ASTM F945-12(2019)

Standard Test Method for Stress-Corrosion of Titanium Alloys by Aircraft Engine Cleaning Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Because of the tendency of prestressed titanium alloy parts to crack if heated while in contact with certain chemical reagents, it is necessary to ensure that cleaning and maintenance materials will not initiate stress corrosion of titanium alloys under controlled conditions. For test specimens, two common titanium alloys are selected, one that is very susceptible (AMS 4916) and one that is not very susceptible (AMS 4911) to stress corrosion cracking.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes a test procedure for determining the propensity of aircraft turbine engine cleaning and maintenance materials for causing stress corrosion cracking of titanium alloy parts.  
1.2 The evaluation is conducted on representative titanium alloys by determining the effect of contact with cleaning and maintenance materials on tendency of prestressed titanium alloys to crack when subsequently heated to elevated temperatures.  
1.3 Test conditions are based upon manufacturer's maximum recommended operating solution concentration.  
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 5.3 and 5.6.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2019
• ICS: 49.025.30 - Titanium
• Technical Committee: F07 - Aerospace and Aircraft
• Drafting Committee: F07.07 - Qualification Testing of Aircraft Cleaning Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F945 − 12 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Stress-Corrosion of Titanium Alloys by Aircraft Engine
Cleaning Materials
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF945;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Chemical solutions and compounds used for preinspection cleaning or for preservation of titanium
alloy aircraft turbine engine parts shall be subject to qualification requirements of this test method.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method establishes a test procedure for deter-
D740 Specification for Methyl Ethyl Ketone
mining the propensity of aircraft turbine engine cleaning and
D841 Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene
maintenance materials for causing stress corrosion cracking of
titanium alloy parts. D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
2.2 SAE Aerospace Material Specifications:
1.2 The evaluation is conducted on representative titanium
AMS 4911 Sheet, Strip and Plate-6AL-4V Annealed
alloys by determining the effect of contact with cleaning and
AMS 4916 Sheet, Strip, and Plate-8AL 1MO 1V, Duplex
maintenance materials on tendency of prestressed titanium
Annealed
alloys to crack when subsequently heated to elevated tempera-
tures.
3. Significance and Use
1.3 Test conditions are based upon manufacturer’s maxi- 3.1 Because of the tendency of prestressed titanium alloy
mum recommended operating solution concentration. parts to crack if heated while in contact with certain chemical
reagents, it is necessary to ensure that cleaning and mainte-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
nance materials will not initiate stress corrosion of titanium
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
alloys under controlled conditions. For test specimens, two
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
common titanium alloys are selected, one that is very suscep-
and are not considered standard.
tible (AMS 4916) and one that is not very susceptible (AMS
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4911) to stress corrosion cracking.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 Measuring Devicecapable of linear measurement with a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
60.01-in. (60.25-mm) tolerance.
For specific precautionary statements, see 5.3 and 5.6. 4
4.2 Press Forming Apparatus with 0.56-in. (14-mm) diam-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
eter mandrel capable of producing approximately 65° bends in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
0.050-in. (1.25-mm) titanium alloy sheet specimens.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr.,
Warrendale, PA 15096.
1 4
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Alaboratory bench hydraulic press
Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.07 on ENER PAC Model No. P-39 has been found satisfactory) known to the committee
Qualification Testing of Aircraft Cleaning Materials. at this time is Black Hawk Industrial Products, Butler, WI 53007. If you are aware
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published June 2019. Originally of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as F945 – 12. DOI: Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
10.1520/F0945-12R19. responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F945 − 12 (2019)
4.3 Beakers or Small Tanks for containment of cleaning, 5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
rinsing, and test solutions, appropriately lined to prevent towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanreagentwaterconforming
contamination of the solutions by container materials. to Specification D1193 Type IV.
4.4 Vise, capable of precise manipulation at jaw opening of
5.3 Cleaning Solution, mix 35 volume % nitric acid (42°
0.65 in. (16.5 mm). A standard sheet metal worker’s vise with
Be') (Warning —See Annex A1.2) and 3 volume % hydro–
a 3-in. jaw has been found satisfactory. fluoric acid (70 %) (Warning—SeeAnnex A1.3) with reagent
water.
4.5 Air Circulation Furnace capable of operating at 900 °F
(480 °C) with control to 620 °F (10 °C).
5.4 2–Propanol (Isopropanol), HPLC grade.
4.6 Magnifier capable of 20-diameters magnification.
5.5 Salt Solutions:
5.5.1 100–ppm sodium chloride solution in 2–propanol.
4.7 Microscope capable of 500-diameters magnification.
5.5.1.1 Preparationof1000–ppmNaClin2–PropanolStock
4.8 Bolt, stainless steel, 0.25-in. (6-mm) diameter with
Solution (Shelf Life Three Months in Flask, see 4.11)—Weigh
stainless steel washers and nut.
1.000–gNaCl 60.001gintoa1000–mLvolumetricflask.Add
4.9 Test Specimens, AMS 4911 and AMS 4916 Titanium
250- 6 25-mL reagent water and stir to dissolve. Fill to the
Alloys—withspecimenspreparedfromthesamesheetstockfor
mark with 2–propanol and mix.
each alloy and cut parallel to the rolling direction to the
5.5.1.2 Preparation of 100–ppm NaCl Test Solution (Shelf
dimensionsofFig.1.Thespecimenedgesshallnotbedeburred
Life Seven Days in Flask, see 4.11)—Pipette10mLofthestock
or otherwise relieved before testing.
solution into a 100–mL volumetric flask. Fill to the mark with
4.10 Cotton Gloves, white.
2-propanol and mix.
5.5.2 Preparation of 3 Weight % Sodium Chloride in 2–Pro-
4.11 Volumetric Flask of Low Sodium Glass with Ground
panol (Shelf Life Three Months)—Weight 3.00–g NaCl into a
Glass Stopper, 1000 and 100 mL.
100–mL volumetric flask (see 4.13). Add about 50 mL of
4.12 Volumetric Pipette, 10 mL.
reagent water and stir to dissolve. Fill to the mark with
4.13 Volumetric Flask with Ground Glass Stopper, 100 mL.
2–propanol and mix.
5.6 Solvent, toluene conforming to Specification D841 or
5. Reagents and Materials
methyl ethyl ketone conforming to Specification D740.
5.1 Purity of Reagent—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
(Warning—See Annex A1.1).
used in all cases. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
NOTE 1—The use of 2–propanol is important to ensure an even
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
distribution of the salt by evaporating quickly. This decreases the effect of
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
a “drop” at the bottom of the specimens.
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be
used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of
6. Precleaning Test Specimens
sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
6.1 Handlingcontaminationandshopsoilsshallberemoved
accuracy of analysis.
by washing in a solvent. Dry thoroughly.
7. Specimen Fabrication
7.1 With the short specimen axis as the bend axis, press
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
form the specimen around an approximately 0.45-in. (14-mm)
Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
diameter mandrel in one operation so that an unrestrained
listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
preform angle of approximately 65° is obtained. See Fig. 2.
Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
MD.
FIG. 1 U-Bend Specimen Dimensions
F945 − 12 (2019)
AMS 4911 alloy by immersing in the solution of 3 weight %
sodium chloride. Hang to dry with the bend zone down.
Remove and test as in 8.2.
NOTE 3—Control specimens must be included in each actual test to
ensure proper materials, technique, and examination.
8.1.3 To evaluate the effect of the candidate solution, wet
three restrained test specimens of each alloy by immersing in
the candidate solution at the maximum recommended concen-
tration.Hangtodrywiththebendzonedownandtestasin8.2.
8.2 Heat the restrained specimens in an air circulation
FIG. 2 Brake Formed U-Bend Specimen
furnace in accordance with method(s) to be specified by the
purchaser as follows:
8.2.1 Method A—Heat at 900 6 20 °F (480 6 10 °C) for 8
7.2 Clean the specimen preform by immersing in cleaning
6 0.2 h.
solution of 5.3 for 15 6 5 s. Rinse in clean water, then in
8.2.2 Method B—Removed. Use Method A.
reagent water.Air dry with the bend zone up. Use white c
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F945 − 12 F945 − 12 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Stress-Corrosion of Titanium Alloys by Aircraft Engine
Cleaning Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Chemical solutions and compounds used for preinspection cleaning or for preservation of titanium
alloy aircraft turbine engine parts shall be subject to qualification requirements of this test method.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method establishes a test procedure for determining the propensity of aircraft turbine engine cleaning and
maintenance materials for causing stress corrosion cracking of titanium alloy parts.
1.2 The evaluation is conducted on representative titanium alloys by determining the effect of contact with cleaning and
maintenance materials on tendency of prestressed titanium alloys to crack when subsequently heated to elevated temperatures.
1.3 Test conditions are based upon manufacturer’s maximum recommended operating solution concentration.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 5.3 and 5.6.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D740 Specification for Methyl Ethyl Ketone
D841 Specification for Nitration Grade Toluene
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
2.2 SAE Aerospace Material Specifications:
AMS 4911 Sheet, Strip and Plate-6AL-4V Annealed
AMS 4916 Sheet, Strip, and Plate-8AL 1MO 1V, Duplex Annealed
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Because of the tendency of prestressed titanium alloy parts to crack if heated while in contact with certain chemical reagents,
it is necessary to ensure that cleaning and maintenance materials will not initiate stress corrosion of titanium alloys under
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F07 on Aerospace and Aircraft and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F07.07 on Qualification
Testing of Aircraft Cleaning Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012May 1, 2019. Published November 2012June 2019. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 20062012 as
F945 – 06.F945 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/F0945-12.10.1520/F0945-12R19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F945 − 12 (2019)
controlled conditions. For test specimens, two common titanium alloys are selected, one that is very susceptible (AMS 4916) and
one that is not very susceptible (AMS 4911) to stress corrosion cracking.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Measuring Device capable of linear measurement with a 60.01-in. (60.25-mm) tolerance.
4.2 Press Forming Apparatus with 0.56-in. (14-mm) diameter mandrel capable of producing approximately 65° bends in
0.050-in. (1.25-mm) titanium alloy sheet specimens.
4.3 Beakers or Small Tanks for containment of cleaning, rinsing, and test solutions, appropriately lined to prevent contamination
of the solutions by container materials.
4.4 Vise, capable of precise manipulation at jaw opening of 0.65 in. (16.5 mm). A standard sheet metal worker’s vise with a 3-in.
jaw has been found satisfactory.
4.5 Air Circulation Furnace capable of operating at 900°F (480°C)900 °F (480 °C) with control to 620°F (10°C).620 °F
(10 °C).
4.6 Magnifier capable of 20-diameters magnification.
4.7 Microscope capable of 500-diameters magnification.
4.8 Bolt, stainless steel, 0.25-in. (6-mm) diameter with stainless steel washers and nut.
4.9 Test Specimens, AMS 4911 and AMS 4916 Titanium Alloys—with specimens prepared from the same sheet stock for each
alloy and cut parallel to the rolling direction to the dimensions of Fig. 1. The specimen edges shall not be deburred or otherwise
relieved before testing.
4.10 Cotton Gloves, white.
4.11 Volumetric Flask of Low Sodium Glass with Ground Glass Stopper, 1000 and 100 mL.
4.12 Volumetric Pipette, 10 mL.
4.13 Volumetric Flask with Ground Glass Stopper, 100 mL.
5. Reagents and Materials
5.1 Purity of Reagent—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all cases. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high
purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of analysis.
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to
Specification D1193 Type IV.
5.3 Cleaning Solution, mix 35 volume % nitric acid (42° Be') (Warning —See Annex A1.2) and 3 volume % hydro–
fluoric acid (70 %) (Warning—See Annex A1.3) with reagent water.
FIG. 1 U-Bend Specimen Dimensions
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (A laboratory bench hydraulic press ENER PAC Model No. P-39 has been found satisfactory) known to the committee at
this time is Black Hawk Industrial Products, Butler, WI 53007. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.
Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National
Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
F945 − 12 (2019)
5.4 2–Propanol (Isopropanol), HPLC grade.
5.5 Salt Solutions:
5.5.1 100–ppm sodium chloride solution in 2–propanol.
5.5.1.1 Preparation of 1000–ppm NaCl in 2–Propanol Stock Solution (Shelf Life Three Months in Flask, see 4.11)—Weigh
1.000–g NaCl 6 0.001 g into a 1000–mL volumetric flask. Add 250- 6 25-mL reagent water and stir to dissolve. Fill to the mark
with 2–propanol and mix.
5.5.1.2 Preparation of 100–ppm NaCl Test Solution (Shelf Life Seven Days in Flask, see 4.11)—Pipette 10 mL of the stock
solution into a 100–mL volumetric flask. Fill to the mark with 2-propanol and mix.
5.5.2 Preparation of 3 Weight % Sodium Chloride in 2–Propanol (Shelf Life Three Months)—Weight 3.00–g NaCl into a
100–mL volumetric flask (see 4.13). Add about 50 mL of reagent water and stir to dissolve. Fill to the mark with 2–propanol and
mix.
5.6 Solvent, toluene conforming to Specification D841 or methyl ethyl ketone conforming to Specification D740. (Warning—
See Annex A1.1).
NOTE 1—The use of 2–propanol is important to ensure an even distribution of the salt by evaporating quickly. This decreases the effect of a “drop”
at the bottom of the specimens.
6. Precleaning Test Specimens
6.1 Handling contamination and shop soils shall be removed by washing in a solvent. Dry thoroughly.
7. Specimen Fabrication
7.1 With the short specimen axis as the bend axis, press form the specimen around an approximately 0.45-in. (14-mm) diameter
mandrel in one operation so that an unrestrained preform angle of approximately 65° is obtained. See Fig. 2.
7.2 Clean the specimen preform by immersing in cleaning solution of 5.3 for 15 6 5 s. Rinse in clean water, then in reagent
water. Air dry with the bend zone up. Use white cotton gloves when handling specimens and do not touch the bend zone after
cleaning.
7.3 Final U-bend configuration shall be accomplished by bending the free ends of the preform together in a vise until the
distance between the free ends is reduced to 0.65 in. 6 0.05 (16.5 6 1 mm).
7.4 Restrain the test specimen with sides approximately parallel by fastening the ends with a clean 0.25-in. (6-mm) diameter
stainless steel bolt with washers. Unplated stainless steel nuts may be used. See Fig. 3.
7.5 Load the specimen by tightening the bolt until the legs are 0.535 6 0.005 in. (13.6 6 0.10 mm) apart. Se
...