ASTM D6763-02
(Guide)Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains
Standard Guide for Testing Exterior Wood Stains
ABSTRACT
This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains. The different conditions that affect coatings are presented in details. The balance of properties must be considered when establishing the requirements and selecting the tests. The different test methods in determining the liquid coating properties are enumerated and discussed. The different methods in determining the coating application and film formation are presented and discussed in details. The different test methods of determining the appearance of dry films are presented. The different test method of determining the dry coating properties are presented in details. The different test methods and practices in performing the chemical analysis of exterior woods are presented in details. Although many of the recommended test methods attempt to simulate conditions under which coatings are applied and used, it is not possible to duplicate accurately all possible conditions. Testing materials, including appropriate controls, under field conditions is recommended for the final evaluation of suitability.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures for testing exterior wood stains. This includes both water borne and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains. The properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
Note 1—The term "opaque stain" is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also called solid color or solid hide.
Note 2—The term "semitransparent" is defined as a pigmented composition intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D6763–02
Standard Guide for
Testing Exterior Wood Stains
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6763; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 358 Specification for Wood To Be Used As Panels in
Weathering Tests of Coatings
1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of procedures
D 522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached
for testing exterior wood stains.This includes both water borne
Organic Coatings
and solvent borne semitransparent and opaque stains. The
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
properties that can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant
D 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring
test procedures are listed in 2.1 and 2.2.
Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-
NOTE 1—The term “opaque stain” is defined as a pigmented composi- 2
eter
tion intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish that
D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
obscures the grain and color of the wood, but not its surface texture; also
Exterior Paints
called solid color or solid hide.
D 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking of
NOTE 2—The term “semitransparent” is defined as a pigmented com-
Exterior Paints
position intended for use on wooden surfaces to produce a uniform finish
that does not fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood.
D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
Exterior Paints
1.1.1 Discussion—When applied to woods that differ in
D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
color, there is a color difference between stained substrates.
Paints
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-
D 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
ing) of Exterior Paints
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
D 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling of
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
Paint
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
D 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
Coatings by Falling Abrasive
2. Referenced Documents
D 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests of
Paints on Wood
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,
D 1210 TestMethodforFinenessofDispersionofPigment-
and Applications
Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup
D 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
Tester
Diluents
D93 Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens
D 1310 Test Method for Flash Point and Fire Point of
Closed Cup Tester
Liquids by Tag Open Cup Apparatus
D 154 Guide for Testing Varnishes
D 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,
and Related Products
Pastes, and Paints
D 1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and
D 215 Practice for the ChemicalAnalysis of White Linseed
Particle Panel Materials
Oil Paints
D 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing or Film Formation
D 344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints by
of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
the Visual Evaluation of Brushouts
D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D 1849 Test Method for Package Stability of Paint
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2002. Published April 2002.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.10.
4 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6763–02
D 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non- D 4212 Test Method for Viscosity by Dip-Type Viscosity
Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield type) Vis- Cups
cometer D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalk-
D 2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings by ing of Exterior Paint Films
D 4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using a
Scrape Adhesion
Cone/Plate Viscometer
D 2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-
D 4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a
Borne Coatings
Multinotch Applicator
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
D 4446 Test Method for Anti-Swelling Effectiveness of
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Water-Repellent Formulations and Differential Swelling of
D 2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and OilAcids
Untreated Wood When Exposed to Liquid Water Environ-
in Solvent-Reducible Paints
2 ments
D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
D 4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings
D 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic
2 Using Controlled Condensation
Coatings
D 4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag of
D 2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-
Latex Paints
Reducible Paints
D 5326 Test Method for Color Development in Tinted
D 2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle from Solvent-
Latex Paints
Reducible Paints
D 5401 Test Method for Evaluating Clear Water Repellent
D 2486 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paints
Coatings on Wood
D 2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints in
E70 Test Method of pH of Aqueous Solutions with the
the Container to Attack by Microorganisms
Glass Electrode
D 2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints
E 313 PracticeforCalculatingYellownessandWhitenessof
D 2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in
Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
Clear or Pigmented Coatings
E 1347 Test Method for Color and Color- Difference Mea-
D 2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-
surement by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry
tometry
2.2 U.S. Federal Standards:
D 3168 Practice for Qualitative Identification of Polymers
U.S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141 C
in Emulsion Paints
2131 Application of Sprayed Films
D 3274 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Surface 2141 Application of Brushed Films
Disfigurement of Paint Films by Microbial (Fungal or 3011 Condition in Container
Algal) Growth or Soil and Dirt Accumulation 4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability
4401 Odor
D 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
4421 Absorption Test
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dried Film
D 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape
6301 Wet Adhesion (Tape Test)
Test
2.3 Other Documents:
D 3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior Exposure
Paint/Coatings Dictionary of the Federation of Societies for
Tests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to Microbiological
Coatings Technology
Attack
Paint and Coatings Testing Manual
D 3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection on
Coated Exterior Panels
3. Terminology
D 3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water-
3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-
Emulsion Paints by Low-Temperature Ashing
ogyD16, D 1038, and D 1554 and to the FSCTStain/Coatings
D 3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence of
Dictionary.
Latex Paint Films
D 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Related
4. Conditions Affecting Coatings
Pigmented Coatings
4.1 Moisture—Wood is porous and will absorb moisture,
D 3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or Sheen
causing it to swell. As it dries, it will shrink. It is this cycle of
Uniformity
shrinking and swelling that causes warping and cracking in the
D 3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-
wood substrate. This dimensional instability stresses a coating,
pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related Coatings
affecting its durability. Many semitransparent and opaque, or
D 4017 Test Method forWater in Paints and Paint Materials
solid color, exterior stains are formulated to repel water to
by Karl Fischer Method
D 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic
2 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
Coatings by the Taber Abraser
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
D 4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-Down
Available from the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 492
Method Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422.
D6763–02
protect wood from ingress of moisture, thereby reducing the those properties. The balance of properties must be considered
tendency of the wood to warp and crack. when establishing the requirements and selecting the tests.The
4.2 Substrate Type—The substrate to be coated can affect significance of the tests and the normal range of values are
not only the application properties of a coating, such as gloss presented in the different sections, in most cases.
and uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type of
6. Sampling
coating to use. For instance, a primer may be required for
6.1 Prior to sampling, the condition of the container should
previously coated wood that will receive opaque stain; or a
becheckedsincedamagetoitmaycauseevaporation,skinning
primer-sealer on previously uncoated wood. Other factors
or other undesirable effects on the coatings.
include the type and quality of wood or wood composite
6.2 Sample in accordance with Practice D 3925. Determine
(plywood, particle board or hardboard).
thedensityinpoundspergallon(kilograms/litre)inaccordance
4.3 Substrate Conditions—Conditions such as species of
with Test Method D 1475. Continue sampling and determining
wood, porosity, degree of weathering, and previous coatings
density until successive results agree within 0.1 lb (45 g) or as
determine the kind of coating that can be applied. The
agreed upon between the purchaser and seller. Then take
performance of coatings on uncoated new wood can be
samples for testing.
influenced by the presence of mill glaze and wood grain
orientation.Theconditionofpreviouslystainedsubstratessuch 6.3 Specifytheamountrequiredforarepresentativesample,
the package sizes, and an identification code. A 1-US gal (or
as degree of chalk, presence of dirt, mold, and water-soluble or
oily contaminants, extractives, film adhesion, and porosity also 4-L)sampleisusuallysufficientfortherecommendedtests,but
for guidance in selecting a sampling plan consult Practice
influence the performance of coatings. Smoothness of the
substrate affects the spreading rate, final appearance, and E 105.
texture.
7. Liquid Coating Properties
4.4 Preparationofpreviouslycoatedorweatheredsubstrates
7.1 Skinning—Coatings that contain a binder that dries by
including cleaning, sanitizing, and sanding.
oxidation may be subject to skin formation in a partially-filled
4.5 The application properties are affected by temperature
can. Since skins are insoluble in the material they must be
and humidity at the time of application and during drying.
removed before use. The referenced test in a partially-filled
4.5.1 For Water Reducible—As these materials contain
container indicates the tendency of the material to skin. A
water, surfaces do not have to be completely dry before
typical minimum time for skinning in accordance with this
application. However, application and surface temperatures
method is 48 h. Examine the original sample for skins, both on
lower than 50°F may cause poor film formation.
and below the surface. Using a well-mixed skin-free portion of
4.5.2 For Solvent Reducible—Surface dampness may ad-
the sample, perform a skinning test in accordance with Guide
versely effect film uniformity, wetting, and adhesion. Humidity
D 154.
and low temperature have relatively little effect except for
7.2 ConditioninContainer—Thickening,settling,andsepa-
slowing the drying.
ration are undesirable and objectionable if material that has
4.6 Substrate Weathering—Weathering of wood before
been stored cannot be readily reconditioned and made suitable
staining will adversely affect the performance of exterior
for application with a reasonable amount of stirring. The
coatings.
referenced method covers procedures for determining changes
4.6.1 Substrate Aspects of the Building—If construction
in properties after storage and lists characteristics that are
defects or defects due to age are such that excessive moisture
undesirable and objectionable in a stored stain. Determine
from the inside or the outside makes it way through the
condition in the container in accordance with Method 3011 of
substrate or if the substrate is in direct contact with damp
Federal Test Method Standard No. 141. (See also 7.12,
ground, blistering flaking or peeling may result.
Package Stability).
4.6.2 Environmental conditions after application, both gen-
7.3 Coarse Particles and Foreign Matter—Liquid coatings
eral for the area and specific, such as under eaves, behind
must be free of coarse particles and foreign matter to be able to
shrubbery, northside and southside exposure are significant
form uniform films of good appearance, a typical maximum
weathering factors.
being 0.5 weight % of the total material. The referenced
5. Selection of Tests
method with a 325-mesh (45 µm) screen gives the percent of
5.1 Because the conditions to which a coating is subjected these particles. Determine content of coarse particles and
vary with (1) the surface type: deck, siding, species of wood foreign matter in accordance with Test Methods D 185.
and (2) the service environment; sheltered, exposed, and 7.4 Density or Weight per Gallon—Thedensitymeasuredin
horizontal, specialized types of solvent-borne and water-borne pounds per gallon (kilograms per litre = g/mL) is used to
coatings have been developed for the different locations. ensure product uniformity from batch to batch, provides a
Selection of the referenced methods to be followed must be check against the theoretical weight calculated from the
governed by experience and the requirements in each indi- formula, and is useful for det
...
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