ASTM D7177-05(2010)

Standard Specification for Air Channel Evaluation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Dual Track Seamed Geomembranes

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a nondestructive evaluation of the strength and continuity of parallel PVC geomembrane seams separated by an unwelded air channel. The unwelded air channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed and inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of seam can be evaluated by this specification more quickly than by other common nondestructive tests.
1.2 This specification can be used as a substitute for destructive testing or used in conjunction with destructive testing.
1.3 This specification covers PVC sheet 0.760 mm (0.030 in.) and thicker.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2010
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.10 - Geomembranes

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D7177-05 - Standard Specification for Air Channel Evaluation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Dual Track Seamed Geomembranes
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D7177 −05(Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
Air Channel Evaluation of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Dual
Track Seamed Geomembranes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7177; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.3 seam, n—a permanent joining of two or more materi-
als.
1.1 This specification covers a nondestructive evaluation of
the strength and continuity of parallel PVC geomembrane 3.2 For definitions of other terms, see Terminology D4439.
seams separated by an unwelded air channel.The unwelded air
4. Summary of Specification
channel between the two distinct seamed regions is sealed and
inflated with air to a predetermined pressure. Long lengths of
4.1 This specification utilizes a dual seam where an air
seam can be evaluated by this specification more quickly than
channel exists between the two welded zones. Both ends of the
by other common nondestructive tests.
air channel are sealed and then a pressure gauge is attached to
the air space. Air pressure is applied and the gauge is
1.2 This specification can be used as a substitute for
monitored.
destructive testing or used in conjunction with destructive
testing.
4.2 Air pressures used in this specification are related to the
ambient temperature of the PVC geomembrane and can be
1.3 This specification covers PVC sheet 0.760 mm (0.030
used for thickness 0.760 mm (0.030 in.) and thicker PVC
in.) and thicker.
geomembrane. The air pressure is not dependant on thickness
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of the PVC geomembrane being tested.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4.3 The minimum monitoring time is recommended to be ⁄2
min (30 s) following stabilization of the pressure.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to restrict liquid or gas movement, and the common use of dual
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
track seams in joining these sheets, has created a need for a
standard nondestructive test by which the quality of the seams
3. Terminology
can be assessed for continuity, water tightness, and strength.
3.1 Definitions:
The test is also intended to provide an indication of the
3.1.1 dual seam, n—a geomembrane seam with two parallel
physical peel strength of the PVC seam.
welded zones separated by an unwelded air space.
5.2 This specification recommends an air pressure test
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The dual seam itself can be made by a
within the channel created between dual seamed tracks
number of methods; hot wedge, hot air, and ultrasonic bonding
whereby the presence of un-bonded sections or channels,
are all typical techniques.
voids, discontinuities, foreign objects, and the like, in the
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—an essentially impermeable geo-
seamed region can be identified.
synthetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.
5.3 This technique is intended for use on seams of PVC
Geomembrane sheets 0.760 mm (0.030 in.) and thicker formu-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
lated from the appropriate polymers and compounding ingre-
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
dients to form a polyvinyl chloride sheet material that meets all
branes.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally specified requirements for the end use of the product.
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7177–05. DOI:
5.4 This test is used to assure minimum peel strengths are
10.1520/D7177-05R10.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or met through the entire seam area.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.5 This test measures the seam strength to 2.6 kN/m (15
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. lb/in. width minimum) peel strengths.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7177−05 (2010)
TABLE 1 Pressure Required to Verify 15 lb/in. Seam Peel
5.6 Thisprocedureisbasedonanairchannelwidthof15.87
Strength for PVC
6 3.17 mm (0.625 6 0.125 in.). For air channels greater or
lesser in lay flat width use the formula below to calculate hoop
NOTE 1—Data for this chart is acquired from research papers in Section
2 and the bibliography.
stress.
Sheet Sheet Air Air
5.7 Hoop Stress (Barlow’s Formula)—The stress in a chan-
Temperature Temperature Pressure Pressure Hold Time
nelwallactingcircumferentiallyinaplaneperpendiculartothe °C °F KPa PSI
longitudinal axis of the channel and produced by the pressure 4.5 40 414 60 30 s
7 45 386 56 30 s
of the air in the channel.
10 50 358 52 30 s
5.7.1 Hoop Stress Calculation:
13 55 324 47 30 s
15.5 60 290 42 30 s
PD
18 65 276 40 30 s
S 5 (1)
2t 21 70 248 36 30 s
24 75 234 34 30 s
where: 26.5 80 200 29 30 s
29.5 85 186 27 30 s
S = hoop stress, psi,
32 90 172 25 30 s
P = internal pressure,
35 95 165 24 30 s
37.5 100 152 22 30 s
D = outside diameter of the channel, in., and
40.5 105 138 20 30 s
t = normal wall thickness, in.
43.5 110 131 19 30 s
6. Equipment
6.1 Sealing Equipment, appropriate to seal the two ends of
7.5 Inspect the seam from the clamped end for complete
the air channel.
inflation.Iftheseamcompletelyinflatesandthereisnoaudible
or visible evidence of air leakage, the seam passes the test.
6.2 Adevice is necessary to insert air into the open channel
andallowmonitoringitspressure.Thisdeviceisuniquetoeach
7.6 If the channel will not pre
...