ASTM D6194-23

Standard Test Method for Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 During operation of electrical equipment, including wires, resistors, and other conductors, it is possible for overheating to occur under certain conditions of operation, or when malfunctions occur. When this happens, a possible result is ignition of the adjacent insulation material.  
5.2 This test method assesses the susceptibility of electrical insulating materials to ignition as a result of exposure to a glowing wire.  
5.3 This test method determines the minimum temperature required to ignite a material by the effect of a glowing heat source, under the specified conditions of test.  
5.4 This method is suitable, subject to the appropriate limitations of an expected precision of ±15 %, to categorize materials.  
5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat source. In a preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates between the susceptibilities of different materials with respect to their resistance to ignition due to an electrically-heated source.  
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 mm to 6.4 mm.  
1.3 This test method is not valid for determining the ignition behavior of complete electrotechnical equipment, since the design of the electrotechnical product influences the heat transfer between adjacent parts.  
1.4 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.  
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 1: Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-12 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire flammability index (GWFI) using either test method are technically similar. Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) using either test method are technically similar.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2023
• ICS: 13.220.40 - Ignitability and burning behaviour of materials and products
• ICS: 29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general
• Technical Committee: D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
• Drafting Committee: D09.17 - Fire and Thermal Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D6194 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
(GWIT) using either test method are technically similar.
1. Scope*
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
source. In a preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
between the susceptibilities of different materials with respect
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
to their resistance to ignition due to an electrically-heated
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
source.
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials
2. Referenced Documents
available in thicknesses ranging from 0.25 mm to 6.4 mm.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 This test method is not valid for determining the ignition
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
behavior of complete electrotechnical equipment, since the
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
design of the electrotechnical product influences the heat
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
transfer between adjacent parts.
Comparison Techniques
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive
1.4 This test method measures and describes the response or
Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI), The
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
Modernized Metric System
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
2.2 IEC Standard:
IEC 60695-4 Fire Hazard Testing—Part 4: Terminology
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3
Concerning Fire Tests for Electrotechnical Products
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
IEC 60695-2-12 Fire Hazard Testing—Part 2–12: Glowing/
standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)For
Hot-Wire Based Test Methods—Glow-Wire Flammability
specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
3
(GWFI) Test Method for Materials
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
IEC 60695-2-13 Fire Hazard Testing—Section 20: Glowing/
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Hot-Wire Based Test Methods—Glow-Wire Ignition Tem-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3
perature (GWIT) Test Method for Materials
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4
2.3 ISO Standard:
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ISO 13943 Fire Safety—Vocabulary
For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
3. Terminology
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
3.1 Definitions:
conducting these tests.
3.1.1 Use Terminology E176, ISO 13943, and IEC 60695-4
NOTE 1—Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-12 differ in
for definitions of terms used in this test method and associated
approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire flam-
with fire issues. Where differences exist in definitions, those
mability index (GWFI) using either test method are technically similar.
Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in approach and in
detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of the ASTM website.
3
Subcommittee D09.17 on Fire and Thermal Properties. Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 Rue de
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2023. Published February 2023. Originally Varembé, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
4 2
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as D6194 – 18.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6194 − 18 D6194 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Glow-Wire Ignition of Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6194; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the minimum temperature required to ignite insulating materials using a glowing heat source. In a
preliminary fashion, this test method differentiates between the susceptibilities of different materials with respect to their resistance
to ignition due to an electrically-heated source.
1.2 This test method applies to molded or sheet materials available in thicknesses ranging from 0.250.25 mm to 6.4 mm.
1.3 This test method is not valid for determining the ignition behavior of complete electrotechnical equipment, since the design
of the electrotechnical product influences the heat transfer between adjacent parts.
1.4 This test method measures and describes the response or materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled
conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products,
or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. (See
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 for further details.)For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
NOTE 1—Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-12 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained to determine the glow-wire flammability index
(GWFI) using either test method are technically similar. Although this test method and IEC 60695-2-13 differ in approach and in detail, data obtained
using either are technically equivalent. to determine the glow-wire ignition temperature (GWIT) using either test method are technically similar.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.17 on Fire and Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018Feb. 1, 2023. Published December 2018February 2023. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20142018
as D6194 – 14.D6194 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/D6194-18.10.1520/D6194-23.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6194 − 23
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By Comparison Techniques
E230/E230M Specification for Temperature-Electromotive Force (emf) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
IEEE/ASTM SI-10 International System of Units (SI), The Modernized Metric System
2.2 IEC Standard:
3
IEC 60695-4 Fire Hazard Testing—Part 4: Terminology Concerning Fire Tests for Electrotechnical Products
IEC 60695-2-12 Fire Hazard Testing—Part 2–12: Glowing/Hot-Wire Based Test Methods—Glow-Wire Flammability (GWFI)
3
Test Method for Materials
IEC 60695-2-13 Fire Hazard Testing—Section 20: Glowing/Hot-Wire Based Test Methods—Glow-Wire Coil Ignitability
3
Ignition Temperature (GWIT) Test Method for Materials
4
2.3 ISO Standard:
ISO 13943 Fire Safety—Vocabulary
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Use Terminology E176, ISO 13943, and IEC 60695-4 for definitions of
...