ASTM C97-02(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone
Standard Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in absorption between the various dimension stones. These test methods also provide one element in comparing stones of the same type.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the tests for determining the absorption and bulk specific gravity of all types of dimension stone, except slate.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C 97 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Methods for
Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 97;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope of the quality supplied to the market under the type designation
to be tested. The sample may be selected by the purchaser or
1.1 These test methods cover the tests for determining the
his authorized representative from the quarried stone or taken
absorption and bulk specific gravity of all types of dimension
from the natural ledge and shall be of adequate size to permit
stone, except slate.
the preparation of at least five test specimens. When percep-
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
tible variations occur, the purchaser may select as many
pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
samples as are necessary for determining the range in proper-
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
ties.
therefore each system shall be used independently of the other.
Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
6. Test Specimens
conformance with the standard.
6.1 The specimens may be cubes, prisms, cylinders, or any
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
regular form with least dimension not under 50 mm (2 in.) and
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
greatest dimension not over 75 mm (3 in.) but the ratio of
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
volume to surface area shall not be less than 8 nor greater than
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
12.5 when measuring in millimetres (0.3 and 0.5 when mea-
limitations prior to use.
suring in inches).All surfaces shall be reasonably smooth. Saw
2. Referenced Documents or core drill surfaces are considered satisfactory, but rougher
surfaces shall be finished with No. 80 abrasive. No chisels or
2.1 ASTM Standards:
similar tools shall be used at any stage of preparing the
C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
specimens.
3. Terminology
6.2 Prepare at least five specimens from each sample.
6.3 The same specimens may be used to determine both
3.1 Definitions—All definitions are in accordance with Ter-
water absorption and bulk specific gravity. In this case, follow
minologyC119.
the procedures in 7.1-7.3 and 10.1, and issue a single report
4. Significance and Use
containing all information required in 9 and 13. Alternatively,
separate specimens may be prepared from the same or different
4.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differ-
samples. In this case, follow the applicable procedure for
ences in absorption between the various dimension stones.
separate determination and reporting of water absorption or
These test methods also provide one element in comparing
bulk specific gravity, or both.
stones of the same type.
7. Procedure
5. Sampling
7.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at a
5.1 The sample shall be selected to represent a true average
temperature of 60 6 2°C (140 6 4°F). At the 46th, 47th, and
of the type or grade of stone under consideration and shall be
48th hour, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is the
same. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry the
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 on
specimens until there are three successive hourly readings with
Dimension Stone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test
the same weight.
Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originally 7.2 After drying, cool the specimens in the room for 30 min
approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as C 97 – 02.
and weigh. When the specimens cannot be weighed immedi-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ately after cooling, store them in a desiccator. Determine the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
weights to the nearest 0.01 g (0.0005 oz).
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 97 – 02 (2008)
7.3 Immerse the specimens completely in filtered or dis-
tilled water at 22 6 2°C (72 6 4°F) for 48 h.At the end of this
period remove them from the water bath one at a time, surface
dry with a damp cloth, and weigh to the nearest 0.01 g (0.0005
oz).
8. Calculation and Report
8.1 Calculate the weight percentage absorption (Note 1) for
each specimen as follows:
Absorption, weight % 5 [~B 2 A!/A] 3 100 (1)
where:
A = weight of the dried specimen, and
B = weight of the specimen after immersion.
NOTE 1—If the percentage of absorption by volume is desired it will be
necessary to determine the bulk specific gravity and multiply each value
of percentage absorption by weight by the corresponding bulk specific
gravity value.
8.2 Calculate the mean water absorption of the sample as
the average of the weight percentage absorption for all speci-
mens.
9. Report
9.1 The report shall contain the following information:
9.1.1 Identity of party providing the sample.
9.1.2 Name of stone.
9.1.3 Identity of sample.
9.1.4 Mean water absorption of sample.
9.1.5 Any variations to the procedure, including specimen
A—Specimen. G— Loop for attachm
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:C97–96 Designation: C 97 – 02 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Methods for
Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationC 97;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Two editorial changes were made in 6.1 in July 2000.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the tests for determining the absorption and bulk specific gravity of all types of dimension stone,
except slate.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—All definitions are in accordance with Terminology C 119.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differences in absorption between the various dimension stones. These test
methods also provide one element in comparing stones of the same type.
ABSORPTION
5. Sampling
5.1 The sample shall be selected to represent a true average of the type or grade of stone under consideration and shall be of
the quality supplied to the market under the type designation to be tested. The sample may be selected by the purchaser or his
authorized representative from the quarried stone or taken from the natural ledge and shall be of adequate size to permit the
preparation of at least threefive test specimens. When perceptible variations occur, the purchaser may select as many samples as
are necessary for determining the range in properties.
6. Test Specimens
6.1The specimens may be cubes, prisms, cylinders, or any regular form with least dimension not under 50.8 mm (2 in.) and
greatest dimension not over 76.2 mm (3 in.) but the ratio of volume to surface area shall not be less than 8.5 nor greater than 12.7
when measuring in millimetres (0.3 and 0.5 when measuring in inches).All surfaces shall be reasonably smooth. Saw or core drill
surfaces are considered satisfactory, but rougher surfaces shall be finished with No. 80 abrasive. No chisels or similar tools shall
be used at any stage of preparing the specimens. At least three specimens shall be prepared from each sample.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-18C18 on Dimension Stone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test
Methods.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1996.Oct. 1, 2008. Published April 1996.December 2008. Originally published as C97–30.approved in 1930. Last previous edition
C97–90 (1994).approved in 2002 as C 97 – 02.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.07.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 97 – 02 (2008)
6.1 The specimens may be cubes, prisms, cylinders, or any regular form with least dimension not under 50 mm (2 in.) and
greatest dimension not over 75 mm (3 in.) but the ratio of volume to surface area shall not be less than 8 nor greater than 12.5
when measuring in millimetres (0.3 and 0.5 when measuring in inches).All surfaces shall be reasonably smooth. Saw or core drill
surfaces are considered satisfactory, but rougher surfaces shall be finished with No. 80 abrasive. No chisels or similar tools shall
be used at any stage of preparing the specimens.
6.2 Prepare at least five specimens from each sample.
6.3 The same specimens may be used to determine both water absorption and bulk specific gravity. In this case, follow the
procedures in 7.1-7.3 and 10.1, and issue a single report containing all information required in 9 and 13. Alternatively, separate
specimens may be prepared from the same or different samples. In this case, follow the applicable procedure for separate
determination and reporting of water absorption or bulk specific gravity, or both.
7. Procedure
7.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at a temperature of 60 6 2°C (140 6 4°F).At the 46th, 47th, and 48th hour,
weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is the same. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry the specimens until
there are three successive hourly readings with the same weight.
7.2 After drying, cool the specimens in the room for 30 min and weigh. When the specimens cannot be weighed immediately
after cooling, store them in a desiccator. Determine the weights to the nearest 0.02 g. 0.01 g (0.0005 oz).
7.3 Immerse the specimens completely in filtered or distilled water at 22 6 2°C (72 6 4°F) for 48 h.At the end of this period
remove them from the water bath one at a time, surface dry with a damp cloth, and weigh to the nearest 0.02 g. 0.01 g (0.0005
oz).
8. Calculation and Report
8.1 Calculate the weight percentage absorption (Note 1) for each specimen as follows:
Absorption, weight % 5 [ B 2 A!/A] 3 100 (1)
~
where:
A = weight of the dried specimen, and
B = weight of the specimen after immersion.
NOTE 1—If the percentage of absorption by volume is desired it will be necessary to determine the bulk specific gravity and multiply each value of
percentage absorption by weight by the corresponding bulk specific gravity value.
8.2Report the average of all the specimens from each sample as the absorption of the sample. The report shall state the highest
and lowest values and the average.
8.2 Calculate the mean water absorption of the sample as the average of the weight percentage absorption for all specimens.
9. Report
9.1 The report shall contain the following information:
9.1.1 Identity of party providing the sample.
9.1.2 Name of stone.
9.1.3 Identity of sample.
9.1.4 Mean water absorption of sample.
9.1.5 Any variations to the procedure, including specimen dimensions, given in this standard
9.2 The report shall also contain the
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