transport Of Dangerous
Goods By Air (ICAO TIs).
4.1 An empty rigid container to be tested is pressurized by
immersioninanethyleneglycol-watersolutioninatransparent
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
test chamber and subjected to a gradually increasing partial
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
vacuum. The container is observed for signs of leakage, as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
evidenced by escaping air bubbles during depressurization or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
fluid in the container after re-pressurization.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 Containers may be pressurized in accordance with this
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
test method without modification to the closure or to the body
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
of the container. This test method may be used for testing rigid
ments
containersintendedforthetransportationofsomeliquidsbyair
D3078 Test Method for Determination of Leaks in Flexible
in accordance with the ICAOTIs or in accordance with the UN
Packaging by Bubble Emission
TDG.
2.2 United Nations Document:
5.2 This test method establishes the point at which leakage
ST/SG/AC.10/1 Recommendations On The Transport Of
commences, with a limit of approximately 95-kPa (13.8-psi)
3
Dangerous Goods
differential. See Test Method D3078 for flexible packages.
2.3 International Civil Aviation Organization:
5.3 Thistestmethodmaynotbesuitableforsomepackages,
DOC 9284-AN/905 Technical Instructions For The Safe
such as packages with paper cap seals, where the test fluid may
4
Transport Of Dangerous Goods By Air
rapidly deteriorate the packaging.
6. Apparatus
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
6.1 Transparent Vessel, large enough to permit the test
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
specimen(s) to be immersed in the test fluid with a minimum
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
1
headspace of 20 %, capable of withstanding at least 1 ⁄2-atm
Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally
pressure differential, fitted with a flat vacuum-tight cover is
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D4991 – 94 (1999).
DOI: 10.1520/D4991-07.
required.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 Vacuum Gage, Inlet Tube from a Source of Vacuum, and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Outlet Tube to the Atmosphere, shall be sealed into the cover.
the ASTM website.
The inlet and outlet tubes shall be equipped with handoperated
3
Available from United Nations Sales Section, United Nations, New York, NY
valves. The vacuum gage shall be laboratory quality with a
10017.
4
Available from Intereg Group, Inc., 5724 N. Pulaski Rd., Chicago, IL 60646. full-scale range from 0 to 100 kPa (0 to 14.5 psi) with
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4991 − 07
minimum graduations no greater than 2 kPa (0.3 psi) and 8.2 Prior to testing, draw a vacuum to at least 95-kPa
accuracy to within 1 %. A suitable moisture trap, to prevent (13.8-psi) differential and maintain this vacuum for 10 min in
b
...

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5.1 Containers may be pressurized in accordance with this test method without modification to the closure or to the body of the container. This test method may be used for testing rigid containers intended for the transportation of some liquids by air in accordance with the ICAO TIs or in accordance with the UN TDG.  
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Standard Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty Rigid Containers by Vacuum Method

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5.1 Containers may be pressurized in accordance with this test method without modification to the closure or to the body of the container. This test method may be used for testing rigid containers intended for the transportation of some liquids by air in accordance with the ICAO TIs or in accordance with the UN TDG.  
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