ASTM D4785-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water
Standard Test Method for Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was developed for measuring low levels of iodine-131 in water. The results of the test may be used to determine if the concentration of iodine-131 in the sample exceeds the regulatory statutes for drinking water. With a suitable counting technique, sample size, and counting time, a detection limit of less than 0.037 Bq/L (1 pCi/L) is attainable by gamma-ray spectroscopy.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantification of low levels of radioactive iodine in water by means of chemical separation and counting with a high-resolution gamma ray detector. Iodine is chemically separated from a 4-L water sample using ion exchange and solvent extraction and is then precipitated as cuprous iodide for counting.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 2 , Note 3, Note 9, and Section 9 .
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Designation: D4785 − 08
StandardTest Method for
1
Low-Level Analysis of Iodine Radioisotopes in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4785; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.1 This test method covers the quantification of low levels
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
ofradioactiveiodineinwaterbymeansofchemicalseparation
and counting with a high-resolution gamma ray detector.
4. Summary of Test Method
Iodine is chemically separated from a 4-L water sample using
4.1 Sodium iodide is added as a carrier prior to performing
ion exchange and solvent extraction and is then precipitated as
any chemical separations. The samples undergo an oxidation-
cuprous iodide for counting.
reduction process to ensure exchange between the carrier and
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
the radioactive iodide. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride and so-
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
dium bisulfite are added to convert all the iodine to iodide
information purposes only.
which is then removed by anion exchange. Subsequent elution
of the iodide is followed by oxidation-reduction to elemental
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
iodine. The elemental iodine is purified by solvent extraction,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
reduced to iodide, and precipitated as cuprous iodide. The
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
chemical recovery is determined from the recovery of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
iodide carrier.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see Note 2, Note 3, Note 9, and Section 9.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method was developed for measuring low
2. Referenced Documents
levelsofradioactiveiodineinwater.Theresultsofthetestmay
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: be used to determine if the concentration of several radioiso-
topesofiodineinthesampleexceedstheregulatorystatutesfor
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
drinking water. With a suitable counting technique, sample
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
size, and counting time, a detection limit of less than 0.037
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Bq/L (1 pCi/L) is attainable by gamma-ray spectroscopy. This
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
131
method was tested for I . Other iodine radioisotopes should
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
behave in an identical manner in this procedure. However,
D3648Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
other iodine radioisotopes have not been tested according to
D3649PracticeforHigh-ResolutionGamma-RaySpectrom-
Practice D2777. The user of this method is responsible for
etry of Water
determining applicability, bias, and precision for the measure-
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
ment of other iodine radioisotopes using this method.
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
D3856Guide for Management Systems in Laboratories 5.2 This procedure addresses the analysis of iodine radio-
Engaged in Analysis of Water isotopes with half-lives greater than 2 hours, which include
123 124 125 126 129 130 131 132 133
121I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, I, and
135
I.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water
6. Interferences
andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD19.04onMethodsofRadiochemi-
cal Analysis.
6.1 Stable iodine in the sample will interfere with the
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally
chemical recovery determination. One milligram of ambient
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4785–00a. DOI:
iodine would produce a bias of about −4%.
10.1520/D4785-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.2 There are numerous characteristic iodine X-rays at and
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
below 33.6 keV which are indicative of iodine, but not a
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. specific radioisotope of iodine. It is recommended that only
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D4785 − 08
discreetgammaenergylinesatandabove35.5keVbeusedfor 8.7 Cuprous Chloride Solution(approximately10mgCuCl/
ident
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4785–00a Designation:D4785–08
Standard Test Method for
Low-Level Iodine-131 in WaterLow-Level Analysis of Iodine
1
Radioisotopes in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4785; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the quantification of low levels of iodine-131radioactive iodine in water by means of chemical
separation and counting with a high-resolution gamma ray detector. Iodine is chemically separated from a 4-Lwater sample using
ion exchange and solvent extraction and is then precipitated as cuprous iodide for counting.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 2, Note 3, Note 8Note 9, and Section 9.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D-19D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
D3648 Practices for the Measurement of Radioactivity
3
D3649Practice for High-Resolution Gamma-Ray Spectrometry of Water Practice for High-Resolution Gamma-Ray
Spectrometry of Water
D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
D3856 Guide for Good Laboratory Practices in Laboratories Engaged in Sampling and Analysis of Water
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1129.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Sodium iodide is added as a carrier prior to performing any chemical separations. The samples undergo an oxidation-
reduction process to ensure exchange between the carrier and the radioactive iodide. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium
bisulfite are added to convert all the iodine to iodide which is then removed by anion exchange. Subsequent elution of the iodide
is followed by oxidation-reduction yieldsto elemental iodine. The elemental iodine is purified by solvent extraction, reduced to
iodide, and precipitated as cuprous iodide. The chemical yieldrecovery is determined from the recovery of the iodide carrier.
5. Significance and Use
5.1This test method was developed for measuring low levels of iodine-131 in water. The results of the test may be used to
determine if the concentration of iodine-131 in the sample exceeds the regulatory statutes for drinking water. With a suitable
countingtechnique,samplesize,andcountingtime,adetectionlimitoflessthan0.037Bq/L(1pCi/L)isattainablebygamma-ray
spectroscopy.
5.1 This test method was developed for measuring low levels of radioactive iodine in water.The results of the test may be used
todetermineiftheconcentrationofseveralradioisotopesofiodineinthesampleexceedstheregulatorystatutesfordrinkingwater.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemical
Analysis.
Current edition approved July 10, 2000. Published October 2000. Originally published as D4785–88. Last previous edition D 4785–00.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4785–00a.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 11.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4785–08
Withasuitablecountingtechnique,samplesize,andcountingtime,adetectionlimitoflessthan0.037Bq/L(1pCi/L)isattainable
131
by gamma-ray spectroscopy.This method was tested for I . Other iodine radioisotopes should behave in an identical manner in
this p
...
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