ASTM A1036-04(2015)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers
Standard Guide for Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Materials Evaluation—Small single sheet testers were developed to supplement the testing of Epstein specimens for various applications. They are especially appropriate for determining the magnetic properties of samples when insufficient material is available for preparation of an Epstein specimen. Although the small specimen size is attractive, the precision of the small sheet testers is not expected to be as good as that of the test method Test Method A343/A343M. Small sheet testers are frequently used to measure the properties of both fully processed and semiprocessed nonoriented and magnetic lamination steels. Specimens of semiprocessed steels are normally subjected to an appropriate quality development anneal prior to testing. Small sheet testers may also be used to evaluate oriented electrical steels in either the as sheared or stress-relief annealed condition.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for interpreting the specific core loss and peak permeability determined using small single-sheet test systems. It is limited to single-sheet test systems that require a test specimen or coupon be cut from the material being tested and are designed such that the entire width of that test specimen is magnetized during testing.
1.2 This guide is primarily intended for measurements of the magnetic properties of flat-rolled electrical steels at frequencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz under sinusoidal flux conditions.
1.3 This guide includes procedures to provide correlation with the 25-cm Epstein test method (Test Method A343/A343M).
1.4 The range of magnetic flux densities is governed by the properties of the test specimens and the instruments and test power source. Nonoriented electrical steels may be tested at magnetic flux densities up to about 16-kG [1.6T] for core loss. The maximum magnetic field strength for peak permeability testing is limited by the current carrying capacity of the magnetizing winding and the test power source. Single sheet testers are typically capable of testing at magnetic field strengths up to 50 Oe [4000 A/m] or more.
1.5 Within this guide, a small single sheet tester (small SST) is defined as a magnetic tester designed to test flat, rectangular sheet-type specimens. Typical specimens for these testers are square (or nearly so). The design of the small SST test fixture may be small enough to accommodate specimens about 5 by 5 cm or may be large enough to accommodate specimens about 36 by 36 cm. Specimens for a particular SST must be appropriate for the particular test fixture.
1.6 This guide covers two alternative test methods: Method 1 and Method 2.
1.6.1 Method 1 is an extension of Method 1 of Test Method A804/A804M, which describes a test fixture having two windings that encircle the test specimen and two low-reluctance, low-core loss ferromagnetic yokes that serve as flux return paths. The dimensions of the test fixture for Method 1 are not fixed but rather may be designed and built for any nominal specimen dimension within the limits given in 1.5. The power loss in this case is determined by measuring the average value of the product of primary current and induced secondary voltage.
1.6.2 Method 2 covers the use of a small single sheet tester, which employs a magnetizing winding, a magnetic flux sensing winding, and a magnetic field strength detector. The power loss in this case is determined by measuring the average value of the product of induced secondary voltage and magnetic field strength.
1.6.3 The calibration method described in the annex of this guide applies to both test methods.
1.7 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may resu...
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Designation: A1036 − 04 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-
1
Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1036; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope reluctance,low-corelossferromagneticyokesthatserveasflux
return paths. The dimensions of the test fixture for Method 1
1.1 This guide covers procedures for interpreting the spe-
are not fixed but rather may be designed and built for any
cific core loss and peak permeability determined using small
nominal specimen dimension within the limits given in 1.5.
single-sheet test systems. It is limited to single-sheet test
The power loss in this case is determined by measuring the
systems that require a test specimen or coupon be cut from the
average value of the product of primary current and induced
material being tested and are designed such that the entire
secondary voltage.
width of that test specimen is magnetized during testing.
1.6.2 Method 2 covers the use of a small single sheet tester,
1.2 This guide is primarily intended for measurements of
whichemploysamagnetizingwinding,amagneticfluxsensing
the magnetic properties of flat-rolled electrical steels at fre-
winding,andamagneticfieldstrengthdetector.Thepowerloss
quencies of 50 Hz or 60 Hz under sinusoidal flux conditions.
in this case is determined by measuring the average value of
the product of induced secondary voltage and magnetic field
1.3 This guide includes procedures to provide correlation
with the 25-cm Epstein test method (Test Method A343/ strength.
1.6.3 The calibration method described in the annex of this
A343M).
guide applies to both test methods.
1.4 The range of magnetic flux densities is governed by the
1.7 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu
properties of the test specimens and the instruments and test
power source. Nonoriented electrical steels may be tested at and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as
standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets.
magnetic flux densities up to about 16-kG [1.6T] for core loss.
The maximum magnetic field strength for peak permeability The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.
testing is limited by the current carrying capacity of the
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-
magnetizing winding and the test power source. Single sheet
testers are typically capable of testing at magnetic field formance with this standard.
strengths up to 50 Oe [4000 A/m] or more.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.5 Withinthisguide,asmallsinglesheettester(smallSST)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is defined as a magnetic tester designed to test flat, rectangular
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
sheet-type specimens. Typical specimens for these testers are
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
square (or nearly so). The design of the small SST test fixture
may be small enough to accommodate specimens about 5 by 5
2. Referenced Documents
cm or may be large enough to accommodate specimens about
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
36 by 36 cm. Specimens for a particular SST must be
A340 Terminology of Symbols and Definitions Relating to
appropriate for the particular test fixture.
Magnetic Testing
1.6 This guide covers two alternative test methods: Method
A343/A343M Test Method for Alternating-Current Mag-
1 and Method 2.
netic Properties of Materials at Power Frequencies Using
1.6.1 Method 1 is an extension of Method 1 of Test Method
Wattmeter-Ammeter-Voltmeter Method and 25-cm Ep-
A804/A804M, which describes a test fixture having two
stein Test Frame
windings that encircle the test specimen and two low-
A677 Specification for Nonoriented Electrical Steel Fully
Processed Types
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic
2
PropertiesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeA06.01onTestMethods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as A1036–04 (2009). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/A1036-04R15. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM Internationa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A1036 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) A1036 − 04 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Guide for
Measuring Power Frequency Magnetic Properties of Flat-
1
Rolled Electrical Steels Using Small Single Sheet Testers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1036; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers procedures for interpreting the specific core loss and peak permeability determined using small
single-sheet test systems. It is limited to single-sheet test systems that require a test specimen or coupon be cut from the material
being tested and are designed such that the entire width of that test specimen is magnetized during testing.
1.2 This guide is primarily intended for measurements of the magnetic properties of flat-rolled electrical steels at frequencies
of 50 Hz or 60 Hz under sinusoidal flux conditions.
1.3 This guide includes procedures to provide correlation with the 25-cm Epstein test method (Test Method A343/A343M).
1.4 The range of magnetic flux densities is governed by the properties of the test specimens and the instruments and test power
source. Nonoriented electrical steels may be tested at magnetic flux densities up to about 16-kG [1.6T] for core loss. The maximum
magnetic field strength for peak permeability testing is limited by the current carrying capacity of the magnetizing winding and
the test power source. Single sheet testers are typically capable of testing at magnetic field strengths up to 50 Oe [4000 A/m] or
more.
1.5 Within this guide, a small single sheet tester (small SST) is defined as a magnetic tester designed to test flat, rectangular
sheet-type specimens. Typical specimens for these testers are square (or nearly so). The design of the small SST test fixture may
be small enough to accommodate specimens about 5 by 5 cm or may be large enough to accommodate specimens about 36 by 36
cm. Specimens for a particular SST must be appropriate for the particular test fixture.
1.6 This guide covers two alternative test methods: Method 1 and Method 2.
1.6.1 Method 1 is an extension of Method 1 of Test Method A804/A804M, which describes a test fixture having two windings
that encircle the test specimen and two low-reluctance, low-core loss ferromagnetic yokes that serve as flux return paths. The
dimensions of the test fixture for Method 1 are not fixed but rather may be designed and built for any nominal specimen dimension
within the limits given in 1.5. The power loss in this case is determined by measuring the average value of the product of primary
current and induced secondary voltage.
1.6.2 Method 2 covers the use of a small single sheet tester, which employs a magnetizing winding, a magnetic flux sensing
winding, and a magnetic field strength detector. The power loss in this case is determined by measuring the average value of the
product of induced secondary voltage and magnetic field strength.
1.6.3 The calibration method described in the annex of this guide applies to both test methods.
1.7 The values and equations stated in customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) or SI units are to be regarded separately as
standard. Within this standard, SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in
nonconformance with this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A06 on Magnetic Properties and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A06.01 on Test Methods.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2015. Published August 2009October 2015. Originally approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
A1036–04. –04 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/A1036-04R09.10.1520/A1036-04R15.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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A1036 − 04 (2015)
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
...
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