ASTM D5389-93(2002)

Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement by Acoustic Velocity Meter Systems

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of flow rate of water in open channels, streams, and closed conduits with a free water surface.
1.2 The test method covers the use of acoustic transmissions to measure the average water velocity along a line between one or more opposing sets of transducers—by the time difference or frequency difference techniques.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Apr-1993
• ICS: 17.120.20 - Flow in open channels
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.07 - Sediments, Geomorphology, and Open-Channel Flow

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5389-93(1997) - Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement by Acoustic Velocity Meter Systems
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-1993
• Replaced By: ASTM D5389-93(2007) - Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement by Acoustic Velocity Meter Systems
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D5674-22 - Standard Guide for Operation of a Gaging Station
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-1993
• Referred By: ASTM C1814/C1814M-20 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Characteristics of Stormwater Filtration Elements
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-1993
• Referred By: ASTM C1745/C1745M-18 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hydraulic Characteristics of Hydrodynamic Stormwater Separators and Underground Settling Devices
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-1993

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 5389 – 93 (Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Open-Channel Flow Measurement by Acoustic Velocity
1
Meter Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5389; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.2 acoustic path length—the face-to-face distance be-
tween transducers on an acoustic path.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of flow rate of
3.2.3 acoustic transducer—a device that is used to generate
water in open channels, streams, and closed conduits with a
acoustic signals when driven by an electric voltage, and
free water surface.
conversely, a device that is used to generate an electric voltage
1.2 Thetestmethodcoverstheuseofacoustictransmissions
when excited by an acoustic signal.
tomeasuretheaveragewatervelocityalongalinebetweenone
3.2.4 acoustic travel time—thetimerequiredforanacoustic
or more opposing sets of transducers—by the time difference
signal to propagate along an acoustic path, either upstream or
or frequency difference techniques.
downstream.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.5 discharge—the rate of flow expressed in units of
standard.
volume of water per unit of time. The discharge includes any
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sediment or other materials that may be dissolved or mixed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
with it.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.6 line velocity—the downstream component of water
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
velocity averaged over an acoustic path.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
3.2.7 measurementplane—theplaneformedbytwoormore
tionary statements are given in Section 6.
parallel acoustic paths of different elevations.
2. Referenced Documents 3.2.8 path velocity—the water velocity averaged over the
acoustic path.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
3.2.9 stage—the height of a water surface above an estab-
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
lished (or arbitrary) datum plane; also gage height.
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
2
3.2.10 velocity sampling—means of obtaining line veloci-
Applicable Methods of Committee D19 on Water
ties in a measurement plane that are suitable for determining
D 3858 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement
2
flow rate by a velocity-area integration.
of Water by Velocity-Area Method
2.2 ISO Standard:
4. Summary of Test Method
ISO 6416 Liquid Flow Measurements in Open Channels—
4.1 Acoustic velocity meter (AVM) systems, also known as
Measurement of Discharge by the Ultrasonic (Acoustic)
3 ultrasonic velocity meter (UVM) systems, operate on the
Method
principle that the point-to-point upstream traveltime of an
3. Terminology acoustic pulse is longer than the downstream traveltime and
that this difference in travel time can be accurately measured
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
by electronic devices.
method, refer to Terminology D 1129.
4.2 Most commercial AVM systems that measure stream-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
flow use the time-of-travel method to determine velocity along
3.2.1 acoustic path—the straight line between the centers of
4
an acoustic path set diagonal to the flow. This test method
two acoustic transducers.
describes the general formula for determining line velocity
defined as (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2):
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
1 1
B
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomor-
t t
F G
V 5 2 (1)
CA AC
L
2 cos u
phology, and Open-Channel Flow.
Current edition approved April 15, 1993. Published June 1993.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3 4
Available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd Street, Laenen, A., and Smith, W., “Acoustic Systems for the Measurement of
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036. Streamflow,” U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2213, 1983.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 5389 – 93 (2002)
FIG. 1 Velocity Component Used in Developing Travel-Time
Equations
FIG. 3 Example of Acoustic Velocity/Flow Measuring System
4.3 The discharge measurement or volume flow rate deter-
mination made with anAVM relies on a calibrated or theoreti-
cal relation between the line velocity as measured by theAVM
and mean velocity in the flow segment being measured.Taking
m
...