ASTM C1238-97(2012)

Standard Guide for Installation of Walk-Through Metal Detectors

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide is intended for use by the designers, evaluators, and users of walk-through metal detectors to be installed to screen persons entering or leaving a controlled access area. This guide is not meant to constrain design liberty but is to be used as a guide in the selection of location and installation of walk-through metal detectors.
SCOPE
1.1 Some facilities require that personnel entering designated areas be screened for concealed weapons and other metallic materials. Also, personnel exiting designated areas are often screened for metallic shielding material and other types of metallic contraband. Walk-through metal detectors are widely used to implement these requirements. This guide describes various elements to be considered when planning to install walk-through metal detectors.  
1.2 This guide is not intended to set performance levels, nor is it intended to limit or constrain operational technologies.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-2011
• ICS: 13.310 - Protection against crime
• ICS: 13.320 - Alarm and warning systems
• Technical Committee: C26 - Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C1238 − 97 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Guide for
Installation of Walk-Through Metal Detectors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1238; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.4 ANSI Standard:
Z41.1-PT-1983 Class 50 and 75—For Non-ferrous and
1.1 Some facilities require that personnel entering desig-
Ferrous Safety Footwear
nated areas be screened for concealed weapons and other
2.5 National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal
metallic materials.Also, personnel exiting designated areas are
Justice (NILECJ) Standard:
often screened for metallic shielding material and other types
0601.00 For Design, Performance, andAllowable Magnetic
of metallic contraband. Walk-through metal detectors are
Field Strength
widely used to implement these requirements. This guide
describes various elements to be considered when planning to
3. Terminology
install walk-through metal detectors.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 This guide is not intended to set performance levels, nor
3.1.1 continuous-wave-type metal detector—a system gen-
is it intended to limit or constrain operational technologies.
erally employing one or more pairs of closely coupled coils.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
One coil is electrically energized to establish an electromag-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
netic field; the other detects disturbances in that field. In
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
operation, the coils are configured so that the person or object
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
being screened passes through the field. When metal passes
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
through the field, the field is modified by the magnetic and
electrical properties of the metal. Any change in the field is
2. Referenced Documents
sensedbymeasuringoneormoreofmanypossibleparameters,
including mutual inductance, power loss, phase shift, fre-
2.1 NRC Document:
quency shift, permeability, etc.
NUREG-1329 Entry/Exit Control At Fuel Fabrication Fa-
3.1.2 nuisance alarm—an alarm not caused by a weapon or
cilities Using or Possessing Formula Quantities of Strate-
shielding material but by other causes such as outside interfer-
gic Special Nuclear Material
ence or other operationally or environmentally induced stimu-
2.2 U.S. Government Documents:
lus. In practice, these alarms are a nuisance because they are
DOE 5632.2A Physical Protection of Special Nuclear Mate-
not obvious and must be investigated and the cause eliminated.
rials and Vital Equipment, February 9, 1988
3.1.3 pulse-wave-type metal detectors—a system in which
DOE 5633.3 Control and Accountability of Nuclear
briefcurrentpulsesaregeneratedintransmittercoilswhenthey
Materials, February 3, 1988
are switched on. The electromagnetic field generated by these
2.3 National Fire Protection Associations (NPA) Life Safety
pulses induces eddy currents in metallic objects in the field.
Code Handbook:
Theeddycurrentsdecaywhenthetransmittercoilsareshutoff.
NFPA-101-1988, Chapter 28, Industrial Occupancy
The decay of the eddy currents produces secondary voltages in
the receiver coils, which are switched on only when the
transmitter coils are switched off. The voltages induced in the
This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel
receiver coils are processed and compared against a bias or
Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.12 on Safeguard
Applications.
background level.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2012. Published January 2012. Originally
3.1.4 shielding—a metallic material configured as a credible
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C1238 - 97(2003).
DOI: 10.1520/C1238-97R12. gamma-radiation shield for special nuclear materials (SNM).
Available from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC
3.1.5 throughput—the actual rate at which a metal detector
20555.
and system can screen personnel for a given application.
AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
4 5
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1238 − 97 (2012)
3.1.6 walk-through metal detector—a free-standing screen- audible or visual alarms, or both, as needed to meet all safety
ing device having an electromagnetic field within its portal and security requirements.
structure (aperture) for detecting metallic objects, including
7.6 Where it is necessary to operate metal detectors in close
some nuclear shielding materials, carried by persons walking
proximity to each other, they should be of the same manufac-
through the aperture.
turer and model so that the coils can be synchronized or
3.1.7 weapon—a device intended to do damage to personnel
operated at different frequencies in accordance with the manu-
or equipment without intentionally harming the attacker, but
facturer’s recommendations. If it is necessary to operate metal
requiring the attacker to physically activate or use the device.
detectors of different models or manufacturers, a test should be
conducted for interference before the detectors are installed.
4. Significance and Use
Where metal detectors are not compatible it may be necessary
4.1 This guide is intended for use by the designers, evalu-
to isolate the fields of each detector by as much as 20 to 30 ft.
ators, and users of walk-through metal detectors to be installed
7.7 If all electronic equipment is not designed for outdoor
to screen persons entering or leaving a controlled access area.
use, provide cover and protect the equipment from the ele-
This guide is not meant to constrain design liberty but is to be
ments, especially high temperature and high humidity. Ad-
used as a guide in the selection of location and installation of
equate ventilation should also be provided. Make sure the
walk-through metal detectors.
metal-detector system is stable over a wide range of environ-
mentalfactors(temperature,humidity,etc.).Allmetaldetectors
5. Safety Considerations
are sensitive to changes in the surrounding electromagnetic
5.1 Warning signs should be posted if the metal detector’s
environment, and that should be the only factor affecting stable
electromagnetic field strength is of such a magnitude that
operation.
personal medical devices may be affected or damaged when
they pass through the portal. See NILECJ Standard 0601.00.
8. Layout of the Installation Site
5.2 Local fire and safety codes should be reviewed concern-
8.1 The site layout for walk-through metal-detector instal-
ing requirements for areas selected for metal detector installa-
lation should be designed to minimize the guard force person-
tion. Metal-detector installations needing exemption from the
nel required and to avoid processing delays.The site may be in
fire and safety requirements should be approved in advance.
a new area or building, or in an existing area modified to house
6. Throughput Consideration security screening devices.
6.1 The rate at which persons may be screened is generally
8.2 It is good practice to channel people through separate
an important factor in security applications. Metal-detector entry and exit lanes. In areas where more extensive outbound
systemsshouldbecapableofdealingwithlargetransienttraffic
screening is required, separate lanes and equipment are even
flow such as found during shift changes. more desirable so that equipment can be optimized for detec-
6.1.1 Throughput varies from one metal detector model to
tion of the specified objects on entry or exit.
the next. Throughput also varies from one application to the
8.3 If alarms are remotely monitored, the response tactic
next. Applications that require high-sensitivity settings will
(guard’s action, intercept corridors, lockdown schemes, etc.) to
have lower throughput.
alarmsmustbeconsideredearlyinthedesignprocesstoensure
6.1.2 Once the application specific throughput for a detector
effective and efficient interdiction.
model has been established, the number of detector lanes
8.4 Installation of equipment should be arranged to mini-
required to achieve system throughput at peak times can be
mize nuisance alarms from outside interference. If nuisance
calculated. See 9.2.
alarms are too numerous, the guard force will lose confidence
7. Other Considerations
in the equipment, and security may be compromised.
7.1 Review applicable regulatory orders and policies of
8.5 Security equipment often must fit into a space-critical
appropriate regulatory agencies and facilities for information
site, but adequate space is the single greatest asset for a
pertinent to metal detector installation and operation.
security screening area. Maintaining a well-defined screening
area is essential so that when an alarm occurs, the security
7.2 Examine the power capability of the building electrical
inspector can clearly identify and isolate the person that caused
system to ensure that it is adequate to support the metal-
the alarm.
detector system, especially current, voltage, and voltage sta-
bility. 8.5.1 Layout of the area selected for installation of a
walk-through metal detector should provide adequate space for
7.3 Confirm that the available primary and emergency
calibration and maintenance of the metal detector.
power are free of noise and transients. If not, install a filtering
8.5.2 Locate equipment in a manner to clear doors, duct
orregul
...