ASTM D5243-92(2001)

Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water Indirectly at Culverts

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the computation of discharge (the volume rate of flow) of water in open channels or streams using culverts as metering devices. In general, this test method does not apply to culverts with drop inlets, and applies only to a limited degree to culverts with tapered inlets. Information related to this test method can be found in ISO 748 and ISO 1070.
1.2 This test method produces the discharge for a flood event if high-water marks are used. However, a complete stage-discharge relation may be obtained, either manually or by using a computer program, for a gage located at the approach section to a culvert.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2000
• ICS: 17.120.20 - Flow in open channels
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.07 - Sediments, Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5243-92(1996) - Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water Indirectly at Culverts
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001
• Replaced By: ASTM D5243-92(2007) - Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water Indirectly at Culverts
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D5674-22 - Standard Guide for Operation of a Gaging Station
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2001

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5243 – 92 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water Indirectly at
1
Culverts
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ISO 748 Liquid Flow Measurements in Open Channels-
3
Velocity-Area Methods
1.1 This test method covers the computation of discharge
ISO 1070 Liquid Flow Measurements in Open Channels-
(the volume rate of flow) of water in open channels or streams
3
Slope-Area Methods
using culverts as metering devices. In general, this test method
does not apply to culverts with drop inlets, and applies only to
3. Terminology
a limited degree to culverts with tapered inlets. Information
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
related to this test method can be found in ISO748 and
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
ISO1070.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard—Several
1.2 This test method produces the discharge for a flood
of the following terms are illustrated in Fig. 1:
event if high-water marks are used. However, a complete
3.2.1 alpha (a)—a velocity-head coefficient that adjusts the
stage-discharge relation may be obtained, either manually or
velocity head computed on basis of the mean velocity to the
by using a computer program, for a gage located at the
truevelocityhead.Itisassumedequalto1.0ifthecrosssection
approach section to a culvert.
is not subdivided.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2.2 conveyance (K)—a measure of the carrying capacity
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
of a channel and having dimensions of cubic feet per second.
information only.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Conveyance is computed as follows:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.486
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2 3
/
K 5 R A
n
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
where:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
n = the Manning roughness coefficient,
2 2
A = the cross section area, in ft (m ), and
2. Referenced Documents
R = the hydraulic radius, in ft (m).
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.3 cross sections (numbered consecutively in down-
2
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
stream order):
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
3.2.3.1 The approach section, Section 1, is located one
2
Applicable Methods of Committee D-19 on Water
culvert width upstream from the culvert entrance.
D 3858 Practice for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of
3.2.3.2 Cross Sections 2 and 3 are located at the culvert
2
Water by Velocity-Area Method
entrance and the culvert outlet, respectively.
2.2 ISO Standards:
3.2.3.3 Subscripts are used with symbols that represent
cross sectional properties to indicate the section to which the
1 property applies. For example, A is the area of Section 1.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-19 on Water
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomor-
phology, and Open-Channel Flow.
3 nd th
Current edition approved May 15, 1992. Published September 1992. AvailablefromAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,11W.42 Street,13
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D 5243 – 92 (2001)
NOTE 1—Thelossofenergyneartheentranceisrelatedtothesuddencontractionandsubsequentexpansionofthelivestreamwithintheculvertbarrel.
FIG. 1 Definition Sketch of Culvert Flow
2
Items that apply to a reach between two sections are identified
aV
h 5
v
by subscripts indicating both sections. For example, h is the 2g
f
1–2
friction loss between Sections 1 and 2.
where:
3.2.4 cross sectional area (A)—the area occupied by the
a = the velocity-head coefficient,
water.
V = themeanvelocityinthecrosssection,inft/s(m/s),and
3.2.5 energy loss (h)—the loss due to boundary friction
f
g = the acceleration due to gravity, in ft/s/s (m/s/s).
between two locations.
3.2.11 wetted perimeter (WP)—thelengthalongthebound-
3.2.5.1 Discussion—Energy loss is computed as follows:
ary of a cross section below the water surface.
2
Q
h 5 L
S D
f
K K 4. Summary of Test Method
1 2
4.1 The determination of discharge at a culvert, either after
where:
3 3 a flood or for selected approach stages, is usually a reliable
Q = the discharge in ft /s (m /s), and
practice. A field s
...