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ASTM F620-11(2015)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha Plus Beta Condition

Standard Specification for Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha Plus Beta Condition

ABSTRACT
This specification covers alpha plus beta titanium alloy forgings for use in surgical implants such as orthopaedic medical devices. The products should be forged by hammering, pressing, extruding, or upsetting bars or wires and should be free of splits, scales, cracks, flaws, and other imperfections. After hot forging, each product should be subjected to annealing treatment consisting of heating the parts to an appropriate temperature and followed by cooling. Samples should be tested according to the specified procedure and should conform to the required values for chemical composition, tensile strength, hardness, elongation, and area reduction.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for titanium alloy forgings for surgical implants, in the alpha plus beta condition, when the material forged conforms to Specifications F136 (UNS R56401), F1295 (UNS R56700), F1472 (UNS R56400), or F2066 (UNS R58150).  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2015
ICS
11.040.40 - Implants for surgery, prosthetics and orthotics
Technical Committee
F04 - Medical and Surgical Materials and Devices
Drafting Committee
F04.12 - Metallurgical Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F620-11 - Standard Specification for Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha Plus Beta Condition
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Replaced By
ASTM F620-20 - Standard Specification for Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha Plus Beta Condition
Effective Date
01-Feb-2020
Referred By
ASTM F543-23 - Standard Specification and Test Methods for Metallic Medical Bone Screws
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Referred By
ASTM F2068-15 - Standard Specification for Femoral Prostheses—Metallic Implants (Withdrawn 2023)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Referred By
ASTM F384-17 - Standard Specifications and Test Methods for Metallic Angled Orthopedic Fracture Fixation Devices
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015

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ASTM F620-11(2015) - Standard Specification for Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha Plus Beta ConditionASTM F620-11(2015) - Standard Specification for Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha Plus Beta Condition
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REDLINE ASTM F620-11(2015) - Standard Specification for Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha Plus Beta ConditionREDLINE ASTM F620-11(2015) - Standard Specification for Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha Plus Beta Condition
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REDLINE ASTM F620-11(2015) - Standard Specification for Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha Plus Beta Condition
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F620 −11 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha
1
Plus Beta Condition
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF620;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium
Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for titanium
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-
alloy forgings for surgical implants, in the alpha plus beta
Based Test Methodology)
condition, when the material forged conforms to Specifications
F67 Specification for Unalloyed Titanium, for Surgical Im-
F136 (UNS R56401), F1295 (UNS R56700), F1472 (UNS
plant Applications (UNS R50250, UNS R50400, UNS
R56400), or F2066 (UNS R58150).
R50550, UNS R50700)
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
F136 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial)Alloy for Surgical
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Implant Applications (UNS R56401)
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
F601 Practice for Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection of Me-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
tallic Surgical Implants
with the standard.
F1295 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-
7Niobium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS
2. Referenced Documents
R56700)
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1472 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
4VanadiumAlloy for Surgical ImplantApplications (UNS
terials
R56400)
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
F2066 Specification for Wrought Titanium-15 Molybdenum
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R58150)
terials
SI 10 American National Standard for the Use of the
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric
Determine Conformance with Specifications
System
E92 Test Method forVickers Hardness of Metallic Materials
2.2 ISO Standard:
3
4
(Withdrawn 2010)
ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
Industry
3. Terminology
E1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitro-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
gen in Titanium and TitaniumAlloys by Inert Gas Fusion
3.1.1 lot—the total number of forgings produced from the
E1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Tita-
same heat under the same conditions and heat treated at
nium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal
essentially the same time.
Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method
4. Ordering Information
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on
4.1 Inquiries and orders for forgings under this specification
Medical and Surgical Materials and Devicesand is the direct responsibility of
shall include the following information:
Subcommittee F04.12 on Metallurgical Materials.
4.1.1 Quantity, number of pieces,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as F620 – 11. DOI: 4.1.2 ASTM designation and date of issue, material grade,
10.1520/F0620-11R15.
4.1.3 Condition,
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.1.4 Mechanical properties,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
www.astm.org. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F620−11 (2015)
4.1.5 Finish, 0.007 mm/mm/min [in./in./min] through yield and then the
4.1.6 Applicable dimensions or drawing number, crosshead speed may be increased so as to produce fracture in
4.1.7 Special tests, if any, and approximately one additional minute.
4.1.8 Other requirements.
7.2 Number of Tests:
7.2.1 Perform at least one tension test from each lot in the
5. Materials and Manufacture
longitudinal direction. Should any test sp
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F620 − 11 F620 − 11 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Titanium Alloy Forgings for Surgical Implants in the Alpha
1
Plus Beta Condition
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F620; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for titanium alloy forgings for surgical implants, in the alpha plus beta condition,
when the material forged conforms to Specifications F136 (UNS R56401), F1295 (UNS R56700), F1472 (UNS R56400), or F2066
(UNS R58150).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E10 Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
3
E92 Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials (Withdrawn 2010)
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion
E1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal
Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method
E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma
Atomic Emission Spectrometry (Performance-Based Test Methodology)
F67 Specification for Unalloyed Titanium, for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R50250, UNS R50400, UNS R50550, UNS
R50700)
F136 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant
Applications (UNS R56401)
F601 Practice for Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection of Metallic Surgical Implants
F1295 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-7Niobium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56700)
F1472 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R56400)
F2066 Specification for Wrought Titanium-15 Molybdenum Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications (UNS R58150)
SI 10 American National Standard for the Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System
2.2 ISO Standard:
4
ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F04 on Medical and Surgical Materials and Devicesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
F04.12 on Metallurgical Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2015. Published December 2011 December 2015. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20062011
as F620 – 06.F620 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/F0620-11.10.1520/F0620-11R15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F620 − 11 (2015)
3.1.1 lot—the total number of forgings produced from the same heat under the same conditions and heat treated at essentially
the same time.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 Inquiries and orders for forgings under this specification shall include the following information:
4.1.1 Quantity, number of pieces,
4.1.2 ASTM designation and date of issue, material grade,
4.1.3 Condition,
4.1.4 Mechanical properties,
4.1.5 Finish,
4.1.6 Applicable dimensions or drawing number,
4.1.7
...

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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Multiple test methods are included in this standard. However, the user is not necessarily obligated to test using all of the described methods. Instead, the user should only select, with justification, test methods that are appropriate for a particular device design. This may only be a subset of the herein described test methods.  
1.6 This standard may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3141-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Total Knee Replacement Loading Profiles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this test guide is to provide load profile information on how one could test a total knee replacement in order to evaluate in vitro its function and wear during several types of knee motions as described in 4.2 and 4.3.  
4.2 This test guide may help characterize the magnitude and location of implant wear as an implant is repetitively moved according to specified load and displacement waveforms.  
4.3 This test guide may also help characterize the functional limitations of a total knee replacement as its motion is guided by these waveforms. These limitations may be observed as impingement, subluxation, or high loading in the soft tissue constraints, whether they are represented physically or virtually.  
4.4 The motions and load conditions in vivo will, in general, differ from the load and motions defined in this guide. The results obtained from this guide cannot be used to directly predict in vivo performance. However, this guide is designed to allow for comparisons in performance of different knee designs, when tested under similar conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 Motion path, load history, and loading modalities all contribute to the wear, degradation, and damage of implanted prosthetics. Simulating a variety of functional activities promises more realistic testing for wear and damage mode evaluation. Such activities are often called activities of daily living (ADLs). ADLs identified in the literature include walking, stair ascent and descent, sit-to-stand, stand-to-sit, squatting, kneeling, cross-legged sitting, into bath, out of bath, turning, and cutting motions (1-7).2 Activities other than walking gait often involve an extended range of motion and higher imposed loading conditions, which have the ability to cause damage and modes of failure other than normal wear (8-10).  
1.2 This document provides guidance for functional simulation that could be used to evaluate in vitro the durability of knee prosthetic devices under force control.  
1.3 Function simulation is defined as the reproduction of loads and motions that might be encountered in activities of daily living, but it does not necessarily cover every possible type of loading. Functional simulation differs from typical wear testing in that it attempts to exercise the prosthetic device through a variety of loading and motion conditions such as might be encountered in situ in the human body in order to reveal various damage modes and damage mechanisms that might be encountered throughout the life of the prosthetic device.  
1.4 Force control is defined as the mode of control of the test machine that accepts a force level as the set point input and which utilizes a force feedback signal in a control loop to achieve that set point input. For knee simulation, the flexion motion is placed under angular displacement control, internal and external rotation is placed under torque control, and axial load, anterior-posterior shear, and medial-lateral shear are placed under force control.  
1.5 This document establishes kinetic and kinematic test conditions for several activities of daily living, including walking, turning navigational movements, stair climbing, stair descent, and squatting. The kinetic and kinematic test conditions are expressed as reference waveforms used to drive the relevant simulator machine actuators. These waveforms represent motion, as in the case of flexion extension, or kinetic signals representing the forces and moments resulting from body dynamics, gravitation, and the active musculature acting across the knee.  
1.6 This document does not address the assessment or measurement of damage modes, or wear or failure of the prosthetic device.  
1.7 This document is a guide. As defined by ASTM in their “Form and Style for ASTM Standards” book in section C15.2, “A standard guide is a compendium of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific course of action. Guides are intended ...

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ASTM
ASTM F3047M-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for High Demand Hip Simulator Wear Testing of Hard-on-Hard Articulations

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The current hip simulator wear test standards (ISO 14242-1 or ISO 14242-3) stipulate only one load waveform and one set of articulation motions. There is a need for more versatile and rigorous wear test regimes, but the knowledge of what represents realistic high demand wear test features is limited. More research is clearly needed before a standard that defines what a representative high demand wear test should include can be written. The objective of this guide is to advise researchers on the possible high demand wear test features that should be included in evaluation of hard-on-hard articulations.  
5.2 This guide makes suggestions of what high demand test features may need to be added to an overall high demand wear test regime. The features described here are not meant to be all inclusive. Based on current knowledge they appear to be relevant to adverse conditions that can occur in clinical use.  
5.3 All the test features, both conventional and high demand, could have interactive effects on the wear of the components.
SCOPE
1.1 The objective of this guide is to advise researchers on the possible high demand wear test features that should be included in evaluation of hard-on-hard articulations. This guide makes suggestions for high demand test features that may need to be added to an overall wear test regime. Device articulating components manufactured from other metallic alloys, ceramics, or with coated or elementally modified surfaces without significant clinical use could possibly be evaluated with this guide. However, such materials may include risks and failure mechanisms that are not addressed in this guide.  
1.2 Hard-on-hard hip bearing systems include metal-on-metal (for example, Specifications F75, F799, and F1537; ISO 5832-4, ISO 5832-12), ceramic-on-ceramic (for example, ISO 6474-1, ISO 6474-2, ISO 13356), ceramic-on-metal, or any other bearing systems where both the head and cup components have high surface hardness. An argument has been made that the hard-on-hard THR articulation may be better for younger, more active patients. These younger patients may be more physically fit and expect to be able to perform more energetic activities. Consequently, new designs of hard-on-hard THR articulations may have some implantations subjected to more demanding and longer wear performance requirements.  
1.3 Total Hip Replacement (THR) with metal-on-metal articulations have been used clinically for more than 50 years (1, 2).2 Early designs had mixed clinical results. Eventually they were eclipsed by THR systems using metal-on-polyethylene articulations. In the 1990s the metal-on-metal articulation again became popular with more modern designs (3), including surface replacement.  
1.4 In the 1970s the first ceramic-on-ceramic THR articulations were used. In general, the early results were not satisfactory (4, 5). Improvement in alumina, and new designs in the 1990s improved the results for ceramic-on-ceramic articulations (6).  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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