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ASTM A982/A982M-05(2010)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils

Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils

ABSTRACT
This specification covers stainless steel forgings for compressor and turbine bucket, blade, and airfoil applications. The stainless steel shall be made by the melting process and either the closed impression die or the open die forging processes may be utilized. Two complete heat treatments, consisting of an austenize, quench, and temper, are permitted. When heat treatment for mechanical properties is followed by straightening, a stress-relieving heat treatment is required. The forgings shall be subjected to tension, impact, hardness, and non-destructive tests. All forgings shall be free of cracks, seams, laps, shrinkage, and similar discontinuities.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel forgings for compressor and turbine bucket, blade, and airfoil applications.
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2010
ICS
77.140.85 - Iron and steel forgings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.06 - Steel Forgings and Billets
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A982/A982M-05 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010
Replaced By
ASTM A982/A982M-10 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils
Effective Date
01-Nov-2010
Referred By
ASTM A788/A788M-23 - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, General Requirements
Effective Date
01-Apr-2010

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ASTM A982/A982M-05(2010) - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine AirfoilsASTM A982/A982M-05(2010) - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils
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ASTM A982/A982M-05(2010) - Standard Specification for Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine Airfoils
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A982/A982M – 05 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Specification for
Steel Forgings, Stainless, for Compressor and Turbine
Airfoils
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA982/A982M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. General Requirements
1.1 This specification covers stainless steel forgings for 4.1 Materials supplied to this specification shall conform to
compressor and turbine bucket, blade, and airfoil applications. the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, which out-
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units lines additional ordering information, manufacturing require-
and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract ments, testing and retesting methods and procedures, marking,
specifies the applicable M designation (SI units), the inch- certification, product analysis variations and additional supple-
pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound mentary requirements.
units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. 4.2 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict
Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values with the requirements of Specification A788/A788M, the
stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, requirements of this specification shall prevail.
each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-
5. Manufacture
ingvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformance
5.1 Melting Process—All melting processes of Specifica-
with the standard.
tion A788/A788M are permitted unless Supplementary Re-
2. Referenced Documents
quirement S1 is invoked by the purchaser.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 5.2 Forging Process—Either the closed impression die or
A275/A275M Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination the open die forging processes may be utilized unless the
of Steel Forgings purchaser specifies one or the other.
A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re- 5.2.1 Forging Temperature—The maximum part tempera-
quirements ture during forging shall be 2150°F [1175°C].
E381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets, 5.3 Heat Treatment—Heat treating all forgings is required
Blooms, and Forgings in accordance with Table 1 to develop the required mechanical
E562 Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by properties.
Systematic Manual Point Count 5.3.1 Number of Heat Treatments—Two complete heat
treatments, consisting of an austenitize, quench, and temper,
3. Ordering Information
are permitted. Purchaser approval is required prior to any
3.1 In addition to the ordering information required by
additional heat treatments.
Specification A788/A788M, the purchaser shall include a 5.3.2 Temperature Variation—Heat treating temperatures
sketchorwrittendescriptionoftheforgingwiththeinquiryand
shall be controlled in the range of 625°F [614°C].
order. 5.4 Stress Relief—When heat treatment for mechanical
properties is followed by straightening, a stress-relieving heat
treatmentisrequiredatatemperaturemeetingtherequirements
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
of Table 1.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
5.4.1 QuenchingafterStressRelief—Wateroroilquenching
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets.
Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published May 2010. Originally
of stress-relieved forgings is prohibited.
published in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as A982/A982M – 05.
DOI: 10.1520/A0982_A0982M-05R10.
6. Chemical Composition
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 6.1 Thesteelshallconformtotherequirementsforchemical
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
composition prescribed in Table 2.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A982/A982M – 05 (2010)
TABLE 1 Heat Treatment, °F [°C]
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
Classes1&2 Class1 Class1 Class2 Classes1&2 Class1 Class2 Class1
Austenitizing 1725-1775 1600-1750 1825-1875 1725-1875 1875-1925 2075-2125 1725-1775 1875-1925
[940-970] [870-955] [995-1025] [940-1025] [1025-1050] [1135-1165] [940-970] [1025-1050]
Quenching Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid Air or liquid
Single tempering 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1050 min 1150 min 1250 min 1100 min .
[565 min] [565 min] [565 min] [565 min] [620 min] [675 min] [595 min]
Double tempering . . . . . . 1025 min 1025 min . . . .
[550 min] [550 min]
Aging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135-1165
[615-630]
Stress Relieving 1025 min 1025 min 1000 min 1000 min 1100 min 1200 min 1050 min 1100 min
[550 min] [550 min] [540 min] [540 min] [595 min] [650 min] [565 min] [595 min]
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
Composition %
Grade A Grade B Grade C Grade D Grade E Grade F
UNS Designation S41000 S41005 S41428 S42225 S41041 S17400
Carbon 0.15 max 0.10-0.15 0.10-0.17 0.20-0.25 0.13-0.18 0.07 max
Manganese 1.0 max 0.25-0.80 0.65-1.05 0.5-1.0 0.4-0.6 1.0 max
Phosphorus, max 0.018 0.018 0.020 0.020 0.030 0.040
Sulfur, max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.010 0.030 0.030
Silicon 0.5 max 0.5 max 0.10-0.35 0.20-0.50 0.5 max 1.0 max
Nickel 0.75 max 0.75 max 2.25-3.25 0.5-1.0 0.5 max 3.0-5.0
Chromium 11.5-13.0 11.5-13.0 11.25-12.75 11.0-12.5 11.5-13.0 15.0-17.5
Molybdenum 0.5 max 0.5 max 1.5-2.0 0.9-1.25 0.20 max . . .
Vanadium . . . Report only 0.25-0.40 0.20-0.30 . . . . . .
Tungsten . . . 0.10 max 0.10 max 0.9-1.25 . . . . . .
Nitrogen . . . 0.08 max 0.020-0.045 Report only . . . . . .
Aluminum . . . 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.025 max 0.05 max . . .
Columbium . . . 0.20 max . . . 0.05 max 0.15-0.45 0.15-0.45
Cobalt . . . . . . . . . 0.20 max . . . . . .
Titanium . . . 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.025 max . . . . . .
Copper . . . 0.15 max 0.15 max 0.15 max . . . 3.0-5.0
Tin . . . 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.02 max . . . . . .
7. Mechanical Properties treated either in the same charge in either a batch furnace or a
continuous type furnace.
7.1 Tension, Impact, and Hardness Tests—All testing shall
be performed after heat treatment and stress relief, as appli- 7.1.1.2 Continuous Heat Treating Furnaces—Test forgings
cable. The test specimens shall meet the requirements of Table shall be taken from each of the first and last push or tray to exit
3.
the furnace. Additional forgings shall be taken so that the
7.1.1 Number of Tests—A minimum of two forgings from
maximum time between samples is 4 h.
each lot shall be randomly selected for longitudinal tensile,
7.1.1.3 Test Locations—One
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes where the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities, or a combination thereof, which give rise to ultrasonic indications.  
4.2 The acceptance criteria shall be clearly stated as order requirements.
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FIG. 1 Bored Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging bore surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
FIG. 2 Solid Forgings
Note 1: Sensitivity multiplication factor such that a 10 % indication at the forging centerline surface will be equivalent to a 1/8 in. [3 mm] diameter flat bottom hole. Inspection frequency: 2.0 MHz or 2.25 MHz. Material velocity: 2.30 in./s × 105 in./s [5.85 cm/s × 105 cm/s].
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the determination of heat stability of steam turbine shafts and rotor forgings to ensure stability at operating temperature. This specification is not ordinarily applicable to generator rotor forgings.  
1.2 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the specification, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 Supplementary requirements of an optional nature are provided for use at the option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Specification for Alloy Steel Forgings for Pressure and High-Temperature Parts

ABSTRACT
This specification deals with ferritic alloy steel forgings for high-pressure and high-temperature parts, such as boilers, pressure vessels, and associated equipment. The steel grades covered here include the following: Grade F1; Grade F11, Classes 1, 2, and 3; Grade F12; Grade F5; Grade F5A; Grade F9; Grade F6; Grades F21 and F22, Classes 1 and 3; Grade F91, Grade F3V; and Grade F22V. Other steel grades may also be treated under this specification. Alloy steels shall be melted, forged, and rough machined at stipulated conditions. Except as permitted for Grade F22V, steel forgings shall be annealed or normalized and tempered, but may alternatively be liquid quenched and tempered as well. Impact and Charpy V-notch tests shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to specified mechanical requirements such as notch toughness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and reduction of area. Materials shall also undergo heat and product analyses and conform to specified chemical requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers ferritic steel forgings for boilers, pressure vessels, high-temperature parts, and associated equipment.  
1.2 Forgings made of steel grades listed in Specification A335/A335M may also be ordered under this specification. The chemical, tensile, heat treatment, and marking requirements of Specification A335/A335M shall apply, except the forging shall conform to the chemical requirements of Tables 1 and 2 of Specification A335/A335M only with respect to heat analysis. On product analysis they may deviate from these limits to the extent permitted in Table 1 of this specification.  
1.3 Supplementary Requirements S1 to S10 are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.4 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch-pound units.  
1.5 Specification A336/A336M formerly included austenitic steel forgings, which are now found in Specification A965/A965M.  
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A275/A275M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination of Steel Forgings

ABSTRACT
This test method covers the procedures for the standard practice of performing magnetic particle examination on steel forgings. The inspection medium shall consist of finely divided ferromagnetic particles, whose size, shape and magnetic properties, both individually and collectively, shall be taken into account. Forgings may be magnetized in the longitudinal or circular direction by employing the surge or continuous current flow methods. Magnetization may be applied by passing current through the piece or by inducing a magnetic field by means of a central conductor, such as a prod or yoke, or by coils. While the material is properly magnetized, the magnetic particles may be applied by either the dry method, wet method, or fluorescent method. The parts shall also be sufficiently demagnetized after inspection so that residual or leakage fields will not interfere with future operations to which the steel forgings shall be used for. Indications to be evaluated are grouped into three broad classes, namely: surface defects, which include laminar defects, forging laps and folds, flakes (thermal ruptures caused by entrapped hydrogen), heat-treating cracks, shrinkage cracks, grinding cracks, and etching or plating cracks; subsurface defects, which include stringers of nonmetallic inclusions, large nonmetallics, cracks in underbeads of welds, and forging bursts; and nonrelevant or false indications, which include magnetic writing, changes in section, edge of weld, and flow lines.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For ferromagnetic materials, magnetic particle examination is widely specified for the detection of surface and near surface discontinuities such as cracks, laps, seams, and linearly oriented nonmetallic inclusions. Such examinations are included as mandatory requirements in some forging standards such as Specification A508/A508M.  
4.2 Use of direct current or rectified alternating (full or half wave) current as the power source for magnetic particle examination allows detection of subsurface discontinuities.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice2 covers a procedure for magnetic particle examination of steel forgings. The procedure will produce consistent results upon which acceptance standards can be based. This practice does not contain acceptance standards or recommended quality levels.  
1.2 Only direct current or rectified alternating (full or half wave) current shall be used as the electric power source for any of the magnetizing methods. Alternating current is not permitted because its capability to detect subsurface discontinuities is very limited and therefore unsuitable.  
1.2.1 Portable battery powered electromagnetic yokes are outside the scope of this practice.
Note 1: Guide E709 may be utilized for magnetic particle examination in the field for machinery components originally manufactured from steel forgings.  
1.3 The minimum requirements for magnetic particle examination shall conform to practice standards of Practice E1444/E1444M. If the requirements of this practice are in conflict with the requirements of Practice E1444/E1444M, the requirements of this practice shall prevail.  
1.4 This practice and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices ...

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ASTM
ASTM A473-23a(Specification)
Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Forgings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steel forgings for general use, and for low- or high-temperature service. The different solution heat treatment and annealing treatment received by the steel material are presented in details. The steel shall conform to the specified chemical composition and room temperature mechanical requirements. The forgings shall be produced with prolongations for testing, unless otherwise specified. The number of and procedure for tension test for forgings depending on their weight are presented. The tension test specimens shall be taken from the test prolongations or from the forgings.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers austenitic, austenitic-ferritic, ferritic, and martensitic stainless steel forgings for general use, and for low- or high-temperature service.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 Supplementary requirements from Specification A788/A788M may be specified when additional testing, inspection, or processing is required.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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