ASTM D5372-04(2014)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The significance of each test method will depend upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for testing heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer fluids in closed systems.
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Designation: D5372 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Reduced Pressure
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits,
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
for selecting standard test methods for testing heat transfer
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered
ucts by Hydrometer Method
particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer
D1500 Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
fluids in closed systems.
(ASTM Color Scale)
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
2. Referenced Documents
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
Atmospheric Pressure
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe-
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
Oils
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
(Micro Method)
Open Cup Tester
D6743 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Organic Heat
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Transfer Fluids
Closed Cup Tester
E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
Chemicals
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
G4 Guide for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Field Applica-
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
tions
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petro-
leum Products
3. Terminology
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
3.1.1 heat transfer fluid—a petroleum oil or related hydro-
ity)
carbon material which remains essentially a liquid while
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
transferring heat to or from an apparatus or process. Small
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
percentages of nonhydrocarbon components such as antioxi-
Petroleum Products
dants and dispersants can be present.
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
by Potentiometric Titration
4. Significance and Use
D893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
4.1 The significance of each test method will depend upon
the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed
under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
methods.
mittee D02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved
5. Recommended Test Procedures
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5372 – 04 (2009). DOI:
10.1520/D5372-04R14.
5.1 Pumpability of the Fluid:
The background for this standard was developed by a questionnaire circulated
5.1.1 Flash Point, closed cup (Test Method D93)—This test
by ASTM-ASLE technical division L-VI-2 and reported in Lubrication
Engineering, Vol 32, No. 8, August 1976, pp. 411–416.
method will detect low flash ends which are one cause of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cavitation during pumping. In closed systems, especially when
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
fluids are exposed to temperatures of 225°C (approximately
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 400°F) or higher, the formation of volatile hydrocarbons by
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5372 − 04 (2014)
breakdown of the oil may require venting through a pressure altered oil. The temperature ranges of the tests should corre-
relief system to prevent dangerous pressure build-up. spond to temperatures to which seals will be exposed in
service.
5.1.2 PourPoint(TestMethodD97)—Thepourpointcanbe
5.3.2 Corrosion (Guide G4)—The above tests concern se-
used as an approximate guide to the minimum temperature for
lection of materials of construction with fluids usable for heat
normal pumping and as a general indication of fluid type and
transfer systems. Guide G4 uses test metal specimens fixed
low temperature properties. Should a heat transfer system be
within the stream of test fluid under use. The specimens and
likely to be subjected to low temperatures when not in use, the
conditions for test must be specified for each system.
system should be trace heated to warm the fluid above
minimum pumping temperature before start-up.
5.4 Effıciency:
5.1.3 Viscosity (Test Method D445)—Fluid viscosity is of
5.4.1 Thermal Conductivity (Test Method D2717) and Spe-
importance in the determination of Reynolds and Prandtl
cific Heat (Test Method D2766)—These thermal conductivity
numbers for heat transfer systems, to estimate fluid turbulence,
and specific heat tests are difficult to carry out, facilities for
heat transfer coefficient, and heat flow. Generally, a fluid that is
performing them are few, and the precision data is yet to be
above approximately 200 centistokes is difficult to pump. The
established. Values can be estimated for design use from the
pump and system design will determine the viscosity limit
general chemical composition. Differences contribute to effi-
required for pumping. The construction of a viscosity/
ciencytoalesserdegreethanvaluessuchasviscosity,moisture
temperature curve using determined viscosities can be used to
contamination, and other measurable values in 5.1 and 5.5 of
estimate minimum pumping temperature.
this guide. The values for thermal conductivity and specific
5.1.4 Specific Gravity (Test Method D1298)—Hydraulic heat may be available from the fluid supplier.
shock during pumping has been predicted via the use of a
5.5 Service Life:
combination of density and compressibility data. 5
5.5.1 Thermal Stability, Laboratory Tests —Thermal stabil-
5.1.5 Water Content (Test Method D95)—The water content
ity is here defined as the resistance of a hydrocarbon liquid to
of a fresh heat transfer fluid can be used to indicate how long
permanent changes in properties that make it a less efficient
the heat transfer system must be dried out duri
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5372 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) D5372 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Guide for
Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for testing heat transfer fluids
for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer fluids in
closed systems.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
D91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating Oils
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D471 Test Method for Rubber Property—Effect of Liquids
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D893 Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating Oils
D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
D2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Liquids
D2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and Solids
D2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)
D6743 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Organic Heat Transfer Fluids
E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of Liquid Chemicals
G4 Guide for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Field Applications
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 heat transfer fluid—a petroleum oil or related hydrocarbon material which remains essentially a liquid while transferring
heat to or from an apparatus or process. Small percentages of nonhydrocarbon components such as antioxidants and dispersants
can be present.
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.
Current edition approved April 15, 2009May 1, 2014. Published July 2009 July 2014. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
D5372D5372 – 04 (2009). – 04. DOI: 10.1520/D5372-04R09.10.1520/D5372-04R14.
The background for this standard was developed by a questionnaire circulated by ASTM-ASLE technical division L-VI-2 and reported in Lubrication Engineering, Vol
32, No. 8, August 1976, pp. 411–416.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5372 − 04 (2014)
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The significance of each test method will depend upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under
Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.
5. Recommended Test Procedures
5.1 Pumpability of the Fluid:
5.1.1 Flash Point, closed cup (Test Method D93)—This test method will detect low flash ends which are one cause of cavitation
during pumping. In closed systems, especially when fluids are exposed to temperatures of 225°C (approximately 400°F) or higher,
the formation of volatile hydrocarbons by breakdown of the oil may require venting through a pressure relief system to prevent
dangerous pressure build-up.
5.1.2 Pour Point (Test Method D97)—The pour point can be used as an approximate guide to the minimum temperature for
normal pumping and as a general indication of fluid type and low temperature properties. Should a heat transfer system be likely
to be subjected to low temperatures when not in use, the system should be trace heated to warm the fluid above minimum pumping
temperature before start-up.
5.1.3 Viscosity (Test Method D445)—Fluid viscosity is of importance in the determination of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers for
heat transfer systems, to estimate fluid turbulence, heat transfer coefficient, and heat flow. Generally, a fluid that is above
approximately 200 centistokes is difficult to pump. The pump and system design will determine the viscosity limit required for
pumping. The construction of a viscosity/temperature curve using determined viscosities can be used to estimate minimum
pumping temperature.
5.1.4 Specific Gravity (Test Method D1298)—Hydraulic shock during pumping has been predicted via the use of a combination
of density and compressibility data.
5.1.5 Water Content (Test Method D95)—The water content of a fresh heat transfer fluid can be used to indicate how long the
heat transfer system must be dried out during commissioning, while raising the bulk oil temperature through the 100°C plus region,
with venting, before the system can be safely used at higher temperatures. The expansion tank should be full during the operations
to ensure that moisture is safely vented in the lowest pressure part of the systems. Positive nitrogen pressure on the heat exchange
systems will minimize entry of air or moisture. Heat transfer systems operating at temperatures of 120° or greater must, for reasons
of safety, be dry, because destructive high pressures are generated when water enters the high temperature sections of the system.
Heating the oil before it is placed in service also removes most of the dissolved air in the oil. If not removed, the air can cause
pump cavitation. The air can also accumulate in stagnant parts of the system at high pressure and could cause an explosion.
5.2 Safety in Use:
5.2.1 Autoignition Temperature (Test Method E659)—The above test relates to the autoignition temperature of a bulk fluid.
Hydrocarbon fluids absorbed on porous inert surfaces can ig
...
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