ASTM D5831-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Screening Fuels in Soils
Standard Test Method for Screening Fuels in Soils
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is a screening procedure for determining the presence of fuels containing aromatic compounds in soils. If the contaminant fuel is available for calibration, the approximate concentration of the fuel in the soil can be calculated. If the fuel type is known, but the contaminant fuel is not available for calibration, an estimate of the contaminant fuel concentration can be calculated using average response factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel is unknown, a contaminant concentration cannot be calculated, and the test method can only be used only to indicate the presence or absence of fuel contamination.
Fuels containing aromatic compounds, such as diesel fuel and gasoline, as well as other aromatic-containing hydrocarbon materials, such as crude oil, coal oil, and motor oil, can be determined by this test method. The quantitation limit for diesel fuel is about 75 mg/kg. Approximate quantitation limits for other aromatic-containing hydrocarbon materials that can be determined by this screening test method are given in Table 1. Quantitation limits for highly aliphatic materials, such as aviation gasoline and synthetic motor oil, are much higher than those for more aromatic materials, such as coal oil and diesel fuel.
Note 1—The quantitation limits listed in Table 1 are approximate values because in this test method, the quantitation limit can be influenced by the particular fuel type and soil background levels. For information on how the values given in Table 1 were determined, see Appendix X1. Data generated during the development of this screening test method and other information pertaining to this test method can be found in the research reports. (1,2)
When applying this test method to sites contaminated by diesel fuel, care should be taken in selecting the appropriate response factor from the list given in Table 2, with consideration given to whether or not the fuel contamination is fresh or has undergone weathering/or biodegradatio...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a screening procedure for determining the presence of fuels containing aromatic compounds in soils. If the contaminant fuel is available for calibration, the approximate concentration of the fuel in the soil can be calculated. If the contaminant fuel type is known, but the contaminant fuel is not available for calibration, an estimate of the concentration of the fuel in the soil can be determined using average response factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel is unknown, this screening test method can be used to identify the possible presence of contamination.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5831 − 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Screening Fuels in Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E925Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-
Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth
1.1 This test method is a screening procedure for determin-
does not Exceed 2 nm
ing the presence of fuels containing aromatic compounds in
soils. If the contaminant fuel is available for calibration, the
3. Terminology
approximate concentration of the fuel in the soil can be
calculated. If the contaminant fuel type is known, but the 3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthisscreen-
contaminantfuelisnotavailableforcalibration,anestimateof ing test method, refer to Terminology E131.
theconcentrationofthefuelinthesoilcanbedeterminedusing
4. Summary of Test Method
average response factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel
is unknown, this screening test method can be used to identify
4.1 Asampleofsoilisextractedwithisopropylalcohol,and
the possible presence of contamination.
the extract is filtered. The ultraviolet absorbance of the extract
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as is measured at 254 nm. If the contaminant fuel is available for
calibration, the approximate concentration of contamination is
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. calculated. If the contaminant fuel type is known, but the
contaminantfuelisnotavailableforcalibration,anestimateof
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the contaminant concentration is determined using average
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
response factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel is not
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
known,theabsorbancevalueisusedtoindicatethepresenceor
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
absence of fuel contamination. Calcium oxide is added to the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
soil as a conditioning agent to minimize interferences from
humic materials and moisture present in the soil. Particulate
2. Referenced Documents
interferences are removed by passing the extract through a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
filter.
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
5. Significance and Use
E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
5.1 This test method is a screening procedure for determin-
E169PracticesforGeneralTechniquesofUltraviolet-Visible
ing the presence of fuels containing aromatic compounds in
Quantitative Analysis
soils. If the contaminant fuel is available for calibration, the
E177Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
approximate concentration of the fuel in the soil can be
ASTM Test Methods
calculated. If the fuel type is known, but the contaminant fuel
E275PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceof
is not available for calibration, an estimate of the contaminant
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
fuel concentration can be calculated using average response
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel is unknown, a
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
contaminant concentration cannot be calculated, and the test
method can only be used only to indicate the presence or
absence of fuel contamination.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on
5.2 Fuels containing aromatic compounds, such as diesel
Screening Methods.
fuel and gasoline, as well as other aromatic-containing hydro-
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
carbonmaterials,suchascrudeoil,coaloil,andmotoroil,can
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5831–03 (2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D5831-09.
be determined by this test method. The quantitation limit for
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
diesel fuel is about 75 mg/kg.Approximate quantitation limits
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
for other aromatic-containing hydrocarbon materials that can
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. be determined by this screening test method are given inTable
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D5831–03 (Reapproved 2008) Designation:D5831–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Screening Fuels in Soils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is a screening procedure for determining the presence of fuels containing aromatic compounds in soils. If
the contaminant fuel is available for calibration, the approximate concentration of the fuel in the soil can be calculated. If the
contaminant fuel type is known, but the contaminant fuel is not available for calibration, an estimate of the concentration of the
fuel in the soil can be determined using average response factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel is unknown, this screening
test method can be used to identify the possible presence of contamination.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
E 131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E 169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E 275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E 925 Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Slit Width does not
Exceed 2 nm
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this screening test method, refer to Terminology E 131.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Asample of soil is extracted with isopropyl alcohol, and the extract is filtered. The ultraviolet absorbance of the extract is
measured at 254 nm. If the contaminant fuel is available for calibration, the approximate concentration of contamination is
calculated. If the contaminant fuel type is known, but the contaminant fuel is not available for calibration, an estimate of the
contaminant concentration is determined using average response factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel is not known, the
absorbance value is used to indicate the presence or absence of fuel contamination. Calcium oxide is added to the soil as a
conditioning agent to minimize interferences from humic materials and moisture present in the soil. Particulate interferences are
removed by passing the extract through a filter.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is a screening procedure for determining the presence of fuels containing aromatic compounds in soils. If
the contaminant fuel is available for calibration, the approximate concentration of the fuel in the soil can be calculated. If the fuel
type is known, but the contaminant fuel is not available for calibration, an estimate of the contaminant fuel concentration can be
calculated using average response factors. If the nature of the contaminant fuel is unknown, a contaminant concentration cannot
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on Screening
Methods.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5831–03.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D 5831 – 03 (2008).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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