ASTM D2603-98
(Test Method)Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
Test Method for Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear stability of an oil containing polymer in terms of the permanent loss in viscosity that results from irradiating a sample of the oil in a sonic oscillator. This test method can be useful in predicting the continuity of this property in an oil where no change is made in the base stock or the polymer. It is not intended that this test method serve to predict the performance of polymer-containing oils in service.
1.2 Evidence has been presented that correlation between the shear degradation results obtained via sonic oscillation and those obtained in mechanical devices can be poor. This is especially true in the case of automotive engines. Further evidence indicates that the sonic technique may rate different families of polymers in a different order than mechanical devices.
1.3 Because of these limitations, the committee under whose jurisdiction this test method falls has developed an alternative shear test method using a diesel injector nozzle, Test Method D3945. While that test method has found some utility in the evaluation of crankcase oils, the stress imparted to the sample has been found to be insufficient to shear polymers of the shear-resistant type found in aircraft hydraulic fluids.
1.4 This test method is used for polymeric additive specifications, especially in the hydraulic fluid market.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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Designation: D 2603 – 98 An American National Standard
Test Method for
Sonic Shear Stability of Polymer-Containing Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2603; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the shear 2.1 ASTM Standards:
stability of an oil containing polymer in terms of the permanent D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
loss in viscosity that results from irradiating a sample of the oil and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
in a sonic oscillator. This test method can be useful in Viscosity)
predicting the continuity of this property in an oil where no D 3945 Test Methods for Shear Stability of Polymer-
change is made in the base stock or the polymer. It is not Containing Fluids Using a Diesel Injector Nozzle
intended that this test method serve to predict the performance D 6022 Practice for Calculation of Permanent Shear Stabil-
of polymer-containing oils in service. ity Index
1.2 Evidence has been presented that correlation between
3. Summary of Test Method
the shear degradation results obtained by means of sonic
oscillation and those obtained in mechanical devices can be 3.1 A convenient volume of polymer-containing oil is irra-
diated in a sonic oscillator for a period of time and the changes
poor. This is especially true in the case of automotive engines.
Further evidence indicates that the sonic technique may rate in viscosity are determined by Test Method D 445. Standard
reference fluids containing either a readily sheared or shear-
different families of polymers in a different order than me-
,
2 3
chanical devices. resistant polymer are run frequently to ensure that the equip-
ment imparts a controlled amount of sonic energy to the
1.3 Because of these limitations, the committee under
whose jurisdiction this test method falls has developed an sample.
alternative shear test method using a diesel injector nozzle, Test
NOTE 1—The conditions to obtain the data for the precision statement
Method D 3945. While that test method has found some utility
were a 30 mL sample, 10 min, and at 0°C.
in the evaluation of crankcase oils, the stress imparted to the
4. Significance and Use
sample has been found to be insufficient to shear polymers of
the shear-resistant type found in aircraft hydraulic fluids.
4.1 This test method permits the evaluation of shear stability
1.4 This test method is used for polymeric additive specifi-
with minimum interference from thermal and oxidative factors
cations, especially in the hydraulic fluid market.
which may be present in some applications. Within the
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
limitations expressed in the scope of this test method, it has
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
been successfully applied to hydraulic fluids, transmission
informational purposes only.
fluids, tractor fluids, and other fluids of similar applications. It
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
has been found applicable to fluids containing both readily
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
sheared and shear-resistant polymers. Correlation with perfor-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
mance in the case of automotive engine applications has, to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
date, not been established.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Sonic Shear Unit, fixed frequency oscillator and sonic
horn.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
5.2 Auxiliary Equipment—To facilitate uniform perfor-
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.07on Flow Properties.
mance, the following auxiliary equipment is recommended:
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1998. Published February 1999. Originally
5.2.1 Cooling Bath or Ice Bath—To maintain a desired
published as D 2603 – 67 T. Last previous edition D 2603 – 91.
2 temperature such as 0°C.
The Effects of Polymer Degradation on Flow Properties of Fluids and
Lubricants, ASTM STP 382, ASTM, 1965. Available from ASTM Headquarters, 100
Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428.
3 4
Shear Stability of Multigrade Crankcase Oil, ASTM DS 49, ASTM, 1973. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
PA 19428. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2603
5.2.2 Griffın 50 mL Beaker, borosilicate glass.
5.2.3 Sonic-Insulated Box—To enclose the sonic horn to
reduce the ambient noise level produced by the sonic shear
unit.
5.3 Viscometer—Any viscometer and bath meeting the re-
quirements of Test Method D 445.
6. Reference Fluids
6.1 The primary reference fluid is ASTM Reference Fluid
A, a petroleum oil containing a polymer capable of being
broken down by turbulence at high rates of shear. This oil has
the following typical properties:
Petroleum Reference
Base Fluid A
Viscosity at 100°C, mm /s (cSt) 5.4 10.8
Viscosity at 40°C, mm /s (cSt) 32 58
6.2 A second reference fluid is ASTM Reference Fluid B,
a petroleum oil containing a polymer capable of being broken
down by turbulence at high rates of shear. This oil has a
viscosity of about 13.6 mm /s (cSt) at 40°C.
7. Calibration of Apparatus
7.1 The reference fluid provides a practical way to define
the performance (severity level) of a sonic oscillator unit so
that satisfactory comparison can be made between tests run on
different days in the same unit and between tests run with
different units.
7.2 The decrease in viscosity observed for a given polymer-
containing oil on irradiation in an oscillator unit depends on a
number of factors; these include sample volume, irradiation
time, and oscillator power setting. These parameters can be
varied in order to increase or decrease severity of test exposure.
Tuning of the oscillator-horn combination is also required in
order to assure efficiency of energy coupling between the two
FIG. 1 Sch
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