ASTM D1903-08
(Test Method)Standard Practice for Determining the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels
Standard Practice for Determining the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and Askarels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Knowledge of the coefficient of thermal expansion of a liquid is essential to compute the required size of a container to accommodate a volume of liquid over the full temperature range to which it will be subjected. It is also used to compute the volume of void space that would exist in an inelastic device filled with the liquid after the liquid has cooled to a lower temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the coef-ficient of thermal expansion of electrical insulating liquids of petroleum origin, and askarels, containing PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), when used as an insulating or cooling medium, or both, in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, capacitors, or similar apparatus.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D1903 − 08
Standard Practice for
Determining the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of
Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and
1
Askarels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1903; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 coeffıcient of thermal expansion of a liquid, n—the
change in volume per unit volume per degree change in
1.1 Thispracticecoversthedeterminationofthecoef-ficient
temperature. It is commonly stated as the average coefficient
of thermal expansion of electrical insulating liquids of petro-
over a given temperature range.
leum origin, and askarels, containing PCBs (polychlorinated
biphenyls), when used as an insulating or cooling medium, or
4. Significance and Use
both,incables,transformers,oilcircuitbreakers,capacitors,or
4.1 Knowledge of the coefficient of thermal expansion of a
similar apparatus.
liquidisessentialtocomputetherequiredsizeofacontainerto
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
accommodate a volume of liquid over the full temperature
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
range to which it will be subjected. It is also used to compute
standard.
thevolumeofvoidspacethatwouldexistinaninelasticdevice
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
filled with the liquid after the liquid has cooled to a lower
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
temperature.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Procedure for Liquids of Petroleum Origin
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The coefficient of thermal expansion used in Guide
D1250, is 0.00040/°F for the temperature range from−17.7 to
2. Referenced Documents
65.5°C (0 to 150°F), and petroleum oils ranging from 15.0 to
2
34.9°APIgravityor0.9659to0.8504relativedensity(specific
2.1 ASTM Standards:
gravity). In the preparation of these tables for relative density
D941
(specific gravity) values above 0.600, it has been assumed for
D1250Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
purposes of standardization that all crude petroleum and
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
petroleum products have uniform coefficients of expansion in
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
the same temperature ranges. When the required accuracy of
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
results falls within these assumptions, this value for coefficient
D1810Test Method for Specific Gravity of Askarels (Dis-
3
of expansion may be used.
continued 2001) (Withdrawn 2001)
5.2 If closer approximation than that indicated in 5.1 is
3. Terminology
required, the coefficient of thermal expansion may be calcu-
lated by determining observed relative densities (specific
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
gravities).Determinetherelativedensitiesatanytwotempera-
tures below 90°C (194°F) and not less than 5°C (9°F), nor
more than 14°C (25°F) degrees apart by Practice D1298. The
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D27 on Electrical
difference in the observed
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 1903–031903–08
Standard Test Method Practice for
Determining the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of
Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and
1
Askarels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1903; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method practice covers the determination of the coef-ficient of thermal expansion of electrical insulating liquids
of petroleum origin, and askarels, containing PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), when used as an insulating or cooling medium,
or both, in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, capacitors, or similar apparatus.
1.2 The values givenstated in acceptable metric SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are
included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D941 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary PycnometerPyc-
3
nometer
2,
D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
D1298 Practice Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), orAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
2
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method Method
D1810 Test Method for Specific Gravity of Askarels Test Method for Specific Gravity of Askarels (Discontinued 2001)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 coeffıcient of thermal expansion of a liquid, n—the change in volume per unit volume per degree change in temperature.
It is commonly stated as the average coefficient over a given temperature range.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Knowledge of the coefficient of thermal expansion of a liquid is essential to compute the required size of a container to
accommodateavolumeofliquidoverthefulltemperaturerangetowhichitwillbesubjected.Itisalsousedtocomputethevolume
of void space that would exist in an inelastic device filled with the liquid after the liquid has cooled to a lower temperature.
5. Procedure for Liquids of Petroleum Origin
5.1 The coefficient of thermal expansion used in Guide D1250, is 0.00040/°F for the temperature range from−17.7 to 65.5°C
(0 to 150°F), and petroleum oils ranging from 15.0 to 34.9°API gravity or 0.9659 to 0.8504 relative density (specific gravity). In
the preparation of these tables for relative density (specific gravity) values above 0.600, it has been assumed for purposes of
standardization that all crude petroleum and petroleum products have uniform coefficients of expansion in the same temperature
ranges. When the required accuracy of results falls within these assumptions, this value for coefficient of expansion may be used.
5.2 If closer approximation than that indicated in 5.1 is required, the coefficient of thermal expansion may be calculated by
determining observed relative densities (specific gravities). Determine the relative densities at any two temperatures below 90°C
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D27.07 on Physical Tests.Test.
Current edition approved March 10, 2003.Nov. 1, 2008. Published May 2003.December 2008. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 19962003
as D1903–96. D1903–03.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 1903–031903–08
(194°F) and not less than 5°C (9°F), nor more than 14°C (25°F) degrees apart by Practice D1298.The difference in the observed
relative densities at the two temperatures divided by the product of the relative density at the lower temperature and the difference
in the tw
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D 1903–031903–08
Standard Test Method Practice for
Determining the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of
Electrical Insulating Liquids of Petroleum Origin, and
1
Askarels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1903; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method practice covers the determination of the coef-ficient of thermal expansion of electrical insulating liquids
of petroleum origin, and askarels, containing PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), when used as an insulating or cooling medium,
or both, in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, capacitors, or similar apparatus.
1.2 The values givenstated in acceptable metric SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are
included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D941 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Lipkin Bicapillary Pycnometer
3
Pycnometer
2,
D1250Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables
D1298Practice Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), orAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
2
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method Method
D1810Test Method for Specific Gravity of Askarels Test Method for Specific Gravity of Askarels (Discontinued 2001)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 coeffıcient of thermal expansion of a liquid, n—the change in volume per unit volume per degree change in temperature.
It is commonly stated as the average coefficient over a given temperature range.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Knowledge of the coefficient of thermal expansion of a liquid is essential to compute the required size of a container to
accommodateavolumeofliquidoverthefulltemperaturerangetowhichitwillbesubjected.Itisalsousedtocomputethevolume
of void space that would exist in an inelastic device filled with the liquid after the liquid has cooled to a lower temperature.
5. Procedure for Liquids of Petroleum Origin
5.1 The coefficient of thermal expansion used in Guide D1250, is 0.00040/°F for the temperature range from−17.7 to 65.5°C
(0 to 150°F), and petroleum oils ranging from 15.0 to 34.9°API gravity or 0.9659 to 0.8504 relative density (specific gravity). In
the preparation of these tables for relative density (specific gravity) values above 0.600, it has been assumed for purposes of
standardization that all crude petroleum and petroleum products have uniform coefficients of expansion in the same temperature
ranges. When the required accuracy of results falls within these assumptions, this value for coefficient of expansion may be used.
5.2 If closer approximation than that indicated in 5.1 is required, the coefficient of thermal expansion may be calculated by
determining observed relative densities (specific gravities). Determine the relative densities at any two temperatures below 90°C
1
This test method practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D27 on Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D27.07 on Physical Tests.Test.
Current edition approved March 10, 2003.Nov. 1, 2008. Published May 2003.December 2008. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 19962003
as D1903–96. D1903–03.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 1903–031903–08
(194°F) and not less than 5°C (9°F), nor more than 14°C (25°F) degrees apart by Practice D1298.The difference in the observed
relative densities at the two temperatures divided by the product of the relative density at the lower temperature and the difference
in the two te
...
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