ASTM A1036-04(2015)

Standard Guide for Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials Evaluation—Small single sheet testers were developed to supplement the testing of Epstein specimens for various applications. They are especially appropriate for determining the magnetic properties of samples when insufficient material is available for preparation of an Epstein specimen. Although the small specimen size is attractive, the precision of the small sheet testers is not expected to be as good as that of the test method Test Method A343/A343M. Small sheet testers are frequently used to measure the properties of both fully processed and semiprocessed nonoriented and magnetic lamination steels. Specimens of semiprocessed steels are normally subjected to an appropriate quality development anneal prior to testing. Small sheet testers may also be used to evaluate oriented electrical steels in either the as sheared or stress-relief annealed condition.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for interpreting the specific core loss and peak permeability determined using small single-sheet test systems. It is limited to single-sheet test systems that require a test specimen or coupon be cut from the material being tested and are designed such that the entire width of that test specimen is magnetized during testing.  
1.2 This guide is primarily intended for measurements of the magnetic properties of flat-rolled electrical steels at frequencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz under sinusoidal flux conditions.  
1.3 This guide includes procedures to provide correlation with the 25-cm Epstein test method (Test Method A343/A343M).  
1.4 The range of magnetic flux densities is governed by the properties of the test specimens and the instruments and test power source. Nonoriented electrical steels may be tested at magnetic flux densities up to about 16-kG [1.6T] for core loss. The maximum magnetic field strength for peak permeability testing is limited by the current carrying capacity of the magnetizing winding and the test power source. Single sheet testers are typically capable of testing at magnetic field strengths up to 50 Oe [4000 A/m] or more.  
1.5 Within this guide, a small single sheet tester (small SST) is defined as a magnetic tester designed to test flat, rectangular sheet-type specimens. Typical specimens for these testers are square (or nearly so). The design of the small SST test fixture may be small enough to accommodate specimens about 5 by 5 cm or may be large enough to accommodate specimens about 36 by 36 cm. Specimens for a particular SST must be appropriate for the particular test fixture.  
1.6 This guide covers two alternative test methods: Method 1 and Method 2.  
1.6.1 Method 1 is an extension of Method 1 of Test Method A804/A804M, which describes a test fixture having two windings that encircle the test specimen and two low-reluctance, low-core loss ferromagnetic yokes that serve as flux return paths. The dimensions of the test fixture for Method 1 are not fixed but rather may be designed and built for any nominal specimen dimension within the limits given in 1.5. The power loss in this case is determined by measuring the average value of the product of primary current and induced secondary voltage.  
1.6.2 Method 2 covers the use of a small single sheet tester, which employs a magnetizing winding, a magnetic flux sensing winding, and a magnetic field strength detector. The power loss in this case is determined by measuring the average value of the product of induced secondary voltage and magnetic field strength.  
1.6.3 The calibration method described in the annex of this guide applies to both test methods.  
1.7 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may resu...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2015
• ICS: 29.030 - Magnetic materials
• Technical Committee: A06 - Magnetic Properties
• Drafting Committee: A06.01 - Test Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A1036-04(2009) - Standard Guide for Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM A1036-04(2020) - Standard Guide for Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A1036 − 04 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-
Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1036; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope reluctance,low-corelossferromagneticyokesthatserveasflux
return paths. The dimensions of the test fixture for Method 1
1.1 This guide covers procedures for interpreting the spe-
are not fixed but rather may be designed and built for any
cific core loss and peak permeability determined using small
nominal specimen dimension within the limits given in 1.5.
single-sheet test systems. It is limited to single-sheet test
The power loss in this case is determined by measuring the
systems that require a test specimen or coupon be cut from the
average value of the product of primary current and induced
material being tested and are designed such that the entire
secondary voltage.
width of that test specimen is magnetized during testing.
1.6.2 Method 2 covers the use of a small single sheet tester,
1.2 This guide is primarily intended for measurements of
whichemploysamagnetizingwinding,amagneticfluxsensing
the magnetic properties of flat-rolled electrical steels at fre-
winding,andamagneticfieldstrengthdetector.Thepowerloss
quencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz under sinusoidal flux conditions.
in this case is determined by measuring the average value of
the product of induced secondary voltage and magnetic field
1.3 This guide includes procedures to provide correlation
with the 25-cm Epstein test method (Test Method A343/ strength.
1.6.3 The calibration method described in the annex of this
A343M).
guide applies to both test methods.
1.4 The range of magnetic flux densities is governed by the
1.7 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu
properties of the test specimens and the instruments and test
power source. Nonoriented electrical steels may be tested at and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as
standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets.
magnetic flux densities up to about 16-kG [1.6T] for core loss.
The maximum magnetic field strength for peak permeability The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
testing is limited by the current carrying capacity of the
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
magnetizing winding and the test power source. Single sheet
testers are typically capable of testing at magnetic field formance with this standard.
strengths up to 50 Oe [4000 A/m] or more.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.5 Withinthisguide,asmallsinglesheettester(smallSST)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is defined as a magnetic tester designed to test flat, rectangular
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sheet-type specimens. Typical specimens for these testers are
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
square (or nearly so). The design of the small SST test fixture
may be small enough to accommodate specimens about 5 by 5
2. Referenced Documents
cm or may be large enough to accommodate specimens about
2.1 ASTM Standards:
36 by 36 cm. Specimens for a particular SST must be
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
appropriate for the particular test fixture.
Magnetic Testing
1.6 This guide covers two alternative test methods: Method
A343/A343M Test Method for Alternating-Current Mag-
1 and Method 2.
netic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using
1.6.1 Method 1 is an extension of Method 1 of Test Method
Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Ep-
A804/A804M, which describes a test fixture having two
stein Test Frame
windings that encircle the test specimen and two low-
A677 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully
Processed Types
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic
PropertiesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA06.01onTestMethods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A1036–04 (2009). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A1036-04R15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1036 − 04 (2015)
A683/A683M SpecificationforNonorientedElectricalSteel, 5.2 Test Method 2—Test systems for Method 2 are supplied
Semiprocessed Types as complete test systems: test fixture, test power source, and
A726 Specification for Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination complete instrumentation.
Quality Steel, Semiprocessed Types
6. Procedure
A804/A804M Test Methods for Alternating-Current Mag-
netic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using
6.1 Determine Correction Factors—Following the proce-
Sheet-Type Test Specimens
dures given in Annex A1, determine correction factors for the
A840/A840M Specification for Fully Processed Magnetic
grades of material that will be evaluated at the magnetic flux
Lamination Steel
densities at which tests will be performed.The samples used to
determine the correction factors must be typical of the material
3. Terminology thatwillbeevaluatedsincecorrectionfactorsvarywithclassof
material, chemical composition, thickness, heat treatment,
3.1 Definitions:
grain direction, magnetic flux density, and other physical
3.1.1 General—The definitions of terms, symbols, and con-
properties.
version factors relating to magnetic testing found in Terminol-
ogy A340 are used in the methods in this guide. 6.2 Prepare the Test Specimen—The type of test fixture and
its dimensions govern the dimensions of permissible test
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
specimens.The minimum length of a specimen shall be no less
3.2.1 sheet specimen—a rectangular specimen comprised of
than the outside dimension of the distance between pole faces
a single piece of material or paralleled multiple strips of
of the test fixture. The amount of projection of the specimen
material arranged in a single layer.
beyond the pole faces of fixture is not critical but should be no
3.2.2 small single sheet tester—a magnetic tester designed
longer than necessary for convenient loading and unloading of
to determine the magnetic properties of small rectangular
the specimen. For maximum accuracy, the specimen width
sheet-type specimens.
should, as nearly as practicable, be the maximum that can be
accommodated by the opening of the test coil.As a minimum,
4. Significance and Use
it is recommended that the specimen width be at least one half
4.1 Materials Evaluation—Small single sheet testers were
of the maximum width that can be accommodated by the test
developed to supplement the testing of Epstein specimens for
coil.
various applications. They are especially appropriate for deter-
6.2.1 Specimens with length and width appropriate for the
mining the magnetic properties of samples when insufficient
small single sheet tester shall be cut by a suitable method. The
material is available for preparation of an Epstein specimen.
specimens shall be as rectangular as practicable. Excessive
Although the small specimen size is attractive, the precision of burr and mechanical distortion must be avoided when prepar-
the small sheet testers is not expected to be as good as that of
ing the test specimens. Specimens may be subjected to any
the test method Test Method A343/A343M. Small sheet testers desired heat treatment.
are frequently used to measure the properties of both fully
6.3 Make Initial Determinations—Depending upon the test
processed and semiprocessed nonoriented and magnetic lami-
equipment used, the appropriate measured values of length,
nation steels. Specimens of semiprocessed steels are normally
width, thickness, or mass, or combinations thereof, of the
subjectedtoanappropriatequalitydevelopmentannealpriorto
specimen must be determined prior to conducting magnetic
testing. Small sheet testers may also be used to evaluate
tests. These measured values are needed to set up the instru-
oriented electrical steels in either the as sheared or stress-relief
ment for conducting tests. When mass is required, it shall be
annealed condition.
determined using a balance capable of measuring the specimen
mass with an uncertainty less than 0.1 %. The length or width
5. Apparatus
of the specimen shall be measured by any suitable method with
an uncertainty less than 0.1 %.
5.1 Test Method 1—The apparatus for Test Method 1 in-
cludes a test fixture having two windings that encircle the test 6.3.1 Cross-sectional Area—The preferred method of deter-
mining cross-sectional area is the mass-density method. Some
specimen(amagnetizingwindingandaflux-sensingsecondary
winding) and two low-reluctance, low-core loss ferromagnetic test systems may require that the width and thickness of the
specimen be entered into the test instrument and others may
yokes that serve as flux return paths. Such a test fixture may be
constructed by following the instructions given inAnnexA1 of require that the cross-sectional area be entered. The cross-
sectional area is determined using the following equation:
Test Method A804/A804M. The test power and instrumenta-
tion for this method are described as Test Method 1 in Test
A 5 m/ lδ (1)
~ !
Method A804/A804M. The primary difference between the
where:
tests covered by this guide and Test Method 1 of Test Method
A = cross-sectional area of specimen, cm ,
A804/A804M are the dimensions of the yokes and the limita-
m = total mass of specimen, g,
tion to the use of double-yoke test fixtures.When selecting test
l = actual length of specimen, cm, and
instrumentation and test power source components for Method
δ = assumed density of specimen material, g/cm .
1, the devices selected for use with small single-sheet test
fixtures must have appropriate ranges for these smaller test Whenrequired,thethicknessmaybedeterminedbydividing
fixtures. the cross-sectional area by the width.
A1036 − 04 (2015)
6.3.2 Alternate Cross-sectional Area—Although the mass- 6.5 Apply Correction Factors—Using the appropriate cor-
density method of determining the cross-sectional area is the rection factors for the test specimen and test magnetic flux
preferred method, direct m
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A1036 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) A1036 − 04 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-
Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1036; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers procedures for interpreting the specific core loss and peak permeability determined using small
single-sheet test systems. It is limited to single-sheet test systems that require a test specimen or coupon be cut from the material
being tested and are designed such that the entire width of that test specimen is magnetized during testing.
1.2 This guide is primarily intended for measurements of the magnetic properties of flat-rolled electrical steels at frequencies
of 50 Hz or 60 Hz under sinusoidal flux conditions.
1.3 This guide includes procedures to provide correlation with the 25-cm Epstein test method (Test Method A343/A343M).
1.4 The range of magnetic flux densities is governed by the properties of the test specimens and the instruments and test power
source. Nonoriented electrical steels may be tested at magnetic flux densities up to about 16-kG [1.6T] for core loss. The maximum
magnetic field strength for peak permeability testing is limited by the current carrying capacity of the magnetizing winding and
the test power source. Single sheet testers are typically capable of testing at magnetic field strengths up to 50 Oe [4000 A/m] or
more.
1.5 Within this guide, a small single sheet tester (small SST) is defined as a magnetic tester designed to test flat, rectangular
sheet-type specimens. Typical specimens for these testers are square (or nearly so). The design of the small SST test fixture may
be small enough to accommodate specimens about 5 by 5 cm or may be large enough to accommodate specimens about 36 by 36
cm. Specimens for a particular SST must be appropriate for the particular test fixture.
1.6 This guide covers two alternative test methods: Method 1 and Method 2.
1.6.1 Method 1 is an extension of Method 1 of Test Method A804/A804M, which describes a test fixture having two windings
that encircle the test specimen and two low-reluctance, low-core loss ferromagnetic yokes that serve as flux return paths. The
dimensions of the test fixture for Method 1 are not fixed but rather may be designed and built for any nominal specimen dimension
within the limits given in 1.5. The power loss in this case is determined by measuring the average value of the product of primary
current and induced secondary voltage.
1.6.2 Method 2 covers the use of a small single sheet tester, which employs a magnetizing winding, a magnetic flux sensing
winding, and a magnetic field strength detector. The power loss in this case is determined by measuring the average value of the
product of induced secondary voltage and magnetic field strength.
1.6.3 The calibration method described in the annex of this guide applies to both test methods.
1.7 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as
standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
nonconformance with this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.01 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2015. Published August 2009October 2015. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
A1036–04. –04 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/A1036-04R09.10.1520/A1036-04R15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A1036 − 04 (2015)
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to Magnetic Testing
A343/A343M Test Method for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Wattmeter-
Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Epstein Test Frame
A677 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully Processed Types
A683/A683M Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel, Semiprocessed Types
A726 Specification for Cold-Rolled Magnetic Lamination Quality Steel, Semiprocessed Types
A804/A804M Test Methods for Alternating-Current Magnetic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using Sheet-Type
Test Specimens
A840/A840M Specification for Fully Processed Magnetic Lamination Steel
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 General—The definitions of terms, symbols, and conversion factors relating to magnetic testing found in Terminology
A340 are used in the methods in this guide.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 sheet specimen—a rectangular specimen comprised of a single piece of material or paralleled multiple strips of material
arranged in a single layer.
3.2.2 small single sheet tester—a magnetic tester designed to determine the magnetic properties of small rectangular sheet-type
specimens.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Materials Evaluation—Small single sheet testers were developed to supplement the testing of Epstein specimens for various
applications. They are especially appropriate for determining the magnetic properties of samples when insufficient material is
available for preparation of an Epstein specimen. Although the small specimen size is attractive, the precision of the small sheet
testers is not expected to be as good as that of the test method Test Method A343/A343M. Small sheet testers are frequently used
to measure the properties of both fully processed and semiprocessed nonoriented and magnetic lamination steels. Specimens of
semiprocessed steels are normally subjected to an appropriate quality development anneal prior to testing. Small sheet testers may
also be used to evaluate oriented electrical steels in either the as sheared or stress-relief annealed condition.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Test Method 1—The apparatus for Test Method 1 includes a test fixture having two windings that encircle the test specimen
(a magnetizing winding and a flux-sensing secondary winding) and two low-reluctance, low-core loss ferromagnetic yokes that
serve as flux return paths. Such a test fixture may be constructed by following the instructions given in Annex A1 of Test Method
A804/A804M. The test power and instrumentation for this method are described as Test Method 1 in Test Method A804/A804M.
The primary difference between the tests covered by this guide and Test Method 1 of Test Method A804/A804M are the dimensions
of the yokes and the limitation to the use of double-yoke test fixtures. When selecting test instrumentation and test power source
components for Method 1, the devices selected for use with small single-sheet test fixtures must have appropriate ranges for these
smaller test fixtures.
5.2 Test Method 2—Test systems for Method 2 are supplied as complete test systems: test fixture, test power source, and
complete instrumentation.
6. Procedure
6.1 Determine Correction Factors—Following the procedures given in Annex A1, determine correction factors for the grades
of material that will be evaluated at the magnetic flux densities at which tests will be performed. The samples used to determine
the correction factors must be typical of the material that will be evaluated since correction factors vary with class of material,
chemical composition, thickness, heat treatment, grain direction, magnetic flux density, and other physical properties.
6.2 Prepare the Test Specimen—The type of test fixture and its dimensions govern the dimensions of permissible test specimens.
The minimum length of a specimen shall be no less than the outside dimension of the distance between pole faces of the test fixture.
The amount of projection of the specimen beyond the pole faces of fixture is not critical but should be no longer than necessary
for convenient loading and unloading of the specimen. For maximum accuracy, the specimen width should, as nearly as
practicable, be the maximum that can be accommodated by the opening of the test coil. As a minimum, it is recommended that
the specimen width be at least one half of the maximum width that can be accommodated by the test coil.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
A1036 − 04 (2015)
6.2.1 Specimens with length and width appropriate for the small single sheet tester shall be cut by a suitable method. The
specimens shall be as rectangular as practicable. Excessive burr and mechanical distortion must be avoided when preparing the
test specimens. Specimens may be subjected to any desired heat treatment.
6.3 Make Initial Determinations—Depending upon the test equipment used, the appropriate measured values of length, width,
thickness, and/or mass or mass, or combinations thereof, of the specimen must be determined prior to conducting magnetic tests.
These measured values are needed to set up the instrument for conducting tests. When mass is required, it shall be determined using
a balance capable of measuring the specimen mass with an uncertainty less than 0.1 %. The length or width of the specimen shall
be measured by any suitable method with an uncertainty less than 0.1 %.
6.3.1 Cross-sectional Area—The preferred method of determining cross-sectional area is the mass-density method. Some test
systems may require that the width and thickness of the specimen be entered into the test instrument and others may require that
the cross-sectional area be entered. The cross-sectional area is determined using the following equation:
A 5 m/ lδ (1)
~ !
where:
A = cross-sectional area of specimen, cm ,
m = total mass of specimen, g,
l = actual length of specimen, cm, and
δ = assumed density of specimen material, g/cm .
When required, the thickness may be determined by dividing the cross-sectional area by the width.
6.3.2 Alternate Cross-sectional Area—Although the mass-density method of determining the cross-sectional area is the
preferred method, direct measurement of the thickness and width of the test specimen is an alternate method. When the thickness
is measured directly with a micrometer, the length of the specimen does not need to be measured. Direct measurement of the
thickness is likely to increase the uncertainty of measurements, especially for specimens that have applied coatings, have rough
surfaces, or are very thin (less than about 0.018 inin. [0.50 mm]). If direct thickness measurement is used when testing specimens,
direct thickness measurement should also be used when making measurements with the small sheet tester to determine calibration
constants (the corresponding Epstein tests are always to be conducted according to Test Method A343/A343M).
6.4 Perform Tests:
6.4.1 Method 1—Follow the procedures for conducting tests according to Sections 9 though 11 of Test Method A804/A804M
to determine the uncorrected core losses or uncorrected magnetic field strengths, or both, at the desired flux densities. When
computing the uncorrected core loss and uncorrected magnetic field strength, the effective path length should be the distance
between the inner edges of the flux-return yokes measured in the direction of the flux path in the test specimen.
6.4.2 Method 2—Follow the instrument manufacturer’s instructions to determine the uncorrected core losses or uncorrected
magnetic field strengths, or both, at the desired flux densities.
6.5 Apply Correction Factors—Using the appropriate correction factors for the test specimen and test magnetic flux density,
correct the uncorrected core losses and uncorrected magnetic field strengths determined using the small single-sheet tester
(according to either Method 1 or Method 2) using the equations below:
P 5 K P (2)
C B;ƒ l a
~ !
where:
P = corrected specific core loss, W/lb [W/kg],
C(B;ƒ)
K = correction factor for core loss at specified test conditions, and
l
P = uncorrected specific core loss by yoke fixture test, W/lb [W/kg].
a
H 5 K H (3)
P 2 a
where:
H = corrected peak magnetic field strength, Oe [A/m],
P
K = correction factor for magnetic field strength at specified test conditions, and
H = uncorrected peak magnetic field strength by yoke fixture test, Oe [A/m].
a
7. Keywords
7.1 alternating current; core loss; electrical steel; flux density; magnetic; magnetic material; magnetic test; permeability; power
frequency; sheet
A1036 − 04 (2015)
ANNEXES
(Mandatory Information)
A1. CALIBRATION OF SMALL SINGLE SHEET TESTERS (SSTs)
A1.1 This calibration procedure uses specimens that are suitable for testing using a 25-cm Epstein frame. These specimens are
composed of strips that are typically longer than the normal test specimen for the SST being calibrated. The single sheet testers
described in both methods discussed in this guide are considered to be insensitive to excess specimen length. If the specimens are
longer than the distance between the outside edges of the yoke, the portion of the specimen that extends beyond the yoke should
be supported to avoid stress.
A1.2 The specimens used to calibrate the SST shall consist of strips typical of the grade of material that is to be tested in the SST.
At least five specimens of each grade are preferred. For oriented materials these specimens shall be stress-relief annealed. For
nonoriented materials, the annealed condition of the calibration specimens shall be the same as that of the material to be tested.
The width of each strip shall be 3.0 cm [30 mm]. The minimum length of each specimen shall b
...