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ASTM E208-06(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels

Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The fracture-strength transitions of ferritic steels used in the notched condition are markedly affected by temperature. For a given “low” temperature, the size and acuity of the flaw (notch) determines the stress level required for initiation of brittle fracture. The significance of this test method is related to establishing that temperature, defined herein as the NDT temperature, at which the “small flaw” initiation curve, Fig. 1, falls to nominal yield strength stress levels with decreasing temperature, that is, the point marked NDT in Fig. 1.
FIG. 1 Generalized Fracture Analysis Diagram Indicating the Approximate Range of Flaw Sizes Required for Fracture Initiation at Various Levels of Nominal Stress, as Referenced by the NDT Temperature3 , 4  
5.2 Interpretations to other conditions required for fracture initiation may be made by the use of the generalized flaw-size, stress-temperature diagram shown in Fig. 1. The diagram was derived from a wide variety of tests, both fracture-initiation and fracture-arrest tests, as correlated with the NDT temperature established by the drop-weight test. Validation of the NDT concept has been documented by correlations with numerous service failures encountered in ship, pressure vessel, machinery component, forged, and cast steel applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the nil-ductility transition (NDT) temperature of ferritic steels, 5/8 in. (15.9 mm) and thicker.  
1.2 This test method may be used whenever the inquiry, contract, order, or specification states that the steels are subject to fracture toughness requirements as determined by the drop-weight test.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2012
ICS
77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
Technical Committee
E28 - Mechanical Testing
Drafting Committee
E28.07 - Impact Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E208-17 - Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
Effective Date
01-Dec-2017

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ASTM E208-06(2012) - Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic SteelsASTM E208-06(2012) - Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
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ASTM E208-06(2012) - Standard Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E208 − 06 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Conducting Drop-Weight Test to Determine Nil-Ductility
1
Transition Temperature of Ferritic Steels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E208; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
This drop-weight test was developed at the Naval Research Laboratory in 1952 and has been used
extensively to investigate the conditions required for initiation of brittle fractures in structural steels.
Drop-weight test facilities have been established at several Naval activities, research institutions, and
industrial organizations in this country and abroad. The method is used for specification purposes by
industrial organizations and is referenced in several ASTM specifications and the ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code. This procedure was prepared to ensure that tests conducted at all locations
wouldhaveacommonmeaning.ThistestmethodwasoriginallypublishedasDepartmentoftheNavy
document NAVSHIPS-250-634-3.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 ferritic—thewordferriticasusedhereafterreferstoall
α-Fe steels. This includes martensitic, pearlitic, and all other
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the nil-
nonaustenitic steels.
5
ductility transition (NDT) temperature of ferritic steels, ⁄8 in.
(15.9 mm) and thicker.
3.1.2 nil-ductility transition (NDT) temperature—the maxi-
mum temperature where a standard drop-weight specimen
1.2 This test method may be used whenever the inquiry,
breaks when tested according to the provisions of this method.
contract,order,orspecificationstatesthatthesteelsaresubject
to fracture toughness requirements as determined by the
4. Summary of Test Method
drop-weight test.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 4.1 The drop-weight test employs simple beam specimens
as the standard. specially prepared to create a material crack in their tensile
surfaces at an early time interval of the test. The test is
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
conducted by subjecting each of a series (generally four to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
eight) of specimens of a given material to a single impact load
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
at a sequence of selected temperatures to determine the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
maximumtemperatureatwhichaspecimenbreaks.Theimpact
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
loadisprovidedbyaguided,free-fallingweightwithanenergy
2. Referenced Documents
of 250 to 1200 ft-lbf (340 to 1630 J) depending on the yield
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts: strength of the steel to be tested. The specimens are prevented
2
by a stop from deflecting more than a few tenths of an inch.
Drop Weight Machine
4.2 The usual test sequence is as follows: After the prepa-
3. Terminology
rationandtemperatureconditioningofthespecimen,theinitial
3.1 Definitions:
drop-weighttestisconductedatatesttemperatureestimatedto
be near the NDT temperature. Depending upon the results of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee E28 on
the first test, tests of the other specimens are conducted at
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on
suitable temperature intervals to establish the limits within
Impact Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally
10°F (5°C) for break and no-break performance. A duplicate
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E208–06. DOI:
test at the lowest no-break temperature of the series is
10.1520/E0208-06R12.
2 conducted to confirm no-break performance at this tempera-
Detail drawings for the construction of this machine are available fromASTM
Headquarters. Order ADJE0208. Original adjunct produced in 2002. ture.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E208 − 06 (2012)
4.3 In 1984, the method of applying the crack-starter weld simple beam under the falling weight. Fig. 2(a) illustrates a
bead was changed from a two-pass technique to the current typical drop-weight machine built of standard structural
single-passprocedure,andthepracticeofrepair-weldingofthe shapes.
crack-starter weld bead was prohibited. For steels whose
6.2 Arail, or rails, rigidly held in a vertical position an
...

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4.1 The Rockwell hardness test is an empirical indentation hardness test that can provide useful information about metallic materials. This information may correlate to tensile strength, wear resistance, ductility, and other physical characteristics of metallic materials, and may be useful in quality control and selection of materials.  
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4.4 Adherence to this standard test method provides traceability to national Rockwell hardness standards except as stated otherwise.
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4.2 Differential Indentation Depth hardness tests are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, and have been used in industry for this purpose.  
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4.4 Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing machines covered by this standard do not comply with Test Methods E10, E18, E92, or E110.
SCOPE
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Examples of Indenters Used in Differential Indentation Depth Machines  
Appendix X3  
1.4 Units—This standard specifies the units of force and length in the International System of Units (SI); that is, force in Newtons (N) and length in micrometers (µm). However, because of continued common usage, values are provided in other units of measure for information.  
1.5 The test principles, testing procedures, and verification procedures are essentially identical for all the Differential Indentation Depth hardness testing instruments. The testing instruments may use different test forces and indenter shapes. The type and size of the indenters are matched to the design of the instrument by the manufacturer. Accordingly, the indenters, probes and other instrument components are generally not interchangeable among manufacturers.  
1.6 The hardness number reported by these instruments are based on direct correlations to existing hardness scales as determined by each manufacturer for each instrument and hardness scale. Unless otherwise noted on the instrument or in the operating manual for the instrument, the hardness numbers reported by the instrument are only applicable to non-austenitic steels. See 5.6.1 for additional information.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organizati...

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ASTM
ASTM E436-03(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drop-Weight Tear Tests of Ferritic Steels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method can be used to determine the appearance of propagating fractures in plain carbon or low-alloy pipe steels (yield strengths less than 825 MPa) over the temperature range where the fracture mode changes from brittle (cleavage or flat) to ductile (shear or oblique).  
4.2 This test method can serve the following purposes:  
4.2.1 For research and development, to study the effect of metallurgical variables such as composition or heat treatment, or of fabricating operations such as welding or forming on the mode of fracture propagation.  
4.2.2 For evaluation of materials for service to indicate the suitability of a material for specific applications by indicating fracture propagation behavior at the service temperature(s).  
4.2.3 For information or specification purposes, to provide a manufacturing quality control only when suitable correlations have been established with service behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers drop-weight tear tests (DWTT) on ferritic steels with thicknesses between 3.18 mm and 19.1 mm.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E143-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Shear Modulus at Room Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shear modulus is a material property useful in calculating compliance of structural materials in torsion provided they follow Hooke's law, that is, the angle of twist is proportional to the applied torque. Examples of the use of shear modulus are in the design of rotating shafts and helical compression springs.  
5.2 The procedural steps and precision of the apparatus and the test specimens should be appropriate to the shape and the material type, since the method applies to a wide variety of materials and sizes.  
5.3 Precise determination of shear modulus depends on the numerous variables that may affect such determinations.  
5.3.1 These factors include characteristics of the specimen such as residual stress, concentricity, wall thickness in the case of tubes, deviation from nominal value, previous strain history, and specimen dimension.  
5.3.2 Testing conditions that influence the results include axial position of the specimen, temperature and temperature variations, and maintenance of the apparatus.  
5.3.3 Interpretation of data also influences results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of shear modulus of structural materials. This test method is limited to materials in which, and to stresses at which, creep is negligible compared to the strain produced immediately upon loading. Elastic properties such as shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are not determined routinely and are generally not specified in materials specifications.  
1.2 For materials that follow nonlinear elastic stress-strain behavior, the value of tangent or chord shear modulus is useful for estimating the change in torsional strain to corresponding stress for a specified stress or stress-range, respectively. Such determinations are, however, outside the scope of this standard. (See for example Ref (1).)2  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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