ASTM E606/E606M-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
Standard Test Method for Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Strain-controlled fatigue is a phenomenon that is influenced by the same variables that influence force-controlled fatigue. The nature of strain-controlled fatigue imposes distinctive requirements on fatigue testing methods. In particular, cyclic total strain should be measured and cyclic plastic strain should be determined. Furthermore, either of these strains typically is used to establish cyclic limits; total strain usually is controlled throughout the cycle. The uniqueness of this test method and the results it yields are the determination of cyclic stresses and strains at any time during the tests. Differences in strain histories other than constant-amplitude alter fatigue life as compared with the constant amplitude results (for example, periodic overstrains and block or spectrum histories). Likewise, the presence of nonzero mean strains and varying environmental conditions may alter fatigue life as compared with the constant-amplitude, fully reversed fatigue tests. Care must be exercised in analyzing and interpreting data for such cases. In the case of variable amplitude or spectrum strain histories, cycle counting can be performed with Practice E1049.
4.2 Strain-controlled fatigue can be an important consideration in the design of industrial products. It is important for situations in which components or portions of components undergo either mechanically or thermally induced cyclic plastic strains that cause failure within relatively few (that is, approximately 5) cycles. Information obtained from strain-controlled fatigue testing may be an important element in the establishment of design criteria to protect against component failure by fatigue.
4.3 Strain-controlled fatigue test results are useful in the areas of mechanical design as well as materials research and development, process and quality control, product performance, and failure analysis. Results of a strain-controlled fatigue test program may be used in the formulation of empirical relat...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fatigue properties of nominally homogeneous materials by the use of test specimens subjected to uniaxial forces. It is intended as a guide for fatigue testing performed in support of such activities as materials research and development, mechanical design, process and quality control, product performance, and failure analysis. While this test method is intended primarily for strain-controlled fatigue testing, some sections may provide useful information for force-controlled or stress-controlled testing.
1.2 The use of this test method is limited to specimens and does not cover testing of full-scale components, structures, or consumer products.
1.3 This test method is applicable to temperatures and strain rates for which the magnitudes of time-dependent inelastic strains are on the same order or less than the magnitudes of time-independent inelastic strains. No restrictions are placed on environmental factors such as temperature, pressure, humidity, medium, and others, provided they are controlled throughout the test, do not cause loss of or change in dimension with time, and are detailed in the data report.
Note 1: The term inelastic is used herein to refer to all nonelastic strains. The term plastic is used herein to refer only to the time-independent (that is, noncreep) component of inelastic strain. To truly determine a time-independent strain the force would have to be applied instantaneously, which is not possible. A useful engineering estimate of time-independent strain can be obtained when the strain rate exceeds some value. For example, a strain rate of 1 × 10−3 sec−1 is often used for this purpose. This value should increase with increasing test temperature.
1.4 This test method is restricted to the testing of uniform gage section test specimens subjected to axial forces as shown in Fig. 1(a). Testing is limited to strain-controlled cycling. The test ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E606/E606M − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E606/E606M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope times at repeated intervals.The test method may be adapted to
guide testing for more general cases where strain or tempera-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fatigue
ture may vary according to application specific histories. Data
properties of nominally homogeneous materials by the use of
analysis may not follow this test method in such cases.
test specimens subjected to uniaxial forces. It is intended as a
guideforfatiguetestingperformedinsupportofsuchactivities 1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
as materials research and development, mechanical design, are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
process and quality control, product performance, and failure each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
analysis. While this test method is intended primarily for system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
strain-controlled fatigue testing, some sections may provide values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
useful information for force-controlled or stress-controlled with the standard.
testing.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2 The use of this test method is limited to specimens and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
does not cover testing of full-scale components, structures, or
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
consumer products.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3 Thistestmethodisapplicabletotemperaturesandstrain
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
rates for which the magnitudes of time-dependent inelastic
strains are on the same order or less than the magnitudes of
2. Referenced Documents
time-independent inelastic strains. No restrictions are placed
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
on environmental factors such as temperature, pressure,
A370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
humidity, medium, and others, provided they are controlled
of Steel Products
throughoutthetest,donotcauselossoforchangeindimension
E3Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
with time, and are detailed in the data report.
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
NOTE 1—The term inelastic is used herein to refer to all nonelastic
E8/E8MTest Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
strains. The term plastic is used herein to refer only to the time-
terials
independent (that is, noncreep) component of inelastic strain. To truly
E9Test Methods of Compression Testing of Metallic Mate-
determine a time-independent strain the force would have to be applied
instantaneously, which is not possible. A useful engineering estimate of
rials at Room Temperature
time-independentstraincanbeobtainedwhenthestrainrateexceedssome
E83Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-
−3 −1
value. For example, a strain rate of 1×10 sec is often used for this
someter Systems
purpose. This value should increase with increasing test temperature.
E111Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Tangent Modulus,
1.4 This test method is restricted to the testing of uniform
and Chord Modulus
gage section test specimens subjected to axial forces as shown
E112Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size
in Fig. 1(a).Testing is limited to strain-controlled cycling.The
E132Test Method for Poisson’s Ratio at RoomTemperature
test method may be applied to hourglass specimens, see Fig.
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
1(b), but the user is cautioned about uncertainties in data
ASTM Test Methods
analysis and interpretation. Testing is done primarily under
E209PracticeforCompressionTestsofMetallicMaterialsat
constant amplitude cycling and may contain interspersed hold
Elevated Temperatures with Conventional or Rapid Heat-
ing Rates and Strain Rates
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue
and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic
2
Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2021.PublishedJuly2021.Originallyapproved contact ASTM Cust
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E606/E606M − 19 E606/E606M − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Strain-Controlled Fatigue Testing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E606/E606M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—The published year date in footnote 1 was editorially corrected in April 2020.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of fatigue properties of nominally homogeneous materials by the use of test
specimens subjected to uniaxial forces. It is intended as a guide for fatigue testing performed in support of such activities as
materials research and development, mechanical design, process and quality control, product performance, and failure analysis.
While this test method is intended primarily for strain-controlled fatigue testing, some sections may provide useful information for
force-controlled or stress-controlled testing.
1.2 The use of this test method is limited to specimens and does not cover testing of full-scale components, structures, or consumer
products.
1.3 This test method is applicable to temperatures and strain rates for which the magnitudes of time-dependent inelastic strains
are on the same order or less than the magnitudes of time-independent inelastic strains. No restrictions are placed on environmental
factors such as temperature, pressure, humidity, medium, and others, provided they are controlled throughout the test, do not cause
loss of or change in dimension with time, and are detailed in the data report.
NOTE 1—The term inelastic is used herein to refer to all nonelastic strains. The term plastic is used herein to refer only to the time-independent (that is,
noncreep) component of inelastic strain. To truly determine a time-independent strain the force would have to be applied instantaneously, which is not
possible. A useful engineering estimate of time-independent strain can be obtained when the strain rate exceeds some value. For example, a strain rate
−3 −1
of 1 × 10 sec is often used for this purpose. This value should increase with increasing test temperature.
1.4 This test method is restricted to the testing of uniform gage section test specimens subjected to axial forces as shown in Fig.
1(a). Testing is limited to strain-controlled cycling. The test method may be applied to hourglass specimens, see Fig. 1(b), but the
user is cautioned about uncertainties in data analysis and interpretation. Testing is done primarily under constant amplitude cycling
and may contain interspersed hold times at repeated intervals. The test method may be adapted to guide testing for more general
cases where strain or temperature may vary according to application specific histories. Data analysis may not follow this test
method in such cases.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E08 on Fatigue and Fracture and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E08.05 on Cyclic
Deformation and Fatigue Crack Formation.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019June 1, 2021. Published February 2020July 2021. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 20122019 as
ɛ1
E606/E606M – 12.E606/E606M – 19 . DOI: 10.1520/E0606_E0606M-19E01.10.1520/E0606_E0606M-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E606/E606M − 21
NOTE 1—* Dimension d is recommended to be 6.35 mm [0.25 in.]. See 7.1. Centers permissible. ** This diameter may be made greater or less than
2d depending on material hardness. In typically ductile materials diameters less than 2d are often employed and in typically brittle materials diameters
greater than 2d may be found desirable.
NOTE 2—Threaded connections are more prone to inferior axial alignment and have greater potential for backlash, particularly if the connection with
the grip is not properly designed.
FIG. 1 Recommended Low-Cycle Fatigue Specimens
1.6 This international standard was d
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