ASTM D1282-05(2009)

Standard Test Method for Resistance to Airflow as an Indication of Average Fiber Diameter of Wool Top, Card Sliver, and Scoured Wool (Withdrawn 2018)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is not recommended for the acceptance testing of commercial shipments of wool top, card sliver, or scoured wool since the referee method, Test Method D 2130, is recommended for that purpose. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful for fast quality control checks.
.If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
The specific area of the wool fibers is measured by the resistance in air flow. The resistance to air flow has been related to average fiber diameter measured by the microprojection method. The instruments have been calibrated to read average diameter in micrometres. Although the reading is affected by the average fiber diameter distribution of the specimen, the results secured by the instruments give no indication of this distribution. However, in converting the micrometres reading to millitex units (Annex A1), low, medium, and high standard deviations were used in the calculations to arrive at the range of millitex units which accordingly reflect the distribution of fiber diameters.
  1) Balance Adjustment Knob 8) Porosity Calibration Control 2) Balance Pan 9) Compression Lever 3) Air Reservoir10) Calibrator Plug Plun...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the average fiber diameter of wool fibers by use of the Port-Ar and the WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter instrument, which operate on the air-flow principle. Other air-flow instruments have not been tested with this method. The method is directly applicable to non-medullated, carded wool and wool top.
1.2 This test method is applicable to grease wool and scoured wool after the samples of such materials have been prepared as directed in Test Method D 2130.
Note 1—The use of the Micronaire instrument for measuring the fineness of cotton fibers is covered in Test Method D 1448.
The assignment of grade for wool and mohair is covered in Specifications D 3991 and D 3992.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the estimation of the average fiber diameter of wool fibers by use of the Port-Ar and the WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter instrument, which operate on the air-flow principle.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in January 2018 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2009
• Withdrawal Date: 18-Jan-2018
• ICS: 59.060.10 - Natural fibres
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.13 - Wool and Felt

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1282-05 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Airflow as an Indication of Average Fiber Diameter of Wool Top, Card Sliver, and Scoured Wool
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM D1282-18 - Standard Test Method for Resistance to Airflow as an Indication of Average Fiber Diameter of Wool Top, Card Sliver, and Scoured Wool
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Referred By: ASTM D1577-07(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4845-10(2018) - Standard Terminology Relating to Wool
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1282 −05 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Airflow as an Indication of Average Fiber
Diameter of Wool Top, Card Sliver, and Scoured Wool
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Top and Assignment of Grade
D4845Terminology Relating to Wool
1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the average
2.2 Other Standard:
fiber diameter of wool fibers by use of the Port-Ar and the
IWTO-6-92(E)Method ofTest for the Determination ofThe
WIRAFiber Fineness Meter instrument, which operate on the
Mean Diameter of Wool Fibers in Combed Sliver Using
air-flow principle. Other air-flow instruments have not been
the Air-Flow Apparatus
tested with this method. The method is directly applicable to
IWTO-28-82(E)Determination By The Airflow Method of
non-medullated, carded wool and wool top.
the Mean Fibre Diameter of Core Samples of Raw Wool
1.2 This test method is applicable to grease wool and
scoured wool after the samples of such materials have been
3. Terminology
prepared as directed in Test Method D2130.
3.1 For all terminology related to wool and wool felt, refer
NOTE 1—The use of the Micronaire instrument for measuring the
to Terminology D4845.
fineness of cotton fibers is covered in Test Method D1448.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
The assignment of grade for wool and mohair is covered in Specifica-
sliver, specific area, top, and wool.
tions D3991 and D3992.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nology D123.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The resistance to air flow of predetermined mass of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
wool compressed to a fixed volume is measured. The instru-
2. Referenced Documents
ments approved for use have been calibrated to read average
diameterinmicrometres.Specimensofwooltopareratedwith
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a Wool Top Scale and specimens of carded, scoured wool and
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
scoured ⁄2-in. (13.0-mm) cores are rated with a Scoured Wool
D1060PracticeforCoreSamplingofRawWoolinPackages
Scale. If instruments are properly calibrated, results are inter-
for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber
changeable.
Present
D1448Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fi-
5. Significance and Use
bers
D2130TestMethodforDiameterofWoolandOtherAnimal 5.1 Thistestmethodisnotrecommendedfortheacceptance
testing of commercial shipments of wool top, card sliver, or
Fibers by Microprojection
D3991Specifications for Fineness of Wool or Mohair and scoured wool since the referee method,Test Method D2130,is
recommended for that purpose. Although this test method is
Assignment of Grade
D3992Specifications for Fineness of Wool Top or Mohair not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful for fast
quality control checks.
5.1.1 .If there are differences of practical significance be-
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1282–05. DOI:
10.1520/D1282-05R09.
tance.As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1282−05 (2009)
1) Balance Adjustment Knob 8) Porosity Calibration Control
2) Balance Pan 9) Compression Lever
3) Air Reservoir 10) Calibrator Plug Plunger
4) Meter Zero Adjustment Screw 11) Porosity Calibrator Plug
5) Porosity Test Chamber Lid 12) Calibration Weight
6) Differential Pressure Gage 13) Weighing Balance Mechanism
7) Porosity Zero Control 14) Atomizer Bulb
FIG. 1 Port-Ar Apparatus
to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories
involved should be compared using a statistical test for
unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The specific area of the wool fibers is measured by the
resistanceinairflow.Theresistancetoairflowhasbeenrelated
to average fiber diameter measured by the microprojection
method. The instruments have been calibrated to read average
diameter in micrometres. Although the reading is affected by
the average fiber diameter distribution of the specimen, the
results secured by the instruments give no indication of this
distribution. However, in converting the micrometres reading
to millitex units (AnnexA1), low, medium, and high standard
deviations were used in the calculations to arrive at the range
of millitex units which accordingly reflect the distribution of
fiber diameters.
1) Metal specimen container 6) Gage tube
2) Packing rod 7) Millimetre scale
6. Apparatus, Materials, and Reagent
3) Plunger 8) Vacuum supply
6.1 Port-Ar , described in this method and shown in Fig. 1.
4) Retaining collar 9) Upper gage tube mark
5) Control knob 10) Lower gage tube mark
FIG. 2 WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter
The Port-Ar instrument, trademark for a product manufactured by Zellweger
Uster, 456 Troy Circle, P.O. Box 51720, Knoxville, TN 37950, has been found
satisfactory for this purpose.
D1282−05 (2009)
6.2 WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter , described in this method 9.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for ac-
and shown in Fig. 2. ceptance testing, take the number of subsamples from each
6.2.1 Scale graduated in millimetres. package in the lot sample as directed in an applicable material
6.2.2 Calibrationchartconvertingfloatheightinmillimetres specificationorotheragreementbetweenthepurchaserandthe
to diameter in micrometres. supplier, such as an agreement to use Practice D1060 if baled
6.2.3 Air pump capable of furnishing a constant vacuum of or bagged wool is to be tested.
609.6 mm (24 in.) of mercury.
9.3 Test Specimens:
6.2.4 Tables of correction values to correct observed results
9.3.1 Port-Ar Procedure—Take one specimen per labora-
in micrometres to deviations from standard conditions, 20°C
tory sampling unit.
(68°F) and 65% relative humidity, as shown in Annex A2.
9.3.2 Wira Procedure—Take one specimen per laboratory
6.3 Trichloroethane or equivalent solvent. sampling unit.
6.4 Working Reference Samples, three, prepared by each
10. Specimen Preparation
laboratory for use in checking the instruments. One working
10.1 Prepare test specimens of wool top, card sliver,
referencesampleshouldbeselectedfromeachofthefollowing
scoured, or grease wool as directed in Test Method D2130.
ranges of grade: (1) up to and including 48’s, (2) 50’s to 60’s
inclusive, and (3) 62’s or finer. These samples of uniform
10.2 Ifnomechanicalcardisavailable,taketwosubsamples
fineness with a low standard deviation, as explained inAppen-
of scoured wool, each weighing approximately 4g more than
dix A1.1, must be thoroughly tested both by the air-flow
the mass of wool required for measurement in the air-flow
instrument being used and by the microprojection method. instrument being used; hand card these subsamples at least 30
strokes each and prepare a test specimen from each of them.
6.5 StandardReferenceSamples —Threesamplesareavail-
able with the following average fiber diameters: 20.7 µm, 27.3 10.3 Rinsealltestspecimensintherecommendedsolventto
µm and 37.4 µm.
reduce the extractable matter to less than 1% of the specimen
mass. Condition the test specimens as prescribed in 11.1 or
7. Hazards
11.2.Fromtheconditionedtestspecimen,weightheamountof
wool required for measurement in the air-flow instrument
7.1 Refer to the manufacturer’s material safety data sheet
being used.
for information on handling, use, storage, and disposal of
10.3.1 Port-Ar—Place approximately 12.5g of the condi-
trichloroethane or equivalent solvent.
tioned wool specimen in the balance basket. One pump of the
7.2 Use trichloroethane or equivalent solvent in well-
atomizerbulbwillindicatewhetherthespecimenistoolightor
ventilated hood due to the associated health hazards.
too heavy: If the meter reads above the red triangle, the
specimen is too heavy; if below, the specimen is too light.
8. Calibration of Apparatus
Adjust the specimen to 12.5g by adding or removing small
8.1 Calibrate the instrument on arrival in accordance with
amountsofwool.Themeterindicatesthemassofthespecimen
instructions in Annex A2.
to within6 0.5% if the pointer is on scale, so the mass needs
to be adjusted only until the pointer reads within the red
8.2 Recalibrate the instrument each day. Verify calibration
triangle.
after each 4h of use or whenever an operational problem is
noted.
NOTE 3—The accuracy of the balance should be thoroughly checked
before and while using the Port-Ar. The specimen may be weighed on a
9. Sampling separate balance.
10.3.2 WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter—Weigh a 2.500 6
9.1 Lot Sample—For acceptance testing, take at random the
0.005 g test specimen. Remove pieces of vegetable matter and
number of shipping containers directed in an applicable mate-
other impurities before weighing.
rialspecificationorotheragreementbetweenthepurchaserand
the supplier, such as an agreement to use Practice D1060.
11. Conditioning
Considershippingcontainerstobetheprimarysamplingunits.
11.1 For tests made on the Port-Ar as directed in 11.2,
NOTE 2—A realistic specification or other agreement between the
reasonable results may be obtained even if the standard
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
atmosphere for testing is not available since the instrument
between shipping containers, between laboratory samples within a ship-
pingcontainer,andbetweenspecimenswithinalaboratorysamplesoasto
uses low-pressure ambient air. Keep the instrument in a
provide a sampling plan which at the specified level of the property of
draft-free room, away from radiators, sunlight, and other
interest has a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable
elements which disturb temperature or air. Allow the instru-
quality level, and limiting quality level.
ment and the well-opened wool to be tested to remain in the
same atmospheric conditions for approximately 4h before the
specimens are tested.
The WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter, trademark for a product manufactured by
Reynolds and Branson Ltd., for Thorn Bendix Ltd., Beech Ave., New Barford,
11.2 For tests made on the WIRA Fiber Fineness meter as
Nottingham NG7 7JJ England.This instrument is available from Lawson-Hemphill
directed in 12.2, bring the test specimen to moisture equilib-
Sales, Inc., P.O. Drawer 6388, Spartanburg, SC 29304.
riumwiththestandardatmosphere.A4hconditioningperiodis
May be obtained from Agricultural Marketing Service, Livestock and Seed
Division, 711 “O” Street, Greeley, CO 80631. usually sufficient.
D1282−05 (2009)
TABLE 1 Components Of Variance As Standard Deviations, µm
Single-Operator Within-Laboratory Between-Laboratory
Names Of The Properties
Component Component Component
Fiber diameter,
Port-Ar procedure
Single-material comparisons 0.21 0.20 0.72
Multi-material comparisons 0.00 0.20 0.74
Fiber diameter,
WIRA procedure
Single-material comparisons 0.23 0.11 0.37
Multi-material comparisons 0.13 0.11 0.38
A
TABLE 2 Critical Differences, µm, For The Conditions Noted
Number Of
Single-Operator Within-Labora- Between-Labora-
Names Of The Properties Observations In
Precision tory Precision tory Precision
Each Average
Fiber diameter,
Port-Ar procedure
Single-material comparisons 1 0.57 0.79 2.14
2 0.41 0.68 2.10
4 0.29 0.61 2.08
8 0.20 0.58 2.07
Multi-material comparisons 1 0.57 0.79 2.20
2 0.41 0.68 2.17
4 0.29 0.61 2.15
8 0.20 0.58 2.14
Fiber diameter,
WIRA procedure
Single-material comparisons 1 0.64 0.71 1.25
2 0.46 0.55 1.16
4 0.32 0.44 1.11
8 0.23 0.38 1.09
Multi-material comparisons 1 0.73 0.79 1.32
2 0.57 0.65 1.24
4 0.48 0.56 1.20
8 0.42 0.52 1.18
A
The critical differences were calculated using t = 1.96, which is based on infinite degrees of freedom.
12. Procedure with the short end of the rod provided. It is important to use
this rod and nothing else for packing since it prevents tight
12.1 Procedure with the Port-Ar:
packingofthefibers.Thenpushinthemetalplunger(avoiding
12.1.1 WoolTop,CardSliver,ScouredWool,GreaseWool—
trapping any fibers) until it rests on the lip of the container and
Usingtheweighedtestspecimen,(see10.3.1)placeoneendof
screw down the retaining collar to the furthest extent, mean-
the sliver in the chamber and tamp in the remainder. Do not
whileholdingtheplateattachedtothemetalplungertoprevent
fold the wool top before placing in the chamber. When all of
it rotating.
the specimen has been forced into the chamber, close the
12.2.2 With the control knob in the OFF position switch on
compression chamber lid, 5, in place. Pull forward on the
compression lever, 9, until it locks in place.Apply air pressure the pump then turn the knob slowly until the liquid level in the
either by the atomizer bulb or by the electric pump to fill the gage tube falls to the lower mark reading at eye level.
pressure tank (Note 3). Read the diameter in micrometres on
12.2.3 Reading at eye level across the top of the spinner
the scale as the piston settles. Record the reading and remove
record the scale reading to the nearest millimetre.
thespecimen,carefullyreopenitbyhandtoeliminatecompact
12.2.4 Take out the specimen, reverse its direction, repack
areas, replace the specimen in the chamber and make a second
in the container using the
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1282–96 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: D 1282 – 05 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Airflow as an Indication of Average Fiber
Diameter of Wool Top, Card Sliver, and Scoured Wool
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 ThistestmethodcoverstheestimationoftheaveragefiberdiameterofwoolfibersbyuseofthePort-ArandtheWIRAFiber
Fineness Meter instrument, which operate on the air-flow principle. Other air-flow instruments have not been tested with this
method. The method is directly applicable to non-medullated, carded wool and wool top.
1.2 This test method is applicable to grease wool and scoured wool after the samples of such materials have been prepared as
directed in Test Method D2130.
NOTE 1—The use of the Micronaire instrument for measuring the fineness of cotton fibers is covered in Test Method D1448.
The assignment of grade for wool and mohair is covered in Specifications D3991 and D3992 and D3992.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1060 Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Packages for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber Present
D1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fibers
D2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other Animal Fibers by Microprojection
D3991 Specifications for Fineness of Wool or Mohair and Assignment of Grade
D3992 Specification for Fineness of Wool Top or Mohair Top and Assignment of Grade Specifications for Fineness of Wool
Top or Mohair Top and Assignment of Grade
D4845 Terminology Relating to Wool
2.2 Other Standard:
IWTO-6-92(E) Method of Test for the Determination of The Mean Diameter of Wool Fibers in Combed Sliver Using the
Air-Flow Apparatus
IWTO-28-82(E) Determination By The Airflow Method of the Mean Fibre Diameter of Core Samples of Raw Wool
3. Terminology
3.1Definitions:
3.1.1sliver, n—acontinuousstrandoflooselyassembledfibersthatisapproximatelyuniformincross-sectionalareaandwithout
twist.
3.1.2specific area, n— of wool, the ratio of the fiber surface to fiber volume.
3.1.3top, n—in wool, a continuous untwisted strand of wool fibers from which the shorter fibers or noils have been removed by
combing.
3.1.4wool, n—the fibrous covering of the sheep, ovis species.
3.1.5For definition of other textile terms used in the method, refer to Terminology D123
3.1 For all terminology related to wool and wool felt, refer to Terminology D4845.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: sliver, specific area, top, and wool.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool Felt .
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D1282–96.on Wool and Felt.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1282–05.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1282 – 05 (2009)
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The resistance to air flow of predetermined mass of wool compressed to a fixed volume is measured. The instruments
approved for use have been calibrated to read average diameter in micrometres. Specimens of wool top are rated with aWoolTop
Scale and specimens of carded, scoured wool and scoured ⁄2-in. (13.0-mm) cores are rated with a Scoured Wool Scale. If
instruments are properly calibrated, results are interchangeable.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Thistestmethodisnotrecommendedfortheacceptancetestingofcommercialshipmentsofwooltop,cardsliver,orscoured
wool since the referee method, Test Method D2130, is recommended for that purpose. Although this test method is not
recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful for fast quality control checks.
5.1.1In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of
commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two
parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the
typeinquestion.Thetestspecimensshouldthenberandomlyassignedinequalnumberstoeachlaboratoryfortesting.Theaverage
results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level
chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser
and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in view of the known bias.
5.1.1 .If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative
test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a
minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material
as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory.
The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level
chosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifbiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthatmaterial
must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The specific area of the wool fibers is measured by the resistance in air flow. The resistance to air flow has been related to
average fiber diameter measured by the microprojection method. The instruments have been calibrated to read average diameter
1) Balance Adjustment Knob 8) Porosity Calibration Control
2) Balance Pan 9) Compression Lever
3) Air Reservoir 10) Calibrator Plug Plunger
4) Meter Zero Adjustment Screw 11) Porosity Calibrator Plug
5) Porosity Test Chamber Lid 12) Calibration Weight
6) Differential Pressure Gage 13) Weighing Balance Mechanism
7) Porosity Zero Control 14) Atomizer Bulb
FIG. 1 Port-Ar Apparatus
D 1282 – 05 (2009)
1) Metal specimen container 6) Gage tube
2) Packing rod 7) Millimetre scale
3) Plunger 8) Vacuum supply
4) Retaining collar 9) Upper gage tube mark
5) Control knob 10) Lower gage tube mark
FIG. 2 WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter
in micrometres.Although the reading is affected by the average fiber diameter distribution of the specimen, the results secured by
the instruments give no indication of this distribution. However, in converting the micrometres reading to millitex units (Annex
A1), low, medium, and high standard deviations were used in the calculations to arrive at the range of millitex units which
accordingly reflect the distribution of fiber diameters.
6. Apparatus, Materials, and Reagent
6.1 Port-Ar , described in this method and shown in Fig. 1.
6.2 WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter , described in this method and shown in Fig. 2.
6.2.1 Scale graduated in millimetres.
6.2.2 Calibration chart converting float height in millimetres to diameter in micrometres.
6.2.3 Air pump capable of furnishing a constant vacuum of 609.6 mm (24 in.) of mercury.
6.2.4 Tablesofcorrectionvaluestocorrectobservedresultsinmicrometrestodeviationsfromstandardconditions,20°C(68°F)
and 65% relative humidity, as shown in Annex A2.
6.3 Trichloroethane or equivalent solvent.
6.4 Working Reference Samples, three, prepared by each laboratory for use in checking the instruments. One working reference
sample should be selected from each of the following ranges of grade: (1) up to and including 48’s, (2) 50’s to 60’s inclusive, and
(3) 62’s or finer. These samples of uniform fineness with a low standard deviation, as explained in Appendix A1.1, must be
thoroughly tested both by the air-flow instrument being used and by the microprojection method.
6.5 Standard Reference Samples —Three samples are available with the following average fiber diameters: 20.7 µm, 27.3 µm
and 37.4 µm.
7. Hazards
7.1 Refer to the manufacturer’s material safety data sheet for information on handling, use, storage, and disposal of
trichloroethane or equivalent solvent.
7.2 Use trichloroethane or equivalent solvent in well-ventilated hood due to the associated health hazards.
8. Calibration of Apparatus
8.1 Calibrate the instrument on arrival in accordance with instructions in Annex A2.
The Port-Ar instrument, trademark for a product manufactured by Zellweger Uster, 456Troy Circle, P.O. Box 51720, Knoxville,TN 37950, has been found satisfactory
for this purpose.
The WIRAFiber Fineness Meter, trademark for a product manufactured by Reynolds and Branson Ltd., for Thorn Bendix Ltd., BeechAve., New Barford, Nottingham
NG7 7JJ England. This instrument is available from Lawson-Hemphill Sales, Inc., P.O. Drawer 6388, Spartanburg, SC 29304.
May be obtained from Agricultural Marketing Service, Livestock and Seed Division, 711 “O” Street, Greeley, CO 80631.
D 1282 – 05 (2009)
8.2 Recalibrate the instrument each day. Verify calibration after each 4h of use or whenever an operational problem is noted.
9. Sampling
9.1 Lot Sample—For acceptance testing, take at random the number of shipping containers directed in an applicable material
specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use Practice D1060. Consider
shipping containers to be the primary sampling units.
NOTE 2—A realistic specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability between
shipping containers, between laboratory samples within a shipping container, and between specimens within a laboratory sample so as to provide a
sampling plan which at the specified level of the property of interest has a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and
limiting quality level.
9.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of subsamples from each package in
the lot sample as directed in an applicable material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, such
as an agreement to use Practice D1060 if baled or bagged wool is to be tested.
9.3 Test Specimens:
9.3.1 Port-Ar Procedure—Take one specimen per laboratory sampling unit.
9.3.2 Wira Procedure—Take one specimen per laboratory sampling unit.
10. Specimen Preparation
10.1 Prepare test specimens of wool top, card sliver, scoured, or grease wool as directed in Test Method D2130.
10.2 If no mechanical card is available, take two subsamples of scoured wool, each weighing approximately 4g more than the
mass of wool required for measurement in the air-flow instrument being used; hand card these subsamples at least 30 strokes each
and prepare a test specimen from each of them.
10.3 Rinse all test specimens in the recommended solvent to reduce the extractable matter to less than 1% of the specimen
mass. Condition the test specimens as prescribed in 11.1 or 11.2. From the conditioned test specimen, weigh the amount of wool
required for measurement in the air-flow instrument being used.
10.3.1 Port-Ar—Placeapproximately12.5goftheconditionedwoolspecimeninthebalancebasket.Onepumpoftheatomizer
bulb will indicate whether the specimen is too light or too heavy: If the meter reads above the red triangle, the specimen is too
heavy;ifbelow,thespecimenistoolight.Adjustthespecimento12.5gbyaddingorremovingsmallamountsofwool.Themeter
indicates the mass of the specimen to within6 0.5% if the pointer is on scale, so the mass needs to be adjusted only until the
pointer reads within the red triangle.
NOTE 3—The accuracy of the balance should be thoroughly checked before and while using the Port-Ar.The specimen may be weighed on a separate
balance.
10.3.2 WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter—Weigh a 2.500 6 0.005 g test specimen. Remove pieces of vegetable matter and other
impurities before weighing.
11. Conditioning
11.1 For tests made on the Port-Ar as directed in 11.2, reasonable results may be obtained even if the standard atmosphere for
testing is not available since the instrument uses low-pressure ambient air. Keep the instrument in a draft-free room, away from
radiators,sunlight,andotherelementswhichdisturbtemperatureorair.Allowtheinstrumentandthewell-openedwooltobetested
to remain in the same atmospheric conditions for approximately 4h before the specimens are tested.
11.2 FortestsmadeontheWIRAFiberFinenessmeterasdirectedin12.2,bringthetestspecimentomoistureequilibriumwith
the standard atmosphere. A 4h conditioning period is usually sufficient.
12. Procedure
12.1 Procedure with the Port-Ar:
12.1.1 Wool Top, Card Sliver, Scoured Wool, Grease Wool—Using the weighed test specimen, (see 10.3.1) place one end of the
sliverinthechamberandtampintheremainder.Donotfoldthewooltopbeforeplacinginthechamber.Whenallofthespecimen
TABLE 1 Components Of Variance As Standard Deviations, µm
Single-Operator Within-Laboratory Between-Laboratory
Names Of The Properties
Component Component Component
Fiber diameter,
Port-Ar procedure
Single-material comparisons 0.21 0.20 0.72
Multi-material comparisons 0.00 0.20 0.74
Fiber diameter,
WIRA procedure
Single-material comparisons 0.23 0.11 0.37
Multi-material comparisons 0.13 0.11 0.38
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1282–05 Designation: D 1282 – 05 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Resistance to Airflow as an Indication of Average Fiber
Diameter of Wool Top, Card Sliver, and Scoured Wool
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 ThistestmethodcoverstheestimationoftheaveragefiberdiameterofwoolfibersbyuseofthePort-ArandtheWIRAFiber
Fineness Meter instrument, which operate on the air-flow principle. Other air-flow instruments have not been tested with this
method. The method is directly applicable to non-medullated, carded wool and wool top.
1.2 This test method is applicable to grease wool and scoured wool after the samples of such materials have been prepared as
directed in Test Method D2130.
NOTE 1—The use of the Micronaire instrument for measuring the fineness of cotton fibers is covered in Test Method D1448.
The assignment of grade for wool and mohair is covered in Specifications D3991 and D3992 and D3992.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1060 Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Packages for Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool Fiber Present
D1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fibers
D2130 Test Method for Diameter of Wool and Other Animal Fibers by Microprojection
D3991 Specifications for Fineness of Wool or Mohair and Assignment of Grade
D3992 Specifications for Fineness of Wool Top or Mohair Top and Assignment of Grade
D4845 Terminology for Wool Terminology Relating to Wool
2.2 Other Standard:
IWTO-6-92(E) Method of Test for the Determination of The Mean Diameter of Wool Fibers in Combed Sliver Using the
Air-Flow Apparatus
IWTO-28-82(E) Determination By The Airflow Method of the Mean Fibre Diameter of Core Samples of Raw Wool
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to wool and wool felt, refer to Terminology D4845.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: sliver, specific area, top, and wool.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The resistance to air flow of predetermined mass of wool compressed to a fixed volume is measured. The instruments
approved for use have been calibrated to read average diameter in micrometres. Specimens of wool top are rated with aWoolTop
Scale and specimens of carded, scoured wool and scoured ⁄2-in. (13.0-mm) cores are rated with a Scoured Wool Scale. If
instruments are properly calibrated, results are interchangeable.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool Felt .
Current edition approved March 1, 2005. PublishedApril 2005. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1282–96 (2005).on Wool and
Felt.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1282–05.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1282 – 05 (2009)
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Thistestmethodisnotrecommendedfortheacceptancetestingofcommercialshipmentsofwooltop,cardsliver,orscoured
wool since the referee method, Test Method D2130, is recommended for that purpose. Although this test method is not
recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful for fast quality control checks.
5.1.1 .If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative
test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a
minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material
as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory.
The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level
chosenpriortothetestingseries.Ifbiasisfound,eitheritscausemustbefoundandcorrected,orfuturetestresultsforthatmaterial
must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
5.2 The specific area of the wool fibers is measured by the resistance in air flow. The resistance to air flow has been related to
average fiber diameter measured by the microprojection method. The instruments have been calibrated to read average diameter
in micrometres.Although the reading is affected by the average fiber diameter distribution of the specimen, the results secured by
the instruments give no indication of this distribution. However, in converting the micrometres reading to millitex units (Annex
A1), low, medium, and high standard deviations were used in the calculations to arrive at the range of millitex units which
accordingly reflect the distribution of fiber diameters.
6. Apparatus, Materials, and Reagent
6.1 Port-Ar , described in this method and shown in Fig. 1.
6.2 WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter , described in this method and shown in Fig. 2.
6.2.1 Scale graduated in millimetres.
6.2.2 Calibration chart converting float height in millimetres to diameter in micrometres.
The Port-Ar instrument, trademark for a product manufactured by Zellweger Uster, 456Troy Circle, P.O. Box 51720, Knoxville,TN 37950, has been found satisfactory
for this purpose.
The WIRAFiber Fineness Meter, trademark for a product manufactured by Reynolds and Branson Ltd., for Thorn Bendix Ltd., BeechAve., New Barford, Nottingham
NG7 7JJ England. This instrument is available from Lawson-Hemphill Sales, Inc., P.O. Drawer 6388, Spartanburg, SC 29304.
1) Balance Adjustment Knob 8) Porosity Calibration Control
2) Balance Pan 9) Compression Lever
3) Air Reservoir 10) Calibrator Plug Plunger
4) Meter Zero Adjustment Screw 11) Porosity Calibrator Plug
5) Porosity Test Chamber Lid 12) Calibration Weight
6) Differential Pressure Gage 13) Weighing Balance Mechanism
7) Porosity Zero Control 14) Atomizer Bulb
FIG. 1 Port-Ar Apparatus
D 1282 – 05 (2009)
1) Metal specimen container 6) Gage tube
2) Packing rod 7) Millimetre scale
3) Plunger 8) Vacuum supply
4) Retaining collar 9) Upper gage tube mark
5) Control knob 10) Lower gage tube mark
FIG. 2 WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter
6.2.3 Air pump capable of furnishing a constant vacuum of 609.6 mm (24 in.) of mercury.
6.2.4 Tablesofcorrectionvaluestocorrectobservedresultsinmicrometrestodeviationsfromstandardconditions,20°C(68°F)
and 65% relative humidity, as shown in Annex A2.
6.3 Trichloroethane or equivalent solvent.
6.4 Working Reference Samples, three, prepared by each laboratory for use in checking the instruments. One working reference
sample should be selected from each of the following ranges of grade: (1) up to and including 48’s, (2) 50’s to 60’s inclusive, and
(3) 62’s or finer. These samples of uniform fineness with a low standard deviation, as explained in Appendix A1.1, must be
thoroughly tested both by the air-flow instrument being used and by the microprojection method.
6.5 Standard Reference Samples —Three samples are available with the following average fiber diameters: 20.7 µm, 27.3 µm
and 37.4 µm.
7. Hazards
7.1 Refer to the manufacturer’s material safety data sheet for information on handling, use, storage, and disposal of
trichloroethane or equivalent solvent.
7.2 Use trichloroethane or equivalent solvent in well-ventilated hood due to the associated health hazards.
8. Calibration of Apparatus
8.1 Calibrate the instrument on arrival in accordance with instructions in Annex A2.
8.2 Recalibrate the instrument each day. Verify calibration after each 4h of use or whenever an operational problem is noted.
9. Sampling
9.1 Lot Sample—For acceptance testing, take at random the number of shipping containers directed in an applicable material
specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use Practice D1060. Consider
shipping containers to be the primary sampling units.
NOTE 2—A realistic specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability between
shipping containers, between laboratory samples within a shipping container, and between specimens within a laboratory sample so as to provide a
sampling plan which at the specified level of the property of interest has a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and
limiting quality level.
9.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for acceptance testing, take the number of subsamples from each package in
the lot sample as directed in an applicable material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, such
as an agreement to use Practice D1060 if baled or bagged wool is to be tested.
May be obtained from Agricultural Marketing Service, Livestock and Seed Division, 711 “O” Street, Greeley, CO 80631.
D 1282 – 05 (2009)
9.3 Test Specimens:
9.3.1 Port-Ar Procedure—Take one specimen per laboratory sampling unit.
9.3.2 Wira Procedure—Take one specimen per laboratory sampling unit.
10. Specimen Preparation
10.1 Prepare test specimens of wool top, card sliver, scoured, or grease wool as directed in Test Method D2130.
10.2 If no mechanical card is available, take two subsamples of scoured wool, each weighing approximately 4g more than the
mass of wool required for measurement in the air-flow instrument being used; hand card these subsamples at least 30 strokes each
and prepare a test specimen from each of them.
10.3 Rinse all test specimens in the recommended solvent to reduce the extractable matter to less than 1% of the specimen
mass. Condition the test specimens as prescribed in 11.1 or 11.2. From the conditioned test specimen, weigh the amount of wool
required for measurement in the air-flow instrument being used.
10.3.1 Port-Ar—Placeapproximately12.5goftheconditionedwoolspecimeninthebalancebasket.Onepumpoftheatomizer
bulb will indicate whether the specimen is too light or too heavy: If the meter reads above the red triangle, the specimen is too
heavy;ifbelow,thespecimenistoolight.Adjustthespecimento12.5gbyaddingorremovingsmallamountsofwool.Themeter
indicates the mass of the specimen to within6 0.5% if the pointer is on scale, so the mass needs to be adjusted only until the
pointer reads within the red triangle.
NOTE 3—The accuracy of the balance should be thoroughly checked before and while using the Port-Ar.The specimen may be weighed on a separate
balance.
10.3.2 WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter—Weigh a 2.500 6 0.005 g test specimen. Remove pieces of vegetable matter and other
impurities before weighing.
11. Conditioning
11.1 For tests made on the Port-Ar as directed in 11.2, reasonable results may be obtained even if the standard atmosphere for
testing is not available since the instrument uses low-pressure ambient air. Keep the instrument in a draft-free room, away from
radiators,sunlight,andotherelementswhichdisturbtemperatureorair.Allowtheinstrumentandthewell-openedwooltobetested
to remain in the same atmospheric conditions for approximately 4h before the specimens are tested.
11.2 FortestsmadeontheWIRAFiberFinenessmeterasdirectedin12.2,bringthetestspecimentomoistureequilibriumwith
the standard atmosphere. A 4h conditioning period is usually sufficient.
12. Procedure
12.1 Procedure with the Port-Ar:
12.1.1 Wool Top, Card Sliver, Scoured Wool, Grease Wool—Using the weighed test specimen, (see 10.3.1) place one end of the
sliverinthechamberandtampintheremainder.Donotfoldthewooltopbeforeplacinginthechamber.Whenallofthespecimen
has been forced into the chamber, close the compression chamber lid, 5, in place. Pull forward on the compression lever, 9, until
it locks in place. Apply air pressure either by the atomizer bulb or by the electric pump to fill the pressure tank (Note 3). Read
the diameter in micrometres on the scale as the piston settles. Record the reading and remove the specimen, carefully reopen it
by hand to eliminate compact areas, replace the specimen in the chamber and make a second reading.
NOTE 4—In using the electric pump, some operators find continuous operation advantageous. Satisfactory results will be obtained in this case if
calibrationadjustmentsarealsomadewiththepumprunningcontinuously.Asmallreservoirtankor“bladder”mountedintheairlinebetweenthepump
and the instrument will reduce needle vibration.
NOTE 5—Port-ArinstrumentdescribedinFig.1iscalibratedforwoolgrade(Topandwool).Port-Arinstrumentisalsoavailableformeasuringmohair
fibers.
12.2 Procedure with the WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter:
12.2.1 Feed the weighed specimen into the metal container, meanwhile pushing the wool down evenly into the container with
the short end of the rod provided. It is important to use this rod and nothing else for packing since it prevents tight packing of the
TABLE 1 Components Of Variance As Standard Deviations, µm
Single-Operator Within-Laboratory Between-Laboratory
Names Of The Properties
Component Component Component
Fiber diameter,
Port-Ar procedure
Single-material comparisons 0.21 0.20 0.72
Multi-material comparisons 0.00 0.20 0.74
Fiber diameter,
WIRA procedure
Single-material comparisons 0.23 0.11 0.37
Multi-material comparisons 0.13 0.11 0.38
D 1282 – 05 (2009)
A
TABLE 2 Critical Differences, µm, For The Conditions Noted
Number Of
Single-Operator Within-Labora- Between-Labora-
Names Of The Properties Observations In
Precision tory Precision tory Precision
Each Average
Fib
...