ASTM F1306-90(2002)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Slow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Films and Laminates
Standard Test Method for Slow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Films and Laminates
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Penetration resistance is an important end-use performance of thin flexible materials where a sharp-edged product can destroy the integrity of a barrier wrap. This will permit package entry/exit of gases, odors, and unwanted contaminates, causing potential harm to the product and reducing shelf-life. Material response to penetration will vary with numerous factors, such as film thickness, elastic modulus, rate of penetration, temperature, shape and type of probe. Consequently, material responses from puncture to stretch may be observed and quantified using this method. Although numerous combinations of experimental factors can be devised and used to simulate specific end-use applications, the recommended conditions in this method should be followed for standard comparisons of materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method permits flexible barrier films and laminates to be characterized for slow rate penetration resistance to a driven probe. The test is performed at room temperature, by applying a biaxial stress at a single test velocity on the material until perforation occurs. The force, energy, and elongation to perforation are determined.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:F1306–90(Reapproved 2002)
Standard Test Method for
Slow Rate Penetration Resistance of Flexible Barrier Films
and Laminates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.5 puncture—thebrittleelasticfractureofaflexiblesheet
material under penetration by a driven probe.
1.1 This test method permits flexible barrier films and
laminates to be characterized for slow rate penetration resis-
4. Significance and Use
tance to a driven probe. The test is performed at room
4.1 Penetration resistance is an important end-use perfor-
temperature, by applying a biaxial stress at a single test
mance of thin flexible materials where a sharp-edged product
velocity on the material until perforation occurs. The force,
can destroy the integrity of a barrier wrap. This will permit
energy, and elongation to perforation are determined.
package entry/exit of gases, odors, and unwanted contami-
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nates, causing potential harm to the product and reducing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
shelf-life. Material response to penetration will vary with
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
numerous factors, such as film thickness, elastic modulus, rate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of penetration, temperature, shape and type of probe. Conse-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
quently, material responses from puncture to stretch may be
2. Referenced Documents observedandquantifiedusingthismethod.Althoughnumerous
combinations of experimental factors can be devised and used
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to simulate specific end-use applications, the recommended
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
conditions in this method should be followed for standard
lation
comparisons of materials.
D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
5. Apparatus
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
5.1 Universal Testing Apparatus, with a recording device.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.2 Compression Load Cell(s).
3. Terminology 5.3 Penetration Probe as per Fig. 1.
5.3.1 A 3.2 mm (0.125 in.) diameter hemispherical (biaxial
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
stress) probe is recommended for general application and
3.1.1 elongation (stretch)—the elastic/plastic deformation
standard comparison of materials and interlaboratory results.
of flexible sheet material under penetration by a driven probe.
5.4 Specimen Clamping Fixture as per Fig. 2 or equivalent.
3.1.2 penetration resistance—the ability of a flexible sheet
5.4.1 A sample test diameter of 34.9 mm (1.375 in.) is
material to withstand elongation and/or puncture by a driven
required for interlaboratory comparison of results. (If other
probe.
probes are used, a minimum clamp to probe diameter ratio of
3.1.3 perforation—the development of a measurable flaw
10 to 1 is required.)
through a barrier film undergoing penetration.
5.5 Specimen Cutter.
3.1.4 probe penetration to failure—distance probe travels
from film contact to an instantaneous drop in load as observed
6. Test Specimen
on Universal Testing Equipment recorder.
6.1 The test specimen shall be of uniform thickness (62%
or 0.0025 mm (0.0001 in.), whichever is larger).
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F02 on Flexible
6.2 The dimensions of the test specimen shall be 76 mm by
Barrier Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F02.20 on
76 mm (3 in. by 3 in.).
Physical Properties.
Current edition approved July 27, 1990. Published September 1990.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
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F1306–90 (2002)
10. Procedure
10.1 Following the instrument manufacturer’s instructions,
calibrate the test equipment.
10.2 Select an equipment load range so that specimen
puncture occurs within 20 to 80 % of the same.
10.3 Using the specimen cutter, cut each sample material
into a minimum of five 3 in. by 3 in. pieces.
10.4 Measure the caliper (average of 3 readings) in the
center of a film specimen.
10.5 Adjust the universal tester cross head speed to 25
mm/min (1.0 in./min). (Set chart speed recorder to 500
mm/min (20 in./min), if applicable.) Select a data acquisition
rate to give a minimum resolution of 0.1 mm/point of penetra-
tion.
10.6 Clamp the film specimen in the holder, place sample
holder directly under crosshead probe, center and lower it as
close as possible to the film specimen without making contact.
FIG. 1 Penetration Probe 10.7 Set the appropriate stops and returns on the tester.
Reset data collection devices to zero, if applicable.
10.8 Activate universal tester. At the first sign of a perfora-
tion through the film, return the crosshead to origination point.
(A perforation is any size hole in the film specimen visible to
the naked eye, or a point where an instantaneous drop in load
to near zero occurs.) See Fig. 3.
NOTE 1—In case of laminate materials, multiple drops in load may be
observed as discrete layers fail. Under this condition the last instantaneous
drop to near zero would be considered a failure.
10.9 Record specimen identification, force (peak) to break,
energy (work) to break, and probe penetration (at first break)
from mechanical testing software output (Fig. 3). (If using
chart recording instruments, record specimen identification on
chart and integrator reading if used.)
10.10 Repeat test sequence (10.1 to 10.9) for the remaining
samples.
11. Calculation
11.1 Compute the values of peak force, probe penetration to
break, and energy to break.
FIG. 2 Specimen Clamping Fixture
11.1.1 Software computed values are acceptable.
11.2 Use the following formulas for calculating the required
values for data acquisition with a time based chart recorder.
7. Preparation of Apparatus
11.2.1 Force to Break—Peak force to achieve break (New-
7.1 Consult the equipment operations manual for instruc-
tons):
tions to set up and operate the equipment.
7.2 Install probe apparatus.
7.3 Center probe over the fixture.
8. Number of Test Specimens
8.1 Test at least five specimens for each sample.
9. Conditioning
9.1 Condition the test specimens at 23 6 2°C (73.4 6
3.6°F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40 h
prior to test in accordance with ProcedureAof Practice D 618
for those tests where conditioning is required.
9.2 Conduct tests in the standard laboratory atmosphere of
23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) and 50 % 6 5 % relative humidity
unless otherwise specified in this test method. FIG. 3 Graphical Output of Slow Rate Penetration Test
F1306–90 (2002)
TABLE 1 Puncture Force (6 Laboratories)
Values expressed in units of Newtons
Material
Material
Orientation
Average S S rR
r R
BW 010 Insid
...
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