ASTM D3835-16
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Properties of Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
Standard Test Method for Determination of Properties of Polymeric Materials by Means of a Capillary Rheometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is sensitive to polymer molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, polymer stability—both thermal and rheological, shear instability, and additives such as plasticizers, lubricants, moisture reinforcements, or inert fillers, or combination thereof.
4.2 The sensitivity of this test method makes the data useful for correlating with processing conditions and aids in predicting necessary changes in processing conditions. Unlike Test Method D1238, which makes a one-point measure at a shear rate typically below processing conditions, this test method determines the shear sensitivity and flow characteristics at processing shear rates, and therefore is used to compare materials of different compositions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the rheological properties of polymeric materials at various temperatures and shear rates common to processing equipment. It covers measurement of melt viscosity, sensitivity, or stability of melt viscosity with respect to temperature and polymer dwell time in the rheometer, die swell ratio (polymer memory), and shear sensitivity when extruding under constant rate or stress. The techniques described permit the characterization of materials that exhibit both stable and unstable melt viscosity properties.
1.2 This test method has been found useful for quality control tests on both reinforced and unreinforced thermoplastics, cure cycles of thermosetting materials, and other polymeric materials having a wide range of melt viscosities.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 1: Although this test method and ISO 11443–1995, “Plastic—Determination of the Fluidity of Plastics Using Capillary and Slit-Die Rheometers” differ in approach or detail, the data obtained using ISO 11443, Method A is technically equivalent to this test method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3835 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Properties of Polymeric Materials by
1
Means of a Capillary Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3835; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1238Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
by Extrusion Plastometer
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the rheological
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
properties of polymeric materials at various temperatures and
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
shear rates common to processing equipment. It covers mea-
surement of melt viscosity, sensitivity, or stability of melt 2.2 ANSI Standard:
3
viscosity with respect to temperature and polymer dwell time B46.1Surface Texture
in the rheometer, die swell ratio (polymer memory), and shear
sensitivity when extruding under constant rate or stress. The
3. Terminology
techniques described permit the characterization of materials
3.1 Fordefinitionsofgeneralterms,seeTerminologyD883.
that exhibit both stable and unstable melt viscosity properties.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 This test method has been found useful for quality
3.2.1 apparent values—viscosity,shearrate,andshearstress
control tests on both reinforced and unreinforced
values calculated assuming Newtonian behavior and that all
thermoplastics, cure cycles of thermosetting materials, and
pressure drops occur within the capillary.
other polymeric materials having a wide range of melt viscosi-
3.2.2 critical shear rate—theshearratecorrespondingtothe
ties.
critical shear stress (1/s).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.2.3 critical shear stress—the value of the shear stress at
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
which there is a discontinuity in the slope of log shear stress
information only.
versus log shear rate plot or periodic roughness of the polymer
NOTE 1—Although this test method and ISO 11443–1995, “Plastic—
strand occurs as it exits the rheometer die (MPa).
Determination of the Fluidity of Plastics Using Capillary and Slit-Die
3.2.4 delay time—the time delay between piston stop and
Rheometers” differ in approach or detail, the data obtained using ISO
11443, Method A is technically equivalent to this test method start when multiple data points are acquired from a single
charge(s).
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.5 melt density—the density of the material in the molten
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
form expressed in g/mL.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.6 melt time—the time interval between the completion
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
of polymer charge and beginning of piston travel(s).
3.2.7 percent extrudate swell—the percentage change in the
2. Referenced Documents
extrudate diameter relative to the die diameter.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.8 shear rate—rate of shear strain or velocity gradient in
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
−1
themelt,usuallyexpressedasreciprocaltimesuchassecond
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
−1
(s ).
3.2.9 shear stress—force per area, usually expressed in
1 pascals (Pa).
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.
3.2.10 swell ratio—the ratio of the diameter of the extruded
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally
strand to the diameter of the capillary (die).
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3835-08. DOI:
10.1520/D3835-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3835 − 16
3.2.11 viscosity—ratioofshearstresstoshearrateatagiven Thusa0.5%errorinpressuremeasurementimpliesanerror
shear rate or shear stress. It is
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3835 − 08 D3835 − 16
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Properties of Polymeric Materials by
1
Means of a Capillary Rheometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3835; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the rheological properties of polymeric materials at various temperatures and shear
rates common to processing equipment. It covers measurement of melt viscosity, sensitivity, or stability of melt viscosity with
respect to temperature and polymer dwell time in the rheometer, die swell ratio (polymer memory), and shear sensitivity when
extruding under constant rate or stress. The techniques described permit the characterization of materials that exhibit both stable
and unstable melt viscosity properties.
1.2 This test method has been found useful for quality control tests on both reinforced and unreinforced thermoplastics, cure
cycles of thermosetting materials, and other polymeric materials having a wide range of melt viscosities.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information
only.
NOTE 1—Although this test method and ISO 11443–1995, “Plastic—Determination of the Fluidity of Plastics Using Capillary and Slit-Die
Rheometers” differ in approach or detail, the data obtained using ISO 11443, Method A is technically equivalent to this test method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion Plastometer
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2.2 ANSI Standard:
3
B46.1 Surface Texture
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of general terms, see Terminology D883.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 apparent values—viscosity, shear rate, and shear stress values calculated assuming Newtonian behavior and that all
pressure drops occur within the capillary.
3.2.2 critical shear rate—the shear rate corresponding to the critical shear stress (1/s).
3.2.3 critical shear stress—the value of the shear stress at which there is a discontinuity in the slope of log shear stress versus
log shear rate plot or periodic roughness of the polymer strand occurs as it exits the rheometer die (MPa).
3.2.4 delay time—the time delay between piston stop and start when multiple data points are acquired from a single charge(s).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008May 1, 2016. Published December 2008May 2016. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20022008 as
D3835 – 02.D3835 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/D3835-08.10.1520/D3835-16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D3835 − 16
3.2.5 melt density—the density of the material in the molten form expressed in g/mL.
3.2.6 melt time—the time interval between the completion of polymer charge and beginning of piston travel(s).
3.2.7 percent extrudate swell—the percentage change in the extrudate diameter relative to the die diameter.
−1 −1
3.2.8 shear rate—rate of shear strain or velocity gradient in the melt, usually expressed as reciprocal time such as second (s ).
3.2.9 shear str
...
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