ASTM E23-18

Standard Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods of impact testing relate specifically to the behavior of metal when subjected to a single application of a force resulting in multi-axial stresses associated with a notch, coupled with high rates of loading and in some cases with high or low temperatures. For some materials and temperatures the results of impact tests on notched specimens, when correlated with service experience, have been found to predict the likelihood of brittle fracture accurately. Further information on significance appears in Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for: test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see Annex A1) verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2), optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), designation of test specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823), and determining the shear fracture appearance (see Annex A4). In addition, information is provided on the significance of notched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1), and methods of measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2).  
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (77 K).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—Section 9 and Annex A4 provide inch-pound units for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2018
• ICS: 77.040.10 - Mechanical testing of metals
• Technical Committee: E28 - Mechanical Testing
• Drafting Committee: E28.07 - Impact Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E23 − 18 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E23; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder
of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the
Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
Izod (cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for:
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see
ASTM Test Methods
Annex A1) verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2),
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), desig-
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
nation of test specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823),
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
and determining the shear fracture appearance (see Annex A4).
E2298 Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of
In addition, information is provided on the significance of
Metallic Materials
notched-bar impact testing (see Appendix X1), and methods of
3. Terminology
measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2).
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associ-
3.1.1 absorbed energy, [FL], n—work spent to fracture a
ated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (77 K).
specimen in a single pendulum swing, as measured by a
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
compenstated indicating device.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1.2 direct verification, n—process that ensures all parts
standard.
that may affect measured absorbed energy are within specified
1.3.1 Exception—Section 9 and Annex A4 provide inch-
dimensional tolerances.
pound units for information only.
3.1.3 indirect verification, n—process that ensures the aver-
age absorbed energy from testing a set of verification speci-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mens corresponds to the certified absorbed energy within a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
specified tolerance (see A2.4.1).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 lateral expansion [L], n—the maximum increase in
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the thickness of the specimen as a result of the impact test,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
expressed in mm.
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Lateral expansion is used as a measure
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
of ductility.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.5 range capacity, n—maximum available energy for a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
specific pendulum setting.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3.1.5.1 Discussion—On single range machines this corre-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
sponds to the machine capacity.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.6 shear fracture appearance, SFA, n—the amount of
fracture surface in the specimen that failed in a shear (stable)
mode, expressed in percent.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on
2
Impact Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved 2016 as E23 – 16b. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0023-18. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E23 − 18
NOTE 1—Keyhole notch specimen is similar to U-notch, except the
4. Summary of Test Method
notch width is 1.6 mm or less.
4.1 The essential features of an impact test are: a suitable
8.1.4 The spec
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E23 − 16b E23 − 18 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
1
Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E23; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods describe notched-bar impact testing of metallic materials by the Charpy (simple-beam) test and the Izod
(cantilever-beam) test. They give the requirements for: test specimens, test procedures, test reports, test machines (see Annex A1)
verifying Charpy impact machines (see Annex A2), optional test specimen configurations (see Annex A3), designation of test
specimen orientation (see Terminology E1823), and determining the percent of shear fracture on the surface of broken impact
specimens shear fracture appearance (see Annex A4). In addition, information is provided on the significance of notched-bar
impact testing (see Appendix X1), and methods of measuring the center of strike (see Appendix X2).
1.2 These test methods do not address the problems associated with impact testing at temperatures below –196 °C (77 K).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Section 89 and Annex A4 provide inch-pound units for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 56.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B925 Practices for Production and Preparation of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Test Specimens
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
E2298 Test Method for Instrumented Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 absorbed energy, [FL], n—work spent to fracture a specimen in a single pendulum swing, as measured by a compenstated
indicating device.
3.1.2 direct verification, n—process that ensures all parts that may affect measured absorbed energy are within specified
dimensional tolerances.
3.1.3 indirect verification, n—process that ensures the average absorbed energy from testing a set of verification specimens
corresponds to the certified absorbed energy within a specified tolerance (see A2.4.1).
3.1.4 lateral expansion [L], n—the maximum increase in the thickness of the specimen as a result of the impact test, expressed
in mm.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.07 on Impact
Testing.
Current edition approved June 1, 2016June 1, 2018. Published June 2016November 2018. Originally approved in 1933. Last previous edition approved 2016 as
E23 – 16a.E23 – 16b. DOI: 10.1520/E0023-16B.10.1520/E0023-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E23 − 18
3.1.4.1 Discussion—
Lateral expansion is used as a measure of ductility.
3.1.5 range capacity, n—maximum available energy for a specific pendulum setting.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
On single range machi
...