ASTM D4002-81(2008)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish
Standard Practice for Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to define the properties to be tested, the apparatus to use, and the comparisons of product performance. It is recognized that considerable discretion exists among formulators and marketers of shoe polish on what properties or performance characteristics are best for their products. This practice will be flexible to honor this fact within the confines of the shoe polish definition in 2.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the definition of properties to test and the apparatus to use, in evaluating the performance of buffable shoe polishes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4002 − 81 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Practice for
Evaluation of Buffable Shoe Polish
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4002; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.3 Test Substrates—The test substrate should be one for
which the test polish is intended. Separate tests should be
1.1 This practice covers the definition of properties to test
conducted for smooth-grained leather substrates to which the
and the apparatus to use, in evaluating the performance of
most current leather finishes have been applied at a tannery.
buffable shoe polishes.
The finished leather should be the exact type normally used by
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the shoe manufacturer to fabricate everyday dress shoes. Test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
substrates of man-made materials should be obtained in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
same manner. The test surface should be in good physical
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
condition, not badly cracked, scratched, or otherwise damaged
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
so as to interfere with evaluation of polish properties. Various
colors are required, see Section 9.
2. Terminology
4.4 Applicators—Several methods of shoe polish applica-
2.1 shoe polish—aids in cleaning, improving the
tion to substrates should be tested. Various types of applicators
appearance, and protecting leather or other shoe materials from
include brush, cloth, and foam. The same type of applicator
such common damaging effects as scuffs, water, salt water, and
should be used to apply the polish for both the control and test
other surface deposits, commonly encountered with the use of
polish.
shoes outdoors or indoors. A buffable shoe polish requires
buffing to obtain appearance improvements.
4.5 Polishing Cloth—The same type of polishing cloth
should be used for each sample. Materials such as washed
3. Significance and Use
cheese cloth, rumple cloth, flannel, cotton diaper cloth, and
3.1 This practice is intended to define the properties to be
nonwoven fabrics are suitable for this purpose. Felt or paper
tested, the apparatus to use, and the comparisons of product
should not be used.
performance. It is recognized that considerable discretion
4.6 Polishing Brush—A separate horsehair brush or horse-
exists among formulators and marketers of shoe polish on what
hair composition shoe brush should be used with each sample.
properties or performance characteristics are best for their
products.This practice will be flexible to honor this fact within
4.7 Cleaning Solvent—Aliphatic solvents with kauri-
the confines of the shoe polish definition in 2.1.
butanol values less than 38.
4. Apparatus and Materials
4.8 Eye Droppers and Tap Water.
4.1 Test Polish.
4.9 Sharp Metal Knife.
4.2 Control Polish—The control polish is selected subjec-
4.10 Light-Colored Wool, Polyester/Cotton Pieces, of trou-
tively for comparison to the test polish. It may be a competitive
ser or dress clothing.
product, a modified formulation of the test polish, etc. The one
4.11 Thermometer.
stipulation is that, the control polish be of the same or similar
type as the test polish. For example, if the test polish is an
4.12 Humidity Gage.
aerosol-emulsion polish, the control should be an aerosol-
emulsion polish. It would not be meaningful to select a paste or
5. Precautions
liquid product as a control for comparison to an aerosol-
5.1 The temperature and relative humidity of the test runs
emulsion test polish.
should be measured and recorded. The temperature should be
within 13 to 29°C (55 to 85°F) with a relative humidity of 20
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D21 on Polishes
to 80 %.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D21.04 on Performance Tests.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published April 2008. Originally
5.2 The substrate should have the same temperature as the
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4002 - 81(2002).
DOI: 10.1520/D4002-81R08. surrounding area.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4002 − 81 (2008)
5.3 Comparisons should not be made between two separate 8.2.1 These four positionings should be written on tags and
swatches (or leather objects) since leather substrates may vary drawn randomly by each of the four who apply the polishes.
widely.
9. Evaluation
5.4 Leather substrates are normally used only one time.
9.1 Compare the test polish and the control as follows:
6. Personnel and Instructions
9.1.1 Application and Buffıng Properties (ease of rub-up to
6.1 The application and evaluation of the test and control
maximum gloss)—During application and buffing of the
polishes require four individuals. They should be capable of
polishes, note the time and ease with which each product
making discriminating judgments of subjective physical and
develops maximum gloss.
aesthetic properties. Training and orientation to specific prod-
9.1.2 Final Properties—Evaluate any or all of the following
uct performance characteristics may be required.
properties no sooner than 5 min following application:
6.1.1 The four persons should apply the polishes to one of
9.1.2.1 Gloss—Evaluate as depth of gloss and buffing.
each of the four test substrates. All persons then rate all
9.1.2.2 Uniformity—Observe the surface for streaks, unpol-
properties, except application properties, on the remaining
ished dry spots, and general uniformity.
three panels that they did not apply polish to. The persons
9.1.2.3 Film Clarity—Observe the clearness or sharpness of
applying the polishes should rate ease of use and other
an object’s image in the surface of the polish. Overhead lights,
application properties. This means there will be only four
face,hand,orotherobjectsmaybeusedforreflection.Thistest
readings on application properties. The three rating the other
may be eliminated for low-lustre surfaces that do not possess
properties, do not observe the application because they rate
mirror-like finishes.
properties of each polish “blind.”
9.1.2.4 Smear and Scuff Resistance—Smear is the degree of
7. Procedure
oiliness or greasiness after the polish is rubbed-up to the
7.1 Cleaning of Test Substrates—An aliphatic solvent hav-
desired polish appearance. Scuff is the degree of film damage
ing a kauri-butanol value less than 38 should be used to lightly resulting from a glancing blow to the polish substrate. Check
wipe the test substrate. Soft cotton towels may be used to apply
smear by making a design such as an “S” with one’s finger. A
the solvent to the surface and to wipe it clean. New or glancing blow with one’s knuckles or soft object such as a
adequately laundered towels should be used each time.
book or magazine may be used for determining the degree of
scuff.
7.2 Surface Subdivision—The precleaned surface of each
9.1.2.5 Film Healing—Observe the length of time required
test substrate should be divided and outlined by tape with
for the smear or scuff in 9.1.2.4 to disappear from the polish
uniform squares.
film, should it occur.
7.3 Application of polish or wax—Assuming the control
9.1.2.6 Rebuffability—Observe the ease of completeness or
polish or the test polish is a commercially available product,
repairability when the smears and scuffs are buffed with a
follow the directions on the container as far as possible. When
polishing cloth. The amount of physical effort and length of
in doubt on the method of use, the directions for similar
time required is noted.
products may be used. Equal volumes of control and test polish
9.1.2.7 Cleaning—Observe the ease of removal of old
or wax should be used to avoid excessively thin or heavy coats.
polish films, as well as common soiling materials such as dust,
One or two applications may be used depending on the
grease, oils, finger marks, beverage stains, etc. This may be
substrate and the discretion of the tester. The same number of
done either in the laboratory or observe
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